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初中英语八年级下册期末复习考点闯关
一、核心知识点系统精讲（25个）
1. 现在完成时三大核心用法
知识点：
① 经历：Have you ever... + ever/never/before（Unit 8/9）
② 持续：have/has + 延续性动词 + for/since（Unit 10）
③ 结果：have/has + 非延续性动词 + just/already（Unit 9）
例题：
—______ you ______ (read) Treasure Island yet
—Yes, I ______ (finish) it yesterday.
A. Have; read; have finished
B. Did; read; finished
C. Have; read; finished
解析：选C。疑问句用现在完成时（yet），答句有yesterday用一般过去时。
2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词转换
知识点：
非延续性动词延续性转换例句（现在完成时）
buy have/has had I've had this bag for 2 years.
borrow have/has kept She has kept the book since Monday.
例题：
改错：He has borrowed the bike for three days.
解析：borrowed → kept。borrow为非延续性动词，需转换。
3. 形容词/副词比较级与最高级
知识点：
规则：tall → taller → the tallest; careful → more careful → the most careful
不规则：good → better → best; bad → worse → worst
例题：
The Yangtze River is ______ (long) than the Yellow River, but the Nile is ______ (long) in the world.
答案：longer; the longest
4. 大数字与单位表达（Unit 7）
知识点：
千位分隔：5,430 → five thousand four hundred and thirty
单位复数：2,000 meters（非two thousands）
例题：
长城全长约______千米。
A. twenty-one thousands and sixty
B. twenty-one thousand and sixty
C. twenty-one thousand sixty
解析：选B。千位与十位间加and。
5. 条件句（if引导的真实条件句）
知识点：
主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时：
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
例题：
If he ______ (come) early, we ______ (start) the meeting.
答案：comes; will start
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时对比（时间状语差异）
规则总结：
现在完成时一般过去时
强调动作与现在的关联 强调动作发生的具体时间
时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since 时间状语：yesterday, last week, in 2020, ago
例句：I have read this book three times. 例句：I read this book last month.
例题：
Q: She ______ (finish) her homework ______.
A. has finished; just
B. finished; just now
C. has finished; yesterday
解析：选A。just（刚刚）与现在完成时连用；B中just now（刚才）需用一般过去时；C中yesterday不可与现在完成时连用。
7. How long 对持续时间的提问（Unit 10）
规则总结：
结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 延续性动词过去分词
回答：For + 时间段 / Since + 时间点
注意：非延续性动词需转换（buy → have had, borrow → have kept）。
例题：
Q: —______ have you learned English
—______ I was six years old.
A. How long; Since
B. How often; For
C. How soon; Since
解析：选A。How long询问持续时间，回答用since + 时间点。
8. 感官动词用法（look/sound/smell + adj.）
规则总结：
感官动词 + 形容词（描述状态）：look happy, sound interesting, smell delicious
不可用副词修饰感官动词： The flower smells sweetly. → The flower smells sweet.
例题：
Q: The music ______ (beautiful). I want to listen to it again.
A. sounds beautifully
B. sounds beautiful
C. is sounded beautiful
解析：选B。sound为感官动词，后接形容词beautiful。
9. 被动语态（一般现在时结构）
规则总结：
结构：am/is/are + 过去分词
动作承受者作主语：The book is read by students every day.
例题：
Q: English ______ (speak) in many countries.
A. is spoken
B. speaks
C. spoke
解析：选A。主语English是动作承受者，需用被动语态。
10. 间接引语（陈述句转化）
规则总结：
时态变化：一般现在时→一般过去时；现在完成时→过去完成时
人称/时间词调整：
"I like apples," he said. → He said that he liked apples.
例题：
Q: "I have seen the movie," Tom said. → Tom said that he ______ the movie.
A. has seen
B. had seen
C. saw
解析：选B。直接引语为现在完成时，间接引语改为过去完成时。
11.1. 动词不定式作目的状语（to do）
规则总结：
结构：to do 表目的，可置于句首（强调目的）或句末。
同义结构：in order to / so as to（更正式）
例句：He studies hard to pass the exam.（句末）
To save money, she walks to work.（句首）
例题：
Q: ______ protect the environment, we should recycle more.
A. So that
B. In order to
C. Because
解析：选B。in order to + 动词原形表目的，置于句首。
12. 情态动词表推测（must/can't/might）
规则总结：
情态动词推测程度例句（基于证据）
must 肯定（≥90%） The phone is ringing. It must be Tom.（肯定是汤姆）
can't 否定（不可能） She can't be at home. Her car is gone.（不可能在家）
might 可能（≈50%） It's cloudy. It might rain later.（可能会下雨）
例题：
Q: The window is broken. Someone ______ a ball here.
A. must kick
B. might kick
C. must have kicked
解析：选C。对过去动作的肯定推测用“must have + 过去分词”。
13. 结果状语从句（so...that...）
规则总结：
结构：so + 形容词/副词 + that + 句子（结果）
对比结构：such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that...（修饰名词）
too...to...（太…而不能）
例句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.（直接结果）
It was such a heavy box that I couldn't lift it.（修饰名词）
例题：
Q: He ran ______ fast ______ we couldn't catch him.
A. so; that
B. such; that
C. too; to
解析：选A。so + 副词（fast） + that 表结果。
14. 让步状语从句（although/though）
规则总结：
although/though 引导让步从句，不与but连用。
though 可用于句末，表示“不过”（口语化）。
例句：Although it was raining, we played football.（正确）
Although it was raining, but we played football.（错误）
例题：
Q: ______ she is only 10 years old, she can speak three languages.
A. Because
B. Although
C. But
解析：选B。Although引导让步状语从句，不与but连用。
15. 现在完成时中的been to与gone to区别（Unit 9）
规则总结：
have been tohave gone to
表示“去过某地（已返回）” 表示“去了某地（未返回）”
例句：I have been to Shanghai twice.（已回来） 例句：Tom has gone to Shanghai.（人未回来）
例题：
Q: —Where is your father
—He ______ Beijing on business.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
解析：选B。父亲未返回，用has gone to。
16. 固定搭配（used to/be used to）
规则总结：
used to be used to
过去常做某事（现在不了） 习惯于做某事
结构：used to + 动词原形 结构：be used to + 名词/动名词
例句：I used to play basketball.（过去常打） 例句：I am used to getting up early.（习惯早起）
例题：
Q: My grandfather ______ smoke, but he quit last year.
A. is used to
B. used to
C. uses to
解析：选B。表示“过去常抽烟”，用used to。
17. 疑问词+不定式结构（how to do）
规则总结：
结构：疑问词（how/what/where/when/which等） + to do
功能：相当于名词短语，可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
意义：表示“如何/何时/何地做某事”，常用于简化从句。
适用疑问词：
how（如何）: how to solve
what（什么）: what to choose
where（哪里）: where to go
when（何时）: when to start
which（哪一个）: which to buy
与从句的转换：
疑问词 + to do = 疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词
例句：I don’t know how to use this app.
= I don’t know how I should use this app.
用法详解与例句
作宾语（最常见用法）：
He taught me how to swim.
She forgot what to say.
作主语：
Where to go hasn’t been decided yet.
How to fix the problem is still a question.
作表语：
The question is which one to choose.
与特定动词搭配（常见动词）：
know, learn, decide, remember, forget, explain, show, teach
例句：Can you explain how to operate this machine
They are discussing where to hold the meeting.
18. 并列连词（both...and.../neither...nor...）
规则总结：
连词用法主谓一致规则例句
both...and 连接两个并列成分（肯定） 谓语用复数 Both Tom and Lucy like apples.
neither...nor 连接两个并列成分（否定） 就近原则 Neither he nor I am right.
例题：
Q: ______ my parents ______ my sister ______ watching TV.
A. Both; and; likes
B. Neither; nor; like
C. Both; and; like
解析：选C。both...and连接主语时，谓语用复数（like）。
19. 感叹句（What/How引导）
规则总结：
引导词结构例句
What What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓！ What a beautiful day (it is)!
How How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓！ How fast he runs!
注意：What修饰名词，How修饰形容词/副词。
例题：
Q: ______ delicious the cake is!
A. What
B. How
C. What a
解析：选B。delicious为形容词，用How引导感叹句。
20. 过去进行时（was/were doing）
规则总结：
结构：was/were + 现在分词（doing）
用法：表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作，常与when/while连用。
例句：I was reading when the phone rang.
While he was cooking, she was cleaning.
例题：
Q: They ______ (play) basketball at 5 pm yesterday.
A. played
B. were playing
C. are playing
解析：选B。at 5 pm yesterday表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
21. 动词短语辨析（give up vs. give away）
规则总结：
短语含义例句
give up 放弃（习惯/目标） He gave up smoking last year.
give away 赠送；泄露秘密 She gave away her old clothes.
例题：
Q: Don’t ______ the answer to others during the exam!
A. give up
B. give away
C. give in
解析：选B。give away表示“泄露答案”。
22. 地点介词（among/between/through）
规则总结：
介词用法例句
among 三者或以上之间 The book is among the boxes.
between 两者之间（或明确个体间） Sit between Tom and Lucy.
through 穿过（内部空间） Walk through the forest.
例题：
Q: The secret was shared ______ the three friends.
A. between
B. among
C. through
解析：选B。三者之间用among。
23. 时间介词（for/since/during）
规则总结：
介词用法例句
for 后接时间段（2 days） I have lived here for 5 years.
since 后接时间点（2020） He has worked here since 2018.
during 在…期间（强调时间段内） It rained during the night.
例题：
Q: She studied English ______ three hours yesterday.
A. for
B. since
C. during
解析：选A。for后接时间段（three hours）。
24. 目的与结果表达（in order to/so as to）
规则总结：
结构用法例句
in order to 表目的，可置于句首 In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.
so as to 表目的，不可置于句首 He got up early so as to catch the bus.
so...that... 表结果 The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
例题：
Q: ______ save energy, we turn off the lights.
A. So as to
B. In order to
C. So that
解析：选B。in order to可置于句首。
25. 话题词汇分类（自然、科技、文学、旅行）
核心词汇表：
类别必会词汇例句
自然 mountain, desert, climate The climate here is very dry.
科技 robot, invention, experiment The robot can help with cooking.
文学 plot, character, classic The plot of this novel is exciting.
旅行 luggage, passport, souvenir Don’t forget your passport!
例题：
Q: The ______ of the story is full of surprises.
A. robot
B. plot
C. souvenir
解析：选B。plot指“故事情节”。

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