资源简介 (共51张PPT)三 词 汇(五) 冠词、数词、连词、形容词与副词第二部分 专项突破01考点演练02达标训练目录 冠词冠词是用在名词前面,帮助说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。它分为不定冠词(a、 an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词三种,其中零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。(1) 不定冠词① 不定冠词有a和an,用于单数名词前。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如:a book 一本书 an egg 一个鸡蛋1② 不定冠词的主要用法如下:a. 说明某人或某物所属的类别。如:She is a worker. 她是一名工人。b. 用于第一次出现的单数名词前,泛指一类名词中的“某一个”。如:I have a bag. 我有一个包。c. 表达一类名称的“任何一个”。如:A student shouldn’t be late for class.学生不应该上课迟到。d. 用于表达速度、频率的短语中。如:eighty kilometres an hour 每小时80千米twice a day 一天两次e. 用于某些习惯用语中。如:have a cold 感冒 have a good time 玩得开心a/an用法口诀冠词a、 an两种帽,许多名词常需要;开头读音若是元,要把an帽拿来套;辅音起首戴a帽,记住规律很重要。(2) 定冠词① 定冠词the用于名词前,通常有特指作用,表示“这个/些;那个/些”。② 定冠词的主要用法如下:a. 用于上文提到过的人或事物前。如:There is a toy car over there. The toy car can go very fast.在那边有一辆玩具小汽车。这辆玩具小汽车能跑得非常快。b. 用于特定的或说话双方都知道的人或事物前。如:Put the bag on the desk.把包放在课桌上。c. 用在序数词、形容词最高级及only、 same等词前。如:the first class 第一节课the tallest man 最高的人d. 用在形容词或单数名词前,表示一类人或事物。如:the young 年轻人 the dollar 美元e. 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall 长城the Earth地球 the Sun 太阳g. 用在表示乐器的名词前。如:play the violin 拉小提琴h. 用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:the Greens 格林一家f. 用于世上独一无二的事物前。如:定冠词用法口诀特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及;世上独一无二,方位、名词和乐器;专有名词、序数词,习惯用语特别记。(3) 零冠词零冠词的使用主要有以下几种情形:① 在表示三餐、球类运动和娱乐活动的名词前,不加冠词。如:have dinner 吃晚餐play football 踢足球② 不可数名词前通常省略不定冠词。③ 名词前有限定词、指示代词(this/that等)、物主代词(my/your等),不用冠词。如:this tree 这棵树 your bed你的床④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前不加冠词。如:in summer 在夏天 in May 在五月on Saturday 在星期六⑤ 国名、地名、人名等专有名词前通常不用冠词。如:from China 来自中国in Beijing 在北京⑥ 在固定短语中表特殊意义时,不用冠词。如:by subway 乘地铁go to bed 上床睡觉某些短语有无the,意义上有所差别。如:at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁next year 明年 the next year 第二年by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边in hospital 住院(病人)in the hospital 在医院里(不是病人)【典例精析】( C )① (2024·绍兴越城区)I have apple. You have pear.A. a; a B. a; anC. an; a D. an; anC解析:题①, apple以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰, pear以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a修饰;( B )② (2024·金华兰溪)I like to play football, but my sister likes playing pipa.A. the; the B. /; theC. the; /B解析:题②,在与play构成的短语中,球类活动前不加任何冠词,乐器前加定冠词the。【小试身手】(1) 用合适的冠词填空。That is an old and beautiful city. People in the city are friendly.(2)( B) (2024·温州平阳)- We are going to have great art show.- Hooray!A. an B. a C. /an the B 数词表示数量多少或顺序先后的词叫作数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两种。2(1) 基数词① 基数词是表示数量多少的词。下表是100以内的部分基数词。1-one 11-eleven 30-thirty2-two 12-twelve 40-forty3-three 13-thirteen 50-fifty4-four 14-fourteen 60-sixty5-five 15-fifteen 70-seventy6-six 16-sixteen 80-eighty7-seven 17-seventeen 90-ninety8-eight 18-eighteen 100-one hundred9-nine 19-nineteen10-ten 20-twenty② 20开始的整十之间的基数词是在整十加连字符后,再写one~nine。如:twenty-one 21eighty-nine 89(2) 序数词① 序数词是表示顺序先后的词。下表是20以内的序数词。1st-first 11th-eleventh2nd-second 12th-twelfth3rd-third 13th-thirteenth4th-fourth 14th-fourteenth5th-fifth 15th-fifteenth6th-sixth 16th-sixteenth7th-seventh 17th-seventeenth8th-eighth 18th-eighteenth9th-ninth 19th-nineteenth10th-tenth 20th-twentieth② 20开始的整十的序数词是把基数词的结尾字母y变为ie再加-th。如:thirtieth第三十 fortieth第四十③ 20开始的整十之间的序数词是把基数词中的个位数变为相应的序数词。如:twenty-first第二十一【典例精析】( B )① (2024·九江)Mike is 110 centimetres tall. Tony is 10 centimetres shorter than Mike. Tony is tall.A. 90 centimetresB. 100 centimetresC. 120 centimetresB解析:题①,根据句意“迈克110厘米高。托尼比迈克矮10厘米。”可知,托尼100厘米;( A )② (2023·孝感汉川)I see bridges over the river, but I like the one best.A. three; third B. third; twoC. third; second解析:题②,表达河上桥的数量使用基数词,表达第几座桥使用序数词。A【小试身手】(1) 用所给词的适当形式填空。They live on the eleventh (eleven) floor.(2) ( C )- How many floors are there in this house?- There are .A. second B. firstC. twoeleventh C 连词连词是用来连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词,可分为并列连词和从属连词。3(1) 并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、句子。常用的有and、 or、 but等。如:It’s cold outside. Please put on your sweater and jacket, John.外面很冷。约翰,请穿上你的毛衣和夹克衫。Will you read books or watch TV this evening?你今晚将读书还是看电视?I like vegetables, but I don’t like onions.我喜欢蔬菜,但是我不喜欢洋葱。(2) 从属连词主要引导从句。常用的有because、 so、 if等。如:I like autumn, because it’s cool.我喜欢秋天,因为天气凉爽。I’m ill, so I can’t go to school.我生病了,所以我不能去上学。If you like sports, you can be a coach.如果你喜欢运动,你可以成为一名教练。 在英语中, because与so不能出现在同一个主从复合句中, 二者只能选用其一。如:I like singing, so I want to be a singer.= Because I like singing, I want to be a singer.因为我喜欢唱歌,所以我想要成为一名歌手。【典例精析】( A )(2024·温州平阳)- When is the summer vacation?- It’s in July August.A. and B. or C. but解析:and表示并列关系, or表示选择关系, but表示转折关系。A【小试身手】用clothes改为选择疑问句。Would you like to buy food? What would you like to buy, food or clothes?What or 形容词(1) 形容词的概念及分类形容词是用来描述和修饰名词、代词,说明其性质、状态和特征的词。形容词分为品质形容词(如: beautiful、 clever)、颜色形容词(如: yellow、 blue)等。4(2) 形容词的用法形容词是实词,可以独立充当句子成分。在句子中常用作定语、表语或宾语补足语。如:This is a pretty dress.这是一条漂亮的连衣裙。(作定语)The weather became cloudy and windy.天气变得多云且有风。(作表语)Trees make our city beautiful.树使我们的城市漂亮。(作宾语补足语)某些形容词前加定冠词,相当于名词,指一类人或物,充当句子主语或宾语。如:The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。【典例精析】( C )(2024·昆明五华区)Binbin is very . He often answers difficult questions.A. strict B. kind C. clever解析:根据第二句的意思“他经常回答难题。”可知他是聪明的,故选clever。C【小试身手】根据中文提示,完成句子。The bag is black and white (黑白相间的).black and white 副词(1) 副词的概念及分类副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子的词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问等概念。副词类别如下表:5类 别 例 词时间副词 yesterday 昨天 today 今天地点副词 here 这里 there 那里方式副词 quickly 快速地 quietly 安静地程度副词 very 很,非常 too 太疑问副词 when 何时 how 怎么样 (2) 副词的用法副词在句子中主要作状语,它可以修饰动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子。有时充当句子的定语或表语。如:The kids are playing in the park happily.孩子们正在公园里开心地玩耍。(作状语)I like the food here.我喜欢这里的食物。(作定语)Class is over. Let’s have a rest.下课了。咱们休息一下吧。(作表语)(3) 形容词和副词比较等级① 在进行事物比较时,需要使用形容词和副词的等级形式来表达比较的程度。形容词和副词的比较等级分为三种——原级、比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级是由原级变化而来,有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。其规则变化如表格:变化规则 例 词一般在词尾直接加-er、 -est short→shorter→shortest以不发音的字母e结尾,词尾直接加-r、 -st late→later→latest变化规则 例 词以“辅音字母+ y”结尾,把y变为i再加-er、 -est heavy→heavier→heaviest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个字母再加-er、 -est thin→thinner→thinnest 还有一些词的变化是不规则的,必须单独记忆。如:原 级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestlittle less leastmany/much more mostbad/badly worse worstfar farther further farthestfurthest ② 形容词和副词比较等级常见用法如下:a. 在两者之间进行比较,用比较级。如:This room is bigger than that one.这间房间比那间房间大。b. 三者或三者以上进行比较,出现“最……”时,用最高级。如:Who studies (the) hardest of you three?你们三个中,谁学习最努力?他和我一样高。d. “the +比较级, the +比较级”表示“越……,越……”。如:The harder you study, the more you will get.你学习越努力,你将获得的越多。c. “as ...as”用于两者比较,程度相当,中间用原级。如:He is as tall as me.【典例精析】( A )(2024·金华东阳)I’m tall, but Lucy is than me.A. taller B. tall C. heavier解析:句意:我个子高,但是露西比我更高。A【小试身手】(1) 用所给词的适当形式填空。My friend is a careful boy. Now he is doing his homework carefully . (careful)(2) ( A )① - Who is , Joy or Ada?- Joy. She is girl in our class.A. stronger; the strongestB. strong; the strongestC. strongest; the strongercareful carefully A( A )② - Can Jack play basketball ?- Yes, he can. So he has a body.A. well; goodB. good; goodC. well; wellA一、 用合适的冠词填空,如不需要则用“/”表示。1. I like the yellow shirt in the shop.2. They go to / school from Monday to Friday.3. I don’t like playing the pipa, but I like playing / badminton.4. We are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.5. There’s an “h” in the word “how”.the / the / the an 一二三四五六二、 从方框中选择合适的词填空。because but and before first then1. First go straight, and then turn right at the post office.2. There is a clock, a box and some books on the desk.3. Because he hurt his leg, he stayed at home last month.4. It is raining now, but that farmer is still working in the field.5. Look left before you cross the road in Beijing.First then and Because but before 一二三四五六三、 根据句意或首字母提示填空。1. The fifth month of a year is May.2. Twelve and eighteen is thirty .3. It’s late. Please hurry up .4. He put on his coat and went out.5. The cleaners make the streets clean .fifth thirty up and clean 一二三四五六四、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. (2024·重庆两江新区)The dinosaur is heavier (heavy) than both of us.2. Peter is a happy boy. He often laughs happily .(happy)3. Kate is the tallest (tall) girl in our class.4. Mike has more (many) storybooks than I do.5. Which girl is the first (one) to come to school?heavier happy happily tallest more first 一二三四五六五、 单项选择。( C )1.(2024·重庆彭水)I live in New York I am not American.A. or B. and C. but( B )2. Mike is at music, but he doesn’t do in PE.A. good; goodB. good; wellC. well; goodCB一二三四五六( C )3. He is seventy, but he looks very .A. old B. tired C. young( A )4. (2024·台州黄岩区)- Mum, please drive . We should be careful at the crossing.- OK. I will.A. slowly B. quicklyC. suddenlyCA一二三四五六( B )5. (2024·金华兰溪)My sister is than me, but I am .A. tall; heavyB. taller; heavierC. longer; heavyB一二三四五六六、 从方框中选择合适的词补全对话。at didn’t late when earlyA: Did you get up early this morning?B: No, I didn’t .A: When did you get up?B: At nine o’clock.A: Oh, it was too late .early didn’t When At late 一二三四五六(共35张PPT)三 词 汇(二) 代 词第二部分 专项突破01考点演练02达标训练目录 代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和反身代词等。 人称代词表示“我”“你”“他/她/它”“我们”“你们”“他们”等的词,叫作人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。如下表:1数 人 称 单 数 复 数主 格 宾 格 主 格 宾 格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he him they themshe herit it格 人称代词的主格在句中作主语,一般用在动词之前。人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,多用于动词、介词之后。如:We can see them. 我们能看见他们。They are looking at me. 他们正在看我。【典例精析】( C )(2023·萍乡)The old woman often tells us interesting stories. So we like very much.A. he B. him C. her D. she解析: like为动词,故其后的人称代词使用宾格,根据第一句主语The old woman可知为女性,故选her。C【小试身手】根据中文意思,完成句子。我们昨天拜访了他们。 We visited them yesterday. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。We them 2物主代词有人称和数的变化。如下表:数 人称 单 数 复 数形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性第一人称 my mine our ours第二人称 your yours your yours第三人称 his his their theirsher hersits /物主代词 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,后面接名词。名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语和表语,后面不再接名词。如:This is your cap.这是你的帽子。(your 作定语)Mine is over there.我的在那儿。(Mine作主语)These pens look like ours.这些钢笔看起来像我们的。(ours作宾语)That is hers. 那是她的。(hers作表语)【典例精析】( C )(2024·济南历下区)- Mum, my dog is so cute.- My dear, it’s not only dog. It’s also .A. yours; mine B. yours; myC. your; mine解析:第一个空格后有名词,此处应选形容词性物主代词;第二个空格后无名词,此处应选名词性物主代词。C【小试身手】用所给词的适当形式填空。- Is this your (you) book?- No, it’s not mine (I). It’s her (she) book.your mine her 指示代词指示代词在句子中可用作主语、宾语、定语等。如:This is my book.这是我的书。(This作主语)I like these.我喜欢这些。(these作宾语)That pen is Lily’s.那支钢笔是莉莉的。(That作定语)this和that还可用于电话用语。“Who’s that?”用于接起电话后询问对方是谁。“This is ...speaking.”用于打、接电话时介绍自己。3【典例精析】( B )(2023·昭通)- Are those your pants?- They are my brother’s.A. No, it isn’t.B. No, they aren’t.C. Yes, they are.解析: those意为“那些”,为指示代词,故答语中主语使用they;根据答语中“They are my brother’s.”可知,选用否定回答。B【小试身手】根据图片提示填空。- What is this ?- It’s an egg.this It’s 不定代词不定代词一般用于指代一些非特定的人或事物。常用的不定代词有:some、 any、 few、 little、 a few、 a little、 many、 much、 something、 anything、 nothing、 everything、 both、 all等。4部分不定代词用法如下:不定代词 用 法 例 句some 意为“一些,若干”,用于肯定句或想得到肯定答复的疑问句中 You can find some in the box.你可以在盒子里找到一些。Would you like some?你想要一些吗?不定代词 用 法 例 句any 常用于疑问句或否定句中;用于肯定句中可表示“任何一个” There are two books in my bag. Are there any in your bag?我的包里有两本书。你的包里有一些吗?Go to buy some milk. There isn’t any left.去买一些牛奶。没有剩的了。I’ll take any you don’t like.你不喜欢的我会任意拿一个。不定代词 用 法 例 句both 表示“(两个人或事物)都” Both of us are students.我们两个都是学生。all 表示“(三个或以上的人或事物)都” We all like our English teacher.我们都喜欢我们的英语老师。a few 意为“几个”,指代可数名词 I saw a few of his films. 我看过他的几部电影。不定代词 用 法 例 句a little 意为“一点”,指代不可数名词 The man said a little about his past.这名男子说了一点关于他过去的事。nothing 意为“什么也没有”,表示否定 There’s nothing in the box. 盒子里什么也没有。可数 不可数肯定 a few a little否定 few little【典例精析】( B )(2023·淮安清江浦区)- Listen. Some one .- Nice!A. sing B. is singingC. are singing解析:根据Listen可知,空处所在句时态为现在进行时;主语Someone是不定代词,故谓语部分“be动词+动词现在分词”中be动词用is。B【小试身手】从括号中选择合适的词填空。He writes many stories. But I only like a few (a little/a few) of them.a few 疑问代词疑问代词是对句中的人或事物进行提问的代词,如:who、 whom、 whose、 which、 what等,通常置于句首。5疑问代词 代替范围who 谁(主格) 人whom 谁(宾格)whose 谁的which 哪一个 人、事、物what 什么 事、物如: Who is that man?那位男士是谁?Whom did you invite to the party last night?昨晚的聚会你邀请了谁?Whose hat is this?这是谁的帽子?Which one do you like?你喜欢哪一个?What is it?它是什么?【典例精析】( C )(2023·赣州章贡区)- ruler is this?- It’s .A. Who’s; his B. Whose; IC. Whose; his解析: Who’s是Who is的缩略形式,用于提问人; Whose用于提问物的所有者。C【小试身手】对画线部分提问。Nancy likes the pink dress. Which dress does Nancy like ?Which does like 反身代词表示“某人自己”的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词有人称和数的变化。如下表: 人 称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称单 数 myself yourself himselfherselfitself复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves6如: I do the cleaning myself.我自己做打扫卫生的工作。She hurt herself last Monday.上周一她弄伤了她自己。反身代词的构成口诀反身代词构成并不难,单数词尾self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前,其余物主开头要在先。复数形式如何变, f须用ves来替换。【典例精析】( C )(娄底娄星区)Miss Li will let us enjoy .A. us B. ourC. ourselves解析: enjoy ourselves 意为“我们玩得开心”。C【小试身手】用所给词的适当形式填空。Boys and girls, there is a new knife on the desk. Be careful. Don’t hurt yourselves (you).yourselves 一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. She is my mother. Her job is a cleaner. Do you know her ?(she)2. - Where are they ? We can’t find them .- Let’s call their teacher.(they)She Her her they them their 一二三3. Look at the funny cat. It is Amy’s. Its name is Mimi. We all like it very much.(it)It Its it 4. - Are these (this) trousers your brothers’?- Yes, they are theirs .(their)these they theirs 5. - I know Frank washed clothes yesterday. Did he do anything (something) else?- Yes. He did some (any) shopping.anything some 一二三二、 单项选择。( B )1. The gifts are for Helen. Give to , please.A. it; her B. them; herC. them; she( C )2. are going to have a picnic tomorrow.A. I, you and heB. Him, you and IC. You, he and IBC一二三( C )3. I need some paper. Is there on the table?A. some B. a few C. any( C )4. He should be careful and not hurt .A. he B. him C. himself( C )5. I don’t like this room. I’m going to ask for .A. the other B. otherCCCC. another( B )6. I like these sweets. Can I have more?A. a little B. a fewBC. any一二三( C )7. - sweater is this?- It’s .A. Who; my B. Whose; myC. Whose; mineC( C )8. - is that on the desk?- is a toy panda.A. Whose; ThisB. Which; ItC. What; ItC一二三( B )9. - What’s wrong, Eric?- There is wrong with my bike.A. anything B. somethingC. every( B )10. (2024·汉中洋县)I’m taller than , but my feet are smaller than .A. you; your B. you; yoursC. yours; yoursBB一二三三、 按要求完成句子。1. This is her toy.(同义句转换)This toy is hers .2. Are these sheep?(作否定回答)No, they aren’t .3. That pen is my sister’s.(对画线部分提问) Whose pen is that ?4. Peter is my friend.(对画线部分提问) Who is your friend?5. I like the blue bag.(对画线部分提问) Which bag do you like?toy hers they aren’t Whose is that Who your Which bag 一二三(共34张PPT)三 词 汇(三) 介 词第二部分 专项突破01考点演练02达标训练目录 介词用于表示它后面的名词或代词(或其他相当于名词的短语或从句)与句中其他成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。根据介词本身的意义,可分为时间介词、方位介词和表示方式、手段与材料的介词。 时间介词时间介词是表示时间的介词。小学阶段常用的时间介词有: in、 on、 at、 from、 before、 after、 for 等。1(1) in用来表示在较长的时间内,通常与表示年、月、季节的词或与上午、下午、晚上等词连用。如:in February 在二月in 2023 在2023年in summer 在夏天in the morning 在上午in a week 在一周内(2) on用来表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。如:on Sunday/Monday 在星期日/星期一on May 2nd 在五月二日on Friday morning 在星期五上午(3) at用来表示在某一具体时刻;将某一段时间看作某一时刻时也用at,表示“在……期间”;在某个节日也可用at;表示人的年龄时也可用at。如:at six o’clock 在六点钟at night 在夜里at the Spring Festival 在春节at the age of six 在六岁时巧记时间介词in/on/at年月周前要用in,勿忘上午、下午和傍晚,遇到日期要用on,包括上午、下午和傍晚。午夜黄昏at来抢先,黎明它也不放过,at用在分钟前,说“差”反被to赶超,说“过” past 来助力,多说多练不忘记。(4) from用来表示某动作从某时间开始,常与to构成短语“from ...to ...”,意为“从……到……”。如:from 5:00 a.m.to 3:00 p.m.从早上五点到下午三点(5) before用来表示时间先后,意为“在……之前”。如:Wei Hua got up before 5 o’clock this morning.今天早晨魏华在五点钟之前起床了。 by 用作时间介词时,也可表示到某一时间为止。如:Send an email to me by April 3rd.四月三日前发一封电子邮件给我。 (6) after也用来表示时间先后,意为“在……之后”。如:After that, they became good friends.在那以后,他们成了好朋友。(7) for意为“达……之久”,表示过了多少时间,可以和一般现在时、过去时和将来时连用。如:We’ll stay in London for three weeks.我们将在伦敦待三周。(8) during 意为“在……期间”,表示一段时间。后面可接表示一段时间的名词性短语。如:during my trip to Beijing在我去北京旅行期间during my summer holiday在我暑假期间 this、 that、 these、 those、 last、 next、 every、 each等词构成的时间短语,前面无须用任何介词。如:Every year a lot of people from all over the world come to visit the Great Wall.每年许多来自世界各地的人来游览长城。He had a cold last week.上周他感冒了。【典例精析】( A )(2024·济宁梁山)My birthday is January 3rd. My brother’s birthday is January, too.A. on; in B. on; on C. in; in解析: in用来表示在较长的时间内; on用来表示在具体的某一天。此题中January 3rd为具体的日期,其前要用介词on; January为月份,其前要用介词in。A【小试身手】( A )① (2024·台州黄岩区)I often visit my grandparents Sundays.A. on B. in C. at( B )② (2024·昭通镇雄)Wang Ling often gets up 6:30 a.m. and then cooks breakfast for her family.A. on B. at C. inAB 方位介词方位介词常用于表示物体的空间位置。(1) on用于两个物体的表面相互接触时,意为“在……上”。如:on the desk/chair在课桌/椅子上(2) in用来表示在某物里面,也可以表示在一个面积较大的地方。如:in the room 在房间里in Beijing 在北京2(3) at用来表示在某物的旁边、周围,或表示在某个面积较小的地方。如:at the table 在桌子旁at the bus stop 在公共汽车站(4) below、 under 都可意为“在……下方”。below用来表示相对高度,所处的位置不一定是正下方,与above相对应。如:There is a chair below the light.在灯的下面有一把椅子。A bird is flying above the tree.一只鸟儿正在树的上方飞。under用来表示在某物的正下方,表示垂直下方,与over相对应。如:The ball is under the bed. 球在床下。The bridge is over the river. 桥在河上。(5) behind用来表示在某物的后面,与in front of相对应。如:behind the door 在门后面in front of me 在我前面(6) beside、 near都可意为“在……的旁边”。beside 表示的位置比near 更近一些, near更趋向于“在……附近”。如:Mike sits beside me.迈克坐在我旁边。My home is near the school.我家在学校附近。(7) to用来表示A地在B地的范围之外,即两者之间有距离间隔。如:Beijing is to the north of Shanghai.北京在上海的北面。(8) from用来表示从某个起点开始,意为“来自……,从……”。如:He comes from China.他来自中国。(9) along意为“沿着……”。如:Go along this road and turn left at the traffic lights.沿着这条路走,然后在交通灯处向左转。(10) out of用来表示从里向外的运动方向。如:She is looking out of the window.她正在向窗外看。(11) up用来表示由下而上的动作方向,意为“向上;沿着”。如:We climbed up the hill last Sunday.我们上周日爬上山了。(12) down用来表示由上而下的动作方向,意为“(从高处)向下,往下;沿着,顺着”。如:The stone rolled down the hill.石头滚下了山。Go down this street.沿着这条街走。in the tree与on the tree 两者都可意为“在树上”。 in the tree强调的是树上的外来物,而on the tree则强调的是长在树上的东西。如:A bird is singing in the tree.一只鸟儿在树上唱歌。There are many apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。【典例精析】( B )(2023·吉安峡江)What’s the weather like Beijing?A. to B. in C. on解析:询问某地的天气,用句型“What’s the weather like in +地点?”。B【小试身手】根据中文提示,完成句子。What’s that under the chair (在椅子下)?under the chair 表示方式、手段与材料的介词(1) with多指用工具、身体的某个部位或器官,通常用于具体的事物,意为“使用”。如:cut it with a knife 用刀切它write down with your pen用你的钢笔写下来3(2) by表示通过某种方法/手段。如:by bike/plane 骑自行车/乘飞机by hand 手工(3) in多指用某种语言或材料、穿着什么颜色的衣服等。如:in English 用英语in ink 用墨水in red 穿红色的衣服(4) on表示通过某种方式。如:on the radio 通过无线电广播on the Internet 通过互联网on foot 步行【典例精析】( A )(2023·重庆丰都)You can get there bus.A. by B. in C. take解析: by后面可以直接跟表示交通工具的名词,表示“乘坐某种交通工具”。 by bus意为“乘坐公共汽车”。A【小试身手】(1) ( C )(2024·四平铁西区)He usually to work foot.A. go; on B. goes; by C. goes; on(2) 同义句转换。The girl wearing yellow clothes is my sister.The girl in yellow is my sister.Cin yellow 一、 用合适的介词填空。1. Please wash these apples before you eat them.2. There is a bridge over the river.3. I want to borrow a storybook from the library.4. We are all very interested in maths.5. Look! The oranges on the tree are so big.before over from in on 一二三四五二、 单项选择。( B )1. My grandpa will move New York May.A. in; in B. to; in C. about; on( C )2. Lily is telling a story rabbits her sister.A. to; on B. about; inC. about; toBC一二三四五( C )3. We stayed home last week-end and helped Mum house-work.A. in; from B. at; to( A )4. (2024·台州仙居)- What do you often do . Saturday?- I often have a dancing class 3:00 p.m.A. on; at B. in; at C. on; inCA( A )5. We’re going to the science museum subway.A. by B. on C. withAC. at; with一二三四五三、 根据上下文提示,补全对话。A: Excuse me, can you show me the way to the cinema?B: Sure. It’s in front of the bookstore.A: I’m new here, so I don’t know where the bookstore is.B: You can go with me.A: That’s great.B: Where are you from ?A: I’m from Sydney.B: Welcome to China.A: Thank you.to in of with from to 一二三四五四、 [新考法]填写合适的介词,完成短文。 I’m a student. I’m from New York. I live in Beijing now. I get up at 6:30 every day. I go to school with my friend on foot.from in at to with on 一二三四五五、 完形填空。This is my house. There is an old tree 1 it. Look! A bird is 2 the tree. It is 3 black. I call the bird Heihei. It is lovely. I give food 4 Heihei every day. I put some food 5 a small box 6 spring 7 winter. Heihei and I are friends. Now Heihei is the mother 8 three little birds. They are learning to fly 9 Heihei. 10 the morning, I like to watch them. I like the birds.( B )1. A. over B. in front of C. in the front of( A )2. A. in B. on C. ofBA一二三四五( B )3. A. on B. / C. with( A )4. A. to B. with C. for( B )5. A. under B. in C. at( B )6. A. to B. from C. at( C )7. A. from B. in C. to( B )8. A. in B. of C. and( A )9. A. from B. and C. to( B )10. A. On B. In C. AtBABBCBAB一二三四五(共30张PPT)三 词 汇(四) 动 词第二部分 专项突破01考点演练02达标训练目录 动词是用来表示人或物的动作或状态的词。动词有数、人称和时态的变化。 动词的分类类 别 用 法 例 句连系 动词 连系动词本身有一定的词义,但必须与表语一起构成谓语,连系动词有: be动词、 look、 sound、 taste、 turn等 Trees turn green in spring.树在春天变绿。It sounds great!它听起来很棒!1类 别 用 法 例 句情态 动词 情态动词本身有一定的词义,但必须和实义动词原形一起构成谓语,情态动词有: can、 must、 could、 would、 may、 should等 May I come in?我可以进来吗?Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?I must do my homework first. 我必须先做我的家庭作业。类 别 用 法 例 句助动词 助动词do/does用于一般现在时中,它们的过去式did用于一般过去时中 We didn’t have a picnic last week.我们上周没有野餐。Does he like singing?他喜欢唱歌吗?行为 动词 行为动词又称实义动词,表示动作或状态,能独立作谓语 Lucy gets up early every morning.露西每天早上起得很早。They are crossing the road now.他们现在正在过马路。动词的人称和数1. be动词(am、 is、 are、 was、 were)要与主语的人称和数保持一致。 2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词使用原形。 3.在一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数时,助动词用does,其余情况下助动词一律用do;助动词do、 does、 did后的动词使用原形。4. 在一般现在时的肯定句中,主语是第三人称单数,且谓语是实义动词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。【典例精析】( B )(2024·嘉兴平湖)There no library in my old school. Now we a big and nice one.A. is; have B. was; haveC. are; had解析:根据in my old school可知,第一句时态为过去时,主语library为可数名词单数,be动词用was;根据Now可知,第二句时态为现在时,主语we为第一人称复数,故have用原形。B【小试身手】根据中文提示,完成句子。① Mike washes his clothes (洗他的衣服) every day.② Why do you look excited (看起来兴奋), Joe?washes his clothes look excited 动词的各种形式(1) 原形动词原形即动词没有进行变化的形式。如:like 喜欢 see 看见 be 是;成为(2) 第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式用于主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时的肯定陈述句中。其规则变化如下表:2变化规则 例 词一般在动词词尾加-s read→reads以s、 x、 o、 ch、 sh结尾的动词,在动词词尾加-es guess→guessesfix→fixes go→goeswatch→watcheswash→washes以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es carry→carriesfly→flies特殊单词 have→has动词第三人称单数的变化口诀一般情况词尾-s加;o、 s、 x、 sh、 ch结尾-es不能差;辅音加y,变y为i,再把-es来加;多读多练牢记它。 (3) 过去式动词的过去式用于一般过去时的肯定陈述句中。其规则变化详见第一部分/第15课时/⑦。(4) 现在分词现在分词一般由动词原形加-ing构成,与be动词一起构成进行时中的谓语部分。如:They are planting trees in the park.他们正在公园里植树。I’m writing an email to my e-friend.我正在给我的网友写一封电子邮件。动词原形变为现在分词的规则如下:变化规则 例 词一般在动词原形的末尾加-ing go→goingplay→playing以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing write→writingmake→making以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing put→puttingbegin→beginningswim→swimmingrun→running以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing die→dyinglie→lying【典例精析】( C )(2024·湛江廉江)Look! Bill ping-pong on the farm.A. played B. plays C. is playing解析:根据Look可知,句子时态为现在进行时,故谓语部分用“be动词+动词-ing形式”。C【小试身手】用所给词的适当形式填空。① She makes (make) sweets every day.② Look! The students are reading (read) books.③ Mum told (tell) me a story last night.makes are reading told 一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Let’s eat (eat) some fruit.2.- You should make (make) the bed by yourself.- OK, I will have a try.eat make 3. John’s family are having (have) dinner now.4. Shall we go swimming (swim) now?having swimming 一二三四五六5. We took (take) many photos in the park last Saturday.6. My sister gave (give) me a book the day before yesterday.7. Mary catches (catch) the early bus to school every day.8. My father often writes (write) emails to his friends in the study.9. - Does Mr Wu work (work) on Sundays?- No, he doesn’t.took gave catches writes work 10. Are you doing (do) your homework now?doing 一二三四五六二、 单项选择。( B )1. Ann the piano well. She it now.A. play; is playingB. plays; is playingC. plays; plays( B )2. The baby is sleeping now.A. Be quick!B. Be quiet!C. Don’t hurry.BB一二三四五六( B )3. (2024·温州龙湾区)- We are going to have a party. What can you do for the party?- I’m good at music. I can .A. tell English storiesB. play the pipaC. draw cartoonsB一二三四五六( C )4. I a picture about changes of our town with my friends tomorrow morning.A. drawB. drewC. am going to drawC一二三四五六( C )5. (2024·九江瑞昌)I didn’t , but I last night.A. listened to music; watched TVB. listen to music; watch TVC. listen to music; watched TV( B )6. Mary is good at football.A. playB. playingC. playedCB一二三四五六( C )7. What do you want in the future, Lily?A. beingB. to beingC. to be( C )8. It’s cold outside. You should your coat.A. take offB. put upC. put onCC一二三四五六( B )9. John often TV on the weekend.A. watch B. watchesC. watching( C )10. - Yang Ling go to Xinjiang for her holiday?- Yes, she will.A. Is B. DidC. WillBC一二三四五六三、 按要求完成句子。1. Jack plays football every day.(用now替换every day改写句子)Jack is playing football now.2. What is it?(用they替换it改写句子)What are they ?3. Does your brother often play sports?(用you替换your brother改写句子) Do you often play sports?4. I will visit Beijing next month.(用be going to替换will改写句子)I am going to visit Beijing next month.is playing football are they Do you play am going to visit 一二三四五六5. My father was at home then.(用now替换then改写句子)My father is at home now.6. Amy likes swimming in summer.(改为否定句)Amy doesn’t like swimming in summer.7. My parents bought a gift for me.(改为否定句)My parents didn’t buy a gift for me.8. Peter had some bread for breakfast yesterday morning.(改为一般疑问句) Did Peter have any bread for breakfast yesterday morning?is doesn’t like swimming didn’t buy Did have any 一二三四五六9. His new friend is from China.(改为一般疑问句) Is his new friend from China?10. Her uncle is watering the flowers in the garden.(对画线部分提问) What is her uncle doing in the garden?Is from What is doing 一二三四五六四、 根据上下文及图片提示,补全对话。 A: Did Mr Brown often write letters to his friends twentyyears ago?B: Yes. He didn’t have a phone then.A: Can he talk with his friends on the phone now?B: Yes. Look! He is talking on the phone now.write to didn’t talk is talking 一二三四五六五、 从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式补全短文。be like live go playOliver lives with his family in Beijing. He often goes to a small park near his home. There are a lot of trees in the park. He likes to see all the green leaves in spring. Look! He is playing with his friends now.lives goes are likes is playing 一二三四五六六、 用所给词的适当形式补全短文。I have (have) a new friend, Sarah. She doesn’t have any brothers. But she has (have) two sisters. They study (study) in the same school. She goes (go) to school with them every day. She is fifteen years old now and yesterday was (be) her birthday. While she was watching TV in the living room at ten, her parents gave (give) her a big surprise. It is a lovely Teddy Bear. She likes (like) the gift very much. She will be 16 years old and she wants (want) to be a doctor in the future.have has study goes was gave likes wants 一二三四五六(共32张PPT)三 词 汇(一) 名 词第二部分 专项突破0203达标训练目录01考点演练结构图示 名词的分类名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。按其所表示的意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。根据是否能直接用具体数字来修饰,可分为可数名词和不可数名词。1常见集体名词的用法1. family、 team、 class、 club、 group等用法特点:若视为整体,表示单数意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:This family is great. 这个家庭很棒。My family are very busy today.我的家人今天非常忙碌。 用法特点:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:The people in the park are happy.公园里的人很开心。3. goods、 clothes等用法特点:只有复数形式,表示复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。如:These new clothes are nice. 这些新衣服好看。2. people、 police、 cattle等【典例精析】( C )(2023·蚌埠禹会区)We usually have . and . for dinner.A. rices; chicken B. rice; chickensC. rice; chicken解析:根据短语“have +食物名词+ for +三餐”可知,空处填名词; rice和chicken为不可数名词,故没有复数形式。C【小试身手】选出不同类的一项。( C )① A. snowB. rainC. weather( A )② A. pandas B. milk C. water( C )③ A. shoes B. gloves C. clothes( C )④ A. family B. class C. pencil( B )⑤ A. pen B. people C. eraserCACCB 名词的数(1) 可数名词能直接用具体数字来修饰的名词属于可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。2① 单数形式就是词的本身,用在句子中时,前面常常使用冠词a/an/the。如:Ann has a pen.安有一支钢笔。There is an apple in Mike’s hand.在迈克的手中有一个苹果。Mr Chen is sitting in the classroom.陈老师正坐在教室里。 ② 名词复数表示数量超过一个的人或物。名词单数形式变复数形式可分为规则变化和不规则变化。名词复数的规则变化详见第一部分/第3课时/⑤。名词复数的不规则变化:变化规则 例 词单复数同形 Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheepdeer→deerfish→fish变化规则 例 词改变中间的 元音字母(组合) man→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemenfoot→feettooth→teeth词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxenchild→children 有些名词的复数形式比较特殊,需要单独记忆,如: mouse→mice。(2) 不可数名词不能直接用具体数字来修饰的名词属于不可数名词。其数量的表达方法有两种:① 表达不具体数量的结构: some/much/little/a little/a lot of/ ...+不可数名词。如:Would you like some juice?你想要一些果汁吗?There is a little water in the bottle.在瓶子里有一点水。② 表达具体数量的结构: a/an/数词+量词+ of +不可数名词。如:Please give me a glass of milk.请给我一杯牛奶。I’m thirsty now. Can I have two cups of tea? 我现在口渴。我能喝两杯茶吗? chicken/fish表示动物“鸡/鱼”时是可数名词,表示食物“鸡肉/鱼肉”时是不可数名词。名词作定语的用法1. 大多数情况下名词用单数形式作定语。如:a music teacher 一位音乐老师an orange tree 一棵橙子树2. 有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。如:a clothes shop 一家服装店a sports meet 一场运动会 3. woman、 man作定语修饰名词复数时,应变为复数形式;而girl、 boy作定语修饰名词复数时则不变。如: many women teachers 许多女老师some men doctors 一些男医生three girl students 三名女学生two boy teams 两个男孩队【典例精析】( A )(2024·襄阳枣阳)These are and .A. potatoes; tomatoesB. potatos; tomatosC. potatos; tomatoes解析:根据These are可知,本题需要选择名词的复数形式。potato与tomato的复数形式都要在词尾加-es。A【小试身手】用所给词的适当形式填空。① My sister Lingling has three new teeth (tooth) now.② I want three glasses of milk (milk).③ Let’s meet those scientists (science) in the office.④ There are two women teachers (woman teacher) in the playground.⑤ We will have a sports (sport) meet next Friday.teeth milk scientists women teachers sports 名词的所有格名词的所有格表示两个名词之间的所属关系,意为“……的”,它主要有两种形式:’s所有格和of所有格。(1) ’s所有格如果名词代表的人或物是有生命的,一般用’s所有格形式。表示世界、国家、时间、距离等的所有格也用’s所有格形式。’s所有格的构成方法详见第一部分/第7课时/④。3 (2) of所有格如果名词代表的事物是无生命的,常用“of +名词”的形式来表示它的所有格。如:This is a map of Jiangsu.这是一幅江苏地图。Look at the photo of my family.看看我的全家福。(3) 双重所有格双重所有格是指名词所有格或名词性物主代词与of构成的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分。如:Tom is a friend of my brother’s.汤姆是我弟弟的一个朋友。Jack is a brother of mine.杰克是我的一个弟弟。 双重所有格中of后的词必须表示人,不能表示事物。【典例精析】( B )(2023·惠州)- Whose shoes are these?- They are .A. Lilys B. Lily’s C. Lily解析:问句询问“这些是谁的鞋子?”,故选名词所有格Lily’s来表达鞋子是Lily的。B【小试身手】根据中文提示,完成句子。① Beef and carrots are today’s specials (今天的特色菜) in this restaurant.② This is Lucy and Lily’s classroom (露西和莉莉的教室).③ Excuse me. Where is the teachers’ office (教师办公室)?④ Look at the picture/photo of Shanghai (上海的照片), Amy.⑤ Bob will invite some friends of his (他的一些朋友) to his birthday party.today’s specials Lucy and Lily’s classroom teachers’ office the picture/photo of Shanghai some friends of his 一、 根据图片提示填空。(第1题) (第2题) (第3题)(第4题) (第5题)一二三四五1. There are some fishermen by the sea.2. These are all delicious sandwiches .3. My feet are bigger than yours.4. I like Children’s Day best.5. This man doctor went to Wuhan in April.fishermen sandwiches feet Children’s man 一二三四五二、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Can you pass me some knives (knife)?2. (2024·郑州巩义)There are many sheep (sheep) on the farm. They’re so lovely.3. Helen’s (Helen) teacher is Mr Zhang.4. There are five people (people) in my family.5. (2024·佳木斯)Do you have any photos (photo)?6. I have lots of tomatoes (tomato) here.7. There are many boxes (box) in the room.8. The girl under the tree is a friend of Lucy’s (Lucy).knives sheep Helen’s people photos tomatoes boxes Lucy’s 一二三四五三、 单项选择。( C )1. (2024·兰州七里河区)How many are there on the table?A. apple B. an apple C. apples( A )2. - What would you like for lunch?- I’d like some .A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickensCA一二三四五( C )3. Mr Robinson is father. They are brothers.A. Andy’s and Leo’sB. Andy’s and LeoC. Andy and Leo’s( B )4. She needs .A. a glass waterB. two glasses of waterC. two glasses of watersCB一二三四五( C )5. There are forty-five in our school.A. woman teacherB. woman teachersC. women teachersC一二三四五四、 [情境题]课堂上老师正在和同学一起玩句子大变形的游戏。按要求完成句子。1. I have some red flowers.(改为单数句)I have a red flower .2. This is a nice snowman.(改为复数句)These are some nice snowmen .3. I want a pair of shoes.(用two替换a改写句子)I want two pairs of shoes.4. There are three policewomen on the road.(用one替换three改写句子)There is one policewoman on the road.a flower some snowmen two pairs one policewoman 一二三四五五、 从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式补全短文。vegetable train home Sally shop Sally’s mother is at home . She is making a shopping list. She needs some vegetables , some tea and a toy train .Sally’s home shopping vegetables train 一二三四五 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 (一) 名 词.pptx (三) 介 词.pptx (二) 代 词.pptx (五) 冠词、数词、连词、形容词与副词.pptx (四) 动 词.pptx