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Unit 7 International charities
知识点梳理
Unit7 必背词组及固定搭配（Welcome to the unit）
international charities 国际慈善组织
More money is needed for charity. 更多的钱被需要用于慈善。
have some pocket money left 剩下一些零花钱
I’m too weak to walk any further. 我太虚弱了没有办法走更远。
a charity called UNICEF 一个叫做联合国儿童基金会的慈善组织
How does UNICEF help people UNICEF是如何帮助人们的？
help build a better world 帮助建立一个更好的世界
all over the world 遍布世界
provide basic education for children 给学生提供基础教育
work for the equal rights of girls 为争取女生的平等权利而努力
prevent the spread of some serious diseases阻止一些严重疾病的蔓延
Unit7 必背词组及固定搭配（Reading）
an interview with an ORBIS doctor 一场和ORBIS医生的采访
tell us something about blindness 告诉我们一些关于失明的事情
mostly in poor areas 主要在贫困地区
80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.
这些病例中的80%可以被预防或是被治愈。
medical treatment 医学治疗
do operations 做手术
【固定搭配】
operate on sb.=do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术
7.be used as a training centre 被用来作为一个治疗中心
8.afford to go to hospital 能去看病
9.be on board 在飞机上
10.learn about eye operations 了解眼部手术
11.During my last visit,150 patients were operated on.
在我上次的来访中，有150位病人做了手术。
I’m proud to help people see again. 我很自豪可以帮助人们重见光明。
【固定搭配】
be proud of sth. = take pride in sth.
be proud that+从句
improve their lives 改善他们的生活
Modern medicine is developing quickly. 现代医学正在快速发展。
【辨析】
a developing country 一个发展中国家
a developed country 一个发达国家
carry on with our work 继续开展我们的工作
We hope more people will support us. 我们希望更多人会支持我们。
be unable to see 看不见
treat people with new skills 用新技术治疗人们
help people with eye problems see again 帮助有眼疾的人们重见光明
Unit7 必背词组及固定搭配（Grammar）
His eye problem was cured two months ago. 他的眼疾两个月前被治愈了。
【被动语态】类似于语文中将“把”字句改为“被”字句，基本结构为be done
基本用法：
(1)动作的执行者是泛指或是不言自明
e.g. None of the books was taken away. 没有一本书被拿走。
(2)不知道动作的执行者是谁
e.g.The toy is designed for children. 这款玩具是为孩子们设计的
(3)需要强调动作的承受者
e.g.The bike was repaired. 我的自行车修好了。
(4)出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者
This problem was talked about just now. 这个问题刚才被讨论过。
(5)在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出
Mr Wu is liked by all of his students. 所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。
【注意】有些动词常用被动语态
He was born in Nanjing. 他生于南京。
This mobile phone was made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。
Unit7 必背词组及固定搭配（Integrated skills）
be part of the United Nations 是联合国的部分
It was set up in Europe in 1946. 它在1946年成立于欧洲。
because of the war 因为战争
organize other activities 组织其他的活动
at that time 在那个时候(用过去的时态)
prevent them from getting illness 阻止他们得病
=stop them from getting illness
=keep them from getting illness
look pale 看起来脸色苍白
I don't feel well. 我觉得身体不舒服。
How long have you felt like this 你感觉像这样多久了？
have a check 检查一下
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．— I’m sorry I __________ my textbook at home.
— Don’t forget __________ it to school tomorrow, please.
A．forgot; to take B．left; to bring
C．forgot; to bring D．left; to take
2．Do you have __________ to say about your family
A．else anything B．else something C．anything else D．something else
3．By local doctors and nurses, we hope more people.
A．train, help B．training, helping C．training, to help D．train, helping
4．It is helpful to ________ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A．take B．show C．develop D．match
5．My uncle is used to for the children in poor areas.
A．raise money B．raised money C．raising money D．raises money
6．Dr. Ma used to _________ two or three persons in the hospital every day.
A．operate on B．operating on C．operate for D．operating for
7．—Is your father a teacher
—well, he _______.
A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．is used to be
8．— Do you know how to ask people to donate money to UNICEF
—_________ advertise on the Internet
A．What about B．How about C．Why not D．Why don’t
9．He is so poor that he ________ afford ________ to school.
A．didn’t；go B．can’t；to go C．isn’t；to go D．can’t；going
10．Our computer teacher taught us new___________.
A．skills and knowledge B．skills and knowledges C．skill and knowledge D．skill and knowledges
11．The doctors used the plane ________ a training centre to train some people ________ nurses.
A．as；as B．to；for C．for；as D．as；for
12．He practiced speaking harder to _________ his spoken English.
A．improve B．cure C．treat D．educate
13．Sorry, I can’t help you. The problem is _________ hard for me _________work out.
A．very; to B．too; to C．so; that D．enough; to
14．We’re grateful ________ you ________ your help very much.
A．to; for B．for; to C．to; to D．for; for
15．--Hi, John. ______
--It's Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.
A．How are you B．What's the matter C．Who's that D．What's Lucy like
二、单词拼写
16．This plan will win the support of many people, (尤其) in today’s China.
17．You’d better take some (药物) with you when you made a trip.
18．Two new (秘书) are coming tomorrow morning.
19． (印度) is in the south of Asia.
20．You’d better (培养) interest in English.
21．Most cases of (blind) can be cured or prevented.
22．—Do you know the (interview) on TV
—Of course. He is Sa Beining from CCTV.
23．A lot of money (raise) to provide poor children with food and clothes every November.
24．What he said (sound) great.
25．—Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar
—Oh, it’s me! This photo (take) when I was five years old.
三、完成句子
26．他已下定决心为妇女和女童的权利而工作。
He of women and girls.
27．许多病人负担不起去医院的费用。
go to hospital.
28．由于现代医学正在迅速地发展，大部分眼部疾病可以被治愈。
Most eye diseases can be cured since .
29．一些孩子经常在街上向人们分发宣传单。
Leaflets people in the street by some children.
30．我们需要更多的人来继续我们的研究。
More people are our research.
四、短文填空
Now, there are still many people in need around the world.
Some people are suffering from b 31 . They can’t see anything and they are too poor to a 32 medical treatment. There are many other patients who don’t have enough money to buy the m 33 they need.
Some children in poor areas can’t go to school because their families are poor. In fact, e 34 is very important to them. As we know, knowledge changes a person’s fate(命运).
Li Ming, a middle school student in the northern part of Jiangsu Province, has made up his m 35 to help those in need. He saves his pocket money for them. He also h 36 out leaflets in the street to ask people to donate money at the weekend. His parents both s 37 him.
With their help, he s 38 up “Helping Hand Club” in his school last month. He believes he will collect more money to c 39 on with his project. His teachers and classmates are all p 40 of him. Many of them have joined this club. Their good deeds are just like sunshine to those in need.
五、阅读理解
Do you know how the International Committee of the Red Cross（红十字国际委员会）got its start Here is how it happened.
In 1859, during wartime, a Swiss man named Henry Dunant passed a town in Italy where many soldiers were wounded or killed. He thought they should be cared for. A Swiss organization used his idea in 1863. When the organization became international, it was named the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The ICRC’s emblem is a red cross on a white ground. People use it as a sign for army doctors. There are now ICRC offices in 60 countries around the world. About 13, 000 Red Cross workers are helping people in more than 80 countries now.
The ICRC also has a branch in China—the Red Cross Society of China（RCSC）. It started in 1904, and it was RCSC’s one hundred and tenth anniversary（周年纪念日）in 2014.
Most of the people in RCSC are either full-time workers or volunteers. Now RCSC has 26 million members. RCSC also has organizations in many schools. Student members learn to respect the old and to help the weak. They are also taught to give medical care to the people who are in danger.
41．When did the International Committee of the Red Cross start
A．In 1559. B．In 1904. C．In 1859. D．In 1863.
42．How many Red Cross workers are helping people around the world now
A．About 13, 000. B．19 million. C．90. D．60.
43．What is the full name of RCSC
A．The International Committee of the Red Cross. B．The Chinese Committee Society.
C．The Chinese Red Cross Society. D．The Red Cross Society of China.
44．What does the underlined word “emblem” mean in Chinese
A．号码 B．图片 C．颜色 D．标志
45．Why are there some student members in RCSC
A．Because they can learn to respect the old.
B．Because they can learn to help the weak.
C．Because they can learn to give medical care to the people who are in danger.
D．All the above.
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctors a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
46．The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that ________.
A．the time is too short for doctors B．the patients are often too nervous
C．the damage is extremely hard to fix D．the blood-cooling machine might break down
47．What does the underlined word “cooled” mean
A．冷却的 B．凉快的 C．使冷却 D．凉爽
48．The brain operation was made possible mainly by ________.
A．taking the blood out of the brain B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine D．lowering the brain’s temperature
49．With Dr White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain ________.
A．can last as long as 30 minutes B．can keep the brain’s blood warm
C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy D．can help monkeys do different jobs
50．What is the right order of the steps in the operations
①send the cooled blood back to the brain
②stop the blood to the brain
③ have the blood cooled down
④operate on the brain
A．①②③④ B．③①②④ C．③②④① D．②③④①
六、任务型阅读
阅读表达 根据短文回答问题
Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, and to others it’s very difficult.
Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others.
If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it.
Realize your own good points. You have skills and talents(才能) that others will like.
Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others.
Be humourous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile at others.
Respect(尊敬) the others. Everyone has his own idea. Learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept yours.
Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show your kindness. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend and so on.
Don’t complain(抱怨). Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear your complaints all the time.
Never give up. Even if you are faced with some closed-minded people, never give up. And try to find someone who will understand you.
回答下面的问题，每题答案不超过6个词。
51．What can friends bring us according to the passage
___________________________________________________________
52．What’s the first thing we should know in order to make friends
___________________________________________________________
53．What will others do if you are kind to them
___________________________________________________________
54．How many pieces of advice does the writer provide when we have trouble in making friends
___________________________________________________________
55．How can you show your kindness to others (举一个例子)
___________________________________________________________
七、书面表达
56．假设你是李明，本周班会上，你将代表老师用英语通知学生参加一次敬老院的公益活动。
内容提示：
1. 星期天早上8:30在校门口集合，乘公共汽车前往；
2. 打扫卫生，整理房间；
3. 唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、聊天，给老人们带去欢乐；
4. 给老人们赠送班级礼物；
5. 活动很有意义，希望大家积极参与。
注意事项：60~80词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Fellow students, we will pay a visit to the Old People’s Home this Sunday.
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《Unit 7 International charities 知识点梳理 提升训练 -- 牛津译林版 八年级英语下册》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B C C C C A C C B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 41 42 43 44 45
答案 A A B A B D A D D D
题号 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A C D A B
1．B
【详解】句意：——对不起，我把课本落在家里了。——请别忘了明天把它带到学校来。
考查动词辨析。forget与leave均可以意为“落下；忘带”。但forget不与地点状语连用，leave可以与地点状语连用。根据“at home”可知，第一空填leave的过去式left。bring意为“带来”；take意为“带走”。根据“it to school”可知，第二空指把它带到学校来，故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：关于你的家庭，你还有别的什么说吗？
考查副词的用法。else与疑问代词或不定代词连用，else常后置；something常用于肯定句，anything常用于否定或疑问句。此句是疑问句，用anything。故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：通过训练本地的医生和护士，我们希望能帮助更多的人。
考查非谓语动词。本句中by是介词，后面接名词或者动名词作宾语；hope后面不能接双宾语，通常用法是hope to do sth .希望做某事；hope+宾语从句（时态常常是will+动词原形）希望……做某事。故选C。
4．C
【详解】句意：形成好的阅读习惯对语言的学习很有帮助。
考查动词辨析。take带走；show展现；match匹配；develop发展，形成，短语develop a habit 形成习惯；故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：我的叔叔习惯于为贫困地区的孩子们筹集资金。
考查动词短语。be used to sth习惯于某事；to是介词，后面接名词或者动名词作宾语，故选C。
6．A
【详解】句意：马医生过去常常每天在医院里给两三人做手术。
考查动词短语。operate on给……做手术，动词原形；operating on给……做手术，动名词；operate for错误表达，应用介词on；operating for错误表达，应用介词for。根据“used to”可知句子采用一般过去时，动词短语used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，根据“two or three persons in the hospital”可知应用动词短语operate on sb表示“给某人做手术”。故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：——你爸爸是老师吗？——嗯，以前是。
考查used to的用法。答语的言外之意是现在不是老师了。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”；be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”；used to be中的be不能省略。故选C。
8．C
【详解】句意：——你知道如何让人们为联合国儿童基金会捐款吗？——在网上做广告怎么样？
考查特殊疑问句。what about doing sth.做某事怎么样；How about doing sth.做某事怎么样；why not do sth.为什么不做某事呢；why don’t you do sth.为什么不做某事呢。根据“advertise”可知此处用why not do sth.。故选C。
9．B
【详解】句意：他穷得连上学的钱都负担不起。
考查情态动词can表能力和动词不定式作宾语。didn’t没有；can’t不能，不会；isn’t不是；go走，去，动词原形；to go走，去，动词不定式；going走，去，动名词。根据“so poor”可知太穷了无法支付，应用情态动词can’t表示“不能”。动词短语afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”。故选B。
10．A
【分析】
【详解】句意：我们的计算机老师教给我们新的技能和知识。 skill技能，可数名词； knowledge 知识，不可数名词； 可数名词用复数表示一类。故选A。
11．A
【详解】句意：医生把飞机用作培训中心并训练一些人成为护士。
考查介词。as作为；to到；for为了。use…as…意为“把……用作……”；“as+职业”表示“从事某一职业”，train sb as…意为“培训某人成为……”。故选A。
12．A
【详解】句意：他更加刻苦地练习口语，以提高自己的英语口语水平。
考查动词辨析。improve提高；cure治愈；treat对待；educate教育。根据“his spoken English”可知应是提高英语口语，故选A。
13．B
【详解】句意：抱歉，我不能帮助你。这个问题对于我来说太难了以至于我不能算出来。
考查短语辨析。very...to一般不连用；too...to…太……而不能……；so...that如此……以至于；enough...to足够……做。根据“Sorry, I can’t help you”可知应是太难了，算不出来，too...to，too后续形容词或副词，to后跟动词原形，构成动词不定式，作结果状语，故选B。
14．A
【详解】句意：我们非常感谢你的帮助。
考查介词辨析。to到；for因为。be grateful to sb. for sth.意为“因某事感谢某人”，是固定搭配，故选A。
15．B
【详解】句意：——约翰，你好。怎么啦？——是我的狗，露西，她的腿受伤了。
考查交际用语的用法。A. How are you 你好；B. What's the matter 怎么啦； C. Who's that 那是; D. What's Lucy like露西怎么样；根据Her leg is hurt.可知此处出现了问题，故问她怎么啦。故选B。
16．especially
【详解】句意：这个计划将赢得许多人的支持，特别是在今天的中国。根据中文提示可知，此处需要一个副词，用来加强语气，especially“尤其”符合句意，故填especially。
17．medicine
【详解】句意：外出旅行时，你最好随身带些药。medicine“药物”，不可数名词，故填medicine。
18．secretaries
【详解】句意：两位新秘书明天早上来。secretary“秘书”，可数名词，根据two可知，此空应填复数名词，故填secretaries。
19．India
【详解】句意：印度在亚洲南部。“印度”译为India，国家名。故填India。
20．develop
【详解】句意：你最好培养对英语的兴趣。根据句意和语境推测，develop意为“培养”，符合题意。另外，you’d better意为“你最好”，后接动词原形。故填develop。
21．blindness
【详解】句意： 大多数失明病例是可以治愈或预防的。分析句子结构可知，本句是名词短语做主语。空前的of是介词，后需接名词。blind是形容词，意为“失明的”；其名词形式为blindness，且是不可数名词。故填bilndness。
22．interviewer
【详解】句意：——你知道电视上那个采访者吗？——当然。他是中央电视台的撒贝宁。定冠词the后接名词。根据“Sa Beining from CCTV”可知他是主持人，在此是采访者，应用动词interview的名词interviewer来表示，此处用单数形式。故填interviewer。
23．is raised
【详解】句意：每年十一月都会筹集大量资金为贫困儿童提供食物和衣服。根据“every November”可知句子应用一般现在时。主语A lot of money与动词raise存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。主语A lot of money为不可数名词，be动词应用is，动词raise的过去分词为raised。故填is raised。
24．sounds
【详解】句意：他说的听起来不错。根据“What he said”可知，此句是一个主语从句，时态宜用一般现在时，主语从句看作第三人称单数，因此sounds符合句意。故填sounds。
25．was taken
【详解】句意：——Oscar，在照片里的那个男孩是谁？——哦，是我！这张照片是我五岁时拍的。主语photo与动词take之间是被动关系，且结合was可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态，主语是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was taken。
26．has made up his mind to work for the rights
【详解】make up one’s mind to do sth“下定决心做某事”， work for“为……工作”，right“权利”。根据句意可知，时态是现在完成时，主语是He，助动词用has，此处表示妇女和女童的权利，是复数含义，故填has made up his mind to work for the rights。
27．Many patients can’t afford to
【详解】“许多病人”是many patients，作句子主语，可数名词被“many”修饰，用可数名词的复数形式；“不能”是can’t；“负担得起做某事”是afford to do sth，情态动词后，用动词原形，故填Many patients can’t afford to。
28．the modern medicine is developing quickly
【详解】the modern medicine“现代医学”；develop“发展”，结合汉语可知，句子应用现在进行时，be动词 用is；quickly“迅速地”，副词修饰动词，故填the modern medicine is developing quickly。
29．are often handed out to
【详解】根据题干中文及所给英文提示可知，此处考查短语hand out sth. to sb.“给某人分发某物”，且本句主语是leaflets“传单”，主谓是被动关系，所以此处要用被动语态，同时根据“经常”一词，可知表示的是经常性的动作，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且结合主语是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式。故填are often handed out to。
30．needed to carry on with
【详解】need“需要”，主语“More people”是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，sb be needed to do sth“某人被需要去做某事”；carry on with“继续”。故填needed to carry on with。
31．(b)lindness 32．(a)fford 33．(m)edicine 34．(e)ducation 35．(m)ind 36．(h)ands 37．(s)upport 38．(s)et 39．(c)arry 40．(p)roud
【导语】本文讲述了世界上仍然有很多需要帮助的人，一位中学生李明用自己的实际行动号召大家帮助这样的人，并成立了“援助之手俱乐部”，得到了很多人的支持。
31．句意：有些人患有失明。根据“They can’t see anything”可知，这些人是失明的，suffer from sth.“遭受……之苦”，blindness“失明”，名词。故填(b)lindness。
32．句意：他们什么也看不见，而且他们太穷了，付不起医疗费。根据“they are too poor to …”可知，他们太穷，负担不起医疗费，afford“负担得起”，“too…to…”表示“太……以致于不能……”，空格处为原形。故填(a)fford。
33．句意：还有许多其他患者没有足够的钱来购买他们需要的药物。根据“There are many other patients …”可知，病人没有钱买药，medicine“药”，不可数名词。故填(m)edicine。
34．句意：事实上，教育对他们来说非常重要。根据“As we know, knowledge changes a person’s fate”可知，教育能教授孩子们知识，所以教育对他们很重要，education“教育”，不可数名词。故填(e)ducation。
35．句意：李明是江苏省北部的一名中学生，他决心帮助那些需要帮助的人。根据“He saves his pocket money for them. …”可知，下文讲述李明做了一些事帮助需要的人，此处指下决心帮助别人，make up one’s mind to do sth.表示“下决心做某事”。故填(m)ind。
36．句意：他还在街上散发传单，让人们在周末捐款。根据“… out leaflets in the street”可知，此处指散发传单，hand out“散发”，文章为一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式hands。故填(h)ands。
37．句意：他的父母都支持他。根据“With their help”可知，父母都支持她，support“支持”，文章为一般现在时，主语为复数his parents，谓语动词用原形。故填(s)upport。
38．句意：在他们的帮助下，他上个月在学校成立了“援手俱乐部”。根据“Many of them have joined this club.”可知，他成立了“援手俱乐部”，set up“设立、建立”，根据“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词set的过去式是set。故填(s)et。
39．句意：他相信他会筹集更多的钱来继续他的项目。根据“collect more money to …”可知，筹集钱的目的是继续他的项目。carry on“继续”，动词应为原形，和空格前的to构成动词不定式，作目的状语。故填(c)arry。
40．句意：他的老师和同学都为他感到骄傲。根据“Many of them have joined this club.”可知，老师和同学都为他所做的而感到骄傲，be proud of“以……为骄傲”。故填(p)roud。
41．D 42．A 43．D 44．D 45．D
【导语】本文主要讲述红十字会是如何产生的，以及它的发展史，还有它在中国的发展状况。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A Swiss organization used his idea in 1863. When the organization became international, it was named the International Committee of the Red Cross”可知，国际红十字会于1863年成立。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段中“About 13, 000 Red Cross workers are helping people in more than 80 countries now. ”可知，目前全球有大约13000名红十字会工作者。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The ICRC also has a branch in China—the Red Cross Society of China（RCSC）. ”可知，RCSC的全称是“the Red Cross Society of China”。故选D。
44．词义猜测题。根据“The ICRC’s emblem is a red cross on a white ground”并结合常识可知，“白底红十字”是红十字会的标志，所以可推知画线单词意为“标志”。故选D。
45．细节理解题。通读第五段可知，学生成员加入中国红十字会可以学会尊敬老人、爱护弱者并且学会对处于危险中的人进行药物治疗。故选D。
46．A 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了罗伯特·怀特博士，一位著名的教授和医生，认为他知道一种帮助大脑损伤手术的方法。他认为医生应该让大脑变得非常冷。如果天气很冷，大脑可以在没有血液的情况下存活30分钟。这就给了医生更长的时间来治疗大脑。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. ”可知大脑损伤手术的最大难度在于大脑缺血后只有3—5分钟的生存时间，所以医生没有足够的时间进行手术。故选A。
47．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“He warmed the blood again”可知他使血液又变暖了，由此推知，划线单词所在句的句意为“机器使血液冷却”。cooled为动词cool的过去式，意为“使冷却”。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.”可知通过降低大脑的温度可以延长大脑存活的时间，从而使手术成为可能。故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes.”可知大脑损伤手术的时间可以延长到30分钟。故选A。
50．细节理解题。通读第三段可知，手术步骤为机器使血液冷却（③）→把冷却的血液输送回大脑（①）→阻断血液进入大脑（②）→给大脑进行手术（④）。故选B。
51．Happiness and hope. 52．How to get on with others. 53．Be kind to you. 54．7/Seven. 55．Open the door for someone.
【导语】本文介绍的是交朋友和朋友相处好的几种技巧。
51．根据“Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives.”可知朋友带给我们幸福和生活的希望。故填Happiness and hope.
52．根据“Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others.”可知交朋友是有技巧的，第一件事就是我们得知道怎样和他人相处。故填How to get on with others.
53．根据“If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you.”可知如果你对他人好，他人也会对你好的。故填Be kind to you.
54．根据“Realize your own good points…Believe that you are a good person…Be humourous…Respect(尊敬) the others…Be kind…Don’t complain…Never give up”文章内容可知提出了七点建议。故填7/Seven.
55．开放性作答，言之有理即可。根据“Open the door for someone”可知，可以为他人开门，给其他人做一些事情。故填Open the door for someone.
56．例文：
Fellow students, we will pay a visit to the Old People’s Home this Sunday. We’ll have to meet at the school gate at 8:30 on Sunday morning and then go there by bus. There we will do some cleaning and tidy the rooms. After that we will have many activities, such as singing, dancing, telling stories and chatting to cheer up the old. Before we leave, we’ll give our presents to them.
I hope all of us can take an active part. Through the meaningful activity, we can learn to care for the old.
【详解】1.题干解读：本文主要是根据题干中的提示内容通知同学参加一次敬老院的公益活动，可适当增加细节。
2.写作指导：本文以一般将来时和第一人称为主。第一段主要讲述了这次活动的具体信息，包括时间、地点、交通方式和活动内容；第二段呼吁大家积极参与。写作时运用不同的句式和短语使文章层次清晰、逻辑清楚，做到无单词拼写和语法错误。
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