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Unit 1 Past and present
知识点梳理
Unit1 必背词组及固定搭配（Reading）
used to share food with me 过去常常和我分享食物
used to be so kind to me 过去曾经对我如此友善
over the years 多年来
transport at different times 不同时期的交通方式
It took a long time to wait for the next bus. 等下一班车等了很久。
interview him to get some information 采访他以得到一些信息
I’ve lived here since I was born. 从我出生我就住在这里。
Have you ever moved house 你搬过家吗？
in the northern part of town 在小镇北部
get married 结婚
We’ve lived in this area since then. 从那以后我们就住在这个地区。
Has the town changed a lot over the years 这个镇多年来变了很多吗？
turn part of the town centre into a new park 把镇中心的部分变成一个新公园
Was pollution a problem then 污染那时候是个问题吗？
put the waste into the river 把污水排进河里
realize the problem 意识到问题
realize the dream 实现梦想
take action to improve the situation 采取行动改善情况
in some ways 在某种程度上
move away 搬走
feel a bit lonely from time to time 时不时感到一点孤单
be a bit lonely= be a little lonely 有一点孤单
a bit of money= a little money 一些钱
tell Sandy about her interview with Mr Chen告诉Sandy她和陈先生的采访
because of being alone 由于一个人
Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
阳光镇以及发生了惊人的变化。
all his life 他的一生
What was the town like in the past 过去这个镇是什么样子的？
【复习】问外貌（3）
(1)What is he like
(2)What does he look like
(3)How does he look
Unit1 必背词组及固定搭配（Grammar）
现在完成时的用法（3）
I have lived here since I was born.(动作发生在过去并持续到现在)
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.(动作发生在过去并对现在有影响)
I have already read this book many times.(讨论目前为止某个动作发生的次数)
teach us a lot about the history of China 教授我们很多中国历史的内容
over the past century 在过去一个世纪里
past and present 过去和现在
plan to see the movie again 计划再次看电影
Unit1 必背词组及固定搭配（Integrated skills）
living conditions 生存条件
travel to and from the town by bus 坐公交车往返城镇
used to live in old buildings 过去常常住在老大楼里
move into new buildings 搬进新大楼
return from the USA 从美国返回
go abroad with her parents 和她的父母一起出国
be at primary school 在小学
keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系
make communication much easier 使沟通变得简单得多
Unit1 必背词组及固定搭配（Study skills&Task）
A river runs through the centre of town. 一条河穿镇中心而过。
have more subjects to learn 有更多的科目要去学习
spend more time on my homework than before 比之前花更多的时间在作业上
narrow and dirty roads 拥挤肮脏的道路
large open spaces 大片开阔的空地
on both sides 在两边
[复]7.in their free time=when they are free=when they have time 在他们空闲的时候
moreover= what is more 此外，更多的是
9.enjoy a comfortable life 享受舒适的生活
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．—Does your father usually go to work on ________ underground
—No, he usually goes to work by ________ bus.
A．/; the B．the; / C．the; the D．a; a
2．I am sorry I haven’t finished the housework ________.
A．yet B．already C．ever D．never
3．He likes playing tricks on others. But ________, he is a good boy. He often helps others.
A．in this way B．in some ways C．in that way D．in a word
4．Though he is ________ at home, he doesn’t feel ________, for he has many things to do.
A．alone, lonely B．lonely, alone C．alone, alone D．lonely, lonely
5．— Would you like to see the film Zootopia with us
— I’d love to! But I ________ it.
A．saw B．see C．will see D．have seen
6．During the Spring Festival, we Chinese people ___ door gods on gates, but now few families do so.
A．used to put up B．used to put in
C．were used to put up D．were used to putting in
7．Pick up your pen and draw your own originality（创意）. Maybe we will ________ a real product one day!
A．turn it on B．turn it down C．turn it off D．turn it into
8．Copying others’ homework is a bad habit of learning. ________, it is never too late for you to get out of it.
A．Instead B．Finally C．Anyway D．Similarly
9．—_______ you _______ the book _______ to the library yet
—Yes, I have.
A．Have; returned; / B．Have; returned; back C．Did; return; / D．Did; return; back
10．—Mobile phones really influence people’s life.
—________.
A．Mainly B．Exactly C．Simply D．Mostly
二、单词拼写
11．We should do our best to protect the (环境).
12．My cousin wants to go (到国外) to have a visit.
13．We decided to make an （采访）with our headmaster.
14．Have you got (结婚)
15．The wife and (丈夫) lived in a small house.
16．I (lose) my key. I can’t open the door. What should I do
17．—Have you got used to (live) here
—No, never.
18．If we teachers teach the students well, I think they will remember us all (they) lives.
19．Thanks to the Internet, the (communicate)between people becomes much easier.
20．As the saying goes, “Nothing is (possible) if you put your heart into it.”
三、短文填空
Mr Jenkins was living in the country, and one day he wanted to go to an office in the city. He found the a 21 on a letter, got i 22 his car and drove to the city. He drove straight to the office w 23 any trouble and stopped his car in f 24 of the office. He locked his car and wanted to go into the office, but suddenly he turned a 25 and went back to his car. He remembered that he had l 26 his keys in it. He phoned his w 27 , and said, “E 28 me, I’ve locked my keys in my car. Please b 29 me your keys.”
Mrs Jenkins got into their o 30 car and drove 20 miles to help him. But while Mr Jenkins was waiting for his wife, he walked around his car and tried the other door. It was not locked! He locked it quickly before his wife arrived.
四、完成句子
31．你会和我保持联系吗？
Will you me
32．她不时地想念她的老同学。
She .
33．我表弟习惯于一个人坐火车旅行，他觉得这是一种享受。
My cousin by train and he enjoyed it very much.
34．由于严重的空气污染，这座城市雾气弥漫。
The city is full of smog .
35．等下一辆公交车要花很长时间。
It took a long time the next bus.
五、完形填空
When Chinese people find out that someone comes from London, they often say, “London is a foggy city, isn’t it ” British people who visit China often have to say that London is not a foggy city at all! But if London is not foggy, 36 do so many people in China think it is In fact, London used to be a foggy city, 37 it isn’t any more. In London lots of fog came from factories, but a lot of it came from coal（煤）because people used it in their houses 38 warm during the winter. By the 1950s, air pollution had become so 39 that the government decided to do something to clean up the air. A new rule was made. It said that 40 was allowed to burn（燃烧）coal in any British city. Just a few years 41 , the air became much cleaner.
Now many Chinese cities meet the same kind of 42 with air pollution that London met forty or fifty years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to 43 . First, more of the pollution comes from big factories than from coal that people use in their houses. If these factories are suddenly closed, lots of people 44 their jobs. Second, cleaner fuels（燃料）are quite expensive. However, the air in many cities is already slowly becoming cleaner, because the government and ordinary people are trying to make pollution 45 . As a result, the air in Beijing is getting cleaner and cleaner.
36．A．what B．when C．which D．why
37．A．and B．but C．so D．or
38．A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keep
39．A．well B．good C．badly D．bad
40．A．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody
41．A．before B．ago C．later D．after
42．A．problem B．question C．accident D．discussion
43．A．find B．answer C．solve D．save
44．A．lost B．lose C．would lose D．will lose
45．A．little B．less C．much D．more
六、任务型阅读
Yesterday Susan and forty other students got wet and dirty! They worked six hours and removed rubbish from the river that runs across the city. They cleaned up the river as part of a week long environmental camp. This is the third summer for Susan and her friends to do the river cleanup. People have seen a change in this river. When the cleanup started three years ago, rubbish was everywhere in the river. But this year the students had to look for the rubbish in their boats.
Environmental scientists speak highly of the students for their work.“Rubbish in the river makes people care about the environment,”Susan says.
“I hope when others see my friends and I clean it up, maybe they will think twice before they throw rubbish into the river,” Susan added.
46．How many students removed rubbish from the river yesterday
47．How long does the environmental camp last
48．Was the situation in the river getting better or worse
49．What do environmental scientists think of the students’ work
50．Are the sentences in the passage mostly facts or opinions
七、阅读理解
Here is some information about the Yangtze River Dolphin. It makes its home in the Yangtze River. Over 20 million years ago, the Yangtze River Dolphin left the sea, swam up the Yangtze River and has lived there ever since. It has smaller eyes than other kinds of dolphins and the small size helps to protect its eyes. However, because it has such small eyes, it cannot use its eyes to look for food. Instead, this kind of dolphin uses sound waves (声波) to look for food. This makes it so unusual.
In the past, there were thousands of dolphins in the Yangtze River, but today, not many people can see the dolphins. The number has decreased greatly. Scientists say that the number of the dolphins has gone down because the population (人口) along the Yangtze River has gone up. They also say that the new dam (大坝) across the river is also making the dolphins die because they don’t have food to eat. Scientists have tried different ways to save this “panda in the water”, but nothing has helped. What would you do to save this kind of dolphin if you had a chance
51．The Yangtze River Dolphin lives ________.
A．in the Yellow River B．in the Nile River C．in the Yangtze River D．in the Huaihe River
52．We can also call the Yangtze River Dolphin “________”.
A．panda in the sky B．panda on the moon C．panda in the zoo D．panda in the water
53．What makes the Yangtze River Dolphin different from other dolphins
A．Its big nose. B．Its small eyes. C．Its small ears. D．Its small mouth.
54．Why does the number of Yangtze River Dolphins become smaller and smaller
A．There is a new dam across the river.
B．The population along the Yangtze River has gone up.
C．It has smaller eyes.
D．Both A and B．
55．Which is the best title for this passage
A．The Yangtze River B．The Yangtze River Dolphin
C．Population problems D．The rising of the population
A famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university.At the start of the school year，the teachers were given the names of five children.They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class.But the fact was that these students were only average，and they were not the best students at all.Well，guess what？At the end of the year，all the five average students scored among the highest in the class.
What made these average students change so much to become top students？The only difference was the change in their teachers' attitude.Because the teachers believed that these five kids were top students，they expected more from them.And so these five average students became to believe and expect more from themselves.So they worked harder to do as well as they could.
Do you know？If you expect the best from people，they'll usually want to give you their best.A great leader said，“Treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside，and you'll make him even worse.But treat a person like he's already a success，and you'll help make him the best he can be.”
Like the true story of 7 year old Johnny，his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said.“Johnny，you're the naughtiest(最调皮的)boy in this class.I'm sure you'll never change.”The next year Johnny had a new teacher.And on the first day of class，she met with Johnny after school and said.“Johnny，I've heard a lot about you！But do you know that I don't believe a word of it？”And every day after that，this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things.Later on，Johnny became a school leader，because that's the power of our belief and attitude towards children.
56．The professor started his research by ________．
A．telling the five students to work harder than ever before
B．teaching the five children himself
C．telling the teachers that the five students were the best in the class
D．asking the five children to find a new teacher
57．The five average students became top students mainly because of ________．
A．the professor's study
B．the change in the professor's attitude
C．the teachers' hard work
D．the change in the teachers' attitude
58．Why did the writer tell us the story of 7 year old Johnny
A．To show the importance of encouragement
B．To show that the boy was clever enough.
C．To let us know the famous boy.
D．To let us know how good his new teacher was.
59．According to the story，we can learn that ________．
A．the research began at the end of the school year
B．the students scored highest only because they worked hard
C．if you expect the most from people，you'll get the least
D．little Johnny liked his new teacher very much
60．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．If you want to get more，you should have new teachers.
B．Attitude and belief can change a person.
C．A professor's study can help you score highest.
D．Only teachers can make you a top student.
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《Unit 1 Past and present 知识点梳理 提升训练 -- 牛津译林版 八年级英语下册》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B A B A D A D C A B
题号 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案 D B A D C C A C D B
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 C D B D B C D A D B
1．B
【详解】句意：——你父亲通常乘地铁上班吗？——不，他通常乘公共汽车去上班。
考查冠词的用法。on the underground“乘坐地铁”，by bus“乘坐公交车”，故选B。
2．A
【详解】句意：对不起，我还没有做完家务。
考查副词辨析。yet还，尚且；already已经；ever曾经；never从不。根据“I haven’t finished the housework...”可知，表示还没完成，本句是现在完成时的否定句，用yet。not...yet“还没”。故选A。
3．B
【详解】句意：他喜欢捉弄别人。但在某些方面，他是个好孩子。他经常帮助别人。
考查副词短语辨析。in this way这样；in some ways在某些方面；in that way那样；in a word总而言之。根据“He likes playing tricks on others. But..., he is a good boy. He often helps others.”可知，虽然他喜欢捉弄人，但他在某些方面，还是个好孩子，例如经常帮助人，B选项“在某些方面”符合语境。故选B。
4．A
【详解】句意：虽然他一个人在家，但他并不感到孤独，因为他有很多事情要做。
考查形容词的用法。alone“独自的”，形容词，不带感彩；lonely“孤独的”，形容词，有感彩。根据“Though he is ... at home”可知，第一空表示他独自一人在家，应用alone；再根据“he doesn’t feel ... for he has many things to do.”可知，第二空表示他不感到孤单，应用lonely表示。故选A。
5．D
【详解】句意：——你想和我们一起去看电影《疯狂动物城》吗？——我想去！但我已经看过了。
考查现在完成时态。答语表示已经看过这部电影了，强调已经完成的动作，要用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选D。
6．A
【详解】句意“在春节期间，我们每个中国人过去常常在门口贴门神，现在几乎没有家庭这么做了”。used to do过去常常做某事；be used to doing习惯于做某事，排除C和D。put up张贴；put in放入。根据句意，故选A。
点睛：与put有关的短语
put away把……收拾好 put down写下，放下
put off推迟，拖延 put on穿上，上演，增重
put out扑灭，熄灭 put up张贴，搭建，举起，留宿
put sth to good use好好利用
7．D
【详解】句意：拿起你的笔，画出你自己的创意。也许有一天我们会把它变成一个真正的产品！
考查短语辨析。turn it on打开它；turn it down拒绝它；turn it off关掉它；turn it into把它变成。根据“a real product”可知，把你的创意变成一种产品，故选D。
8．C
【详解】句意：抄别人的作业是一种不好的学习习惯。不管怎样，对你来说，摆脱它永远都不晚。
考查副词辨析。Instead反而；Finally最后；Anyway尽管如此，不管怎样；Similarly类似地。根据“it is never too late for you to get out of it.”可知，此处和前句之间有转折关系，应用Anyway。故选C。
9．A
【详解】句意：——你把书还给图书馆了吗？——是的，我还了。
考查现在完成时和动词用法。根据return归还，give back归还，所以排除B、D；根据yet可知用现在完成时态；故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：——手机确实影响着人们的生活。——正是如此。
考查副词辨析。Mainly“首要地”；Exactly“（在答语中表示赞同）正是如此”；Simply“仅仅”；Mostly“主要地”；四个选项均为副词。根据“Mobile phones really influence people’s life.”可知，手机确实影响着人们的生活，这个说法对方表示很认同，B选项“正是如此”符合语境。故选B。
11．environment
【详解】句意：我们应该尽我们所能保护环境。environment“环境”，名词作宾语。故填environment。
12．abroad
【详解】句意：我表弟想到国外看看。abroad“到国外”，副词，修饰动词。故填abroad。
13．interview
【详解】句意：我们决定采访我们的校长。采访“interview”，可数名词。根据“an”可知，此处应用单数。故填interview。
14．married
【详解】句意：你结婚了么？get married“结婚”，固定搭配，所以此处应用married。故填married。
15．husband
【详解】句意：这对夫妻俩住在一间小屋里。husband“丈夫”，可数名词。根据“The wife”可知，此处应用单数。故填husband。
16．have lost
【详解】句意：我丢了钥匙。我打不开门。我该怎么办？根据“I can’t open the door.”可知，丢了钥匙所以打不开门，丢钥匙的动作发生在过去，强调过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，应用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语是I，助动词用have，lose的过去分词为lost。故填have lost。
17．living
【详解】句意：——你习惯于住在这里了吗？——不，从来没有。live“住，生活”，动词。get used to表示“习惯于”，to为介词，后面跟名词或动名词。故填living。
18．their
【详解】句意：如果我们教师把学生教好的话，我认为学生会一辈子记得我们。根据“all...lives”以及所给的词汇可知，此处应用their，表示“他们的”。故填their。
19．communication
【详解】句意：多亏了网络，人与人之间的沟通变得越来越容易。根据“the...between people”以及所给的词汇可知，此处应用communication，表示“沟通”。communication“沟通”，名词。故填communication。
20．impossible
【详解】句意：俗话说：“如果你全心投入，就没有什么是不可能的。”根据“if you put your heart into it”可知没有什么是不可能的，空格处缺少形容词作表语，应填possible的反义词impossible，故填impossible。
21．(a)ddress 22．(i)nto 23．(w)ithout 24．(f)ront 25．(a)round 26．(l)ocked 27．(w)ife 28．(E)xcuse 29．(b)ring 30．(o)ther
【导语】本文主要讲述了詹金斯先生开车去城里，到达以后，发现车钥匙被锁进车里，于是打电话要妻子送车钥匙，结果在等的过程中，发现车并没有锁，怕引起误会，在妻子到达之前，就赶紧把车锁了起来。
21．句意：他在一封信上找到了地址，上了车，开车去了城里。根据前句“and one day he wanted to go to an office in the city.”和首字母提示可知，应是在一封信上找到了地址，故空处应是address“地址”，可数名词；根据空前the可知，此处表示特指，故应用单数形式。故填(a)ddress。
22．句意：他在一封信上找到了地址，上了车，开车去了城里。根据空后“and drove to the city.”和首字母提示，应是先上了车，故空处应是into“进入到”。故填(i)nto。
23．句意：他毫不费事地直接开车去了办公室，并在办公室前面停下了车。根据空前“He drove straight to the office”和首字母提示可知，应是毫不费事地直接开车去了办公室，故空处应是without“没有”。故填(w)ithout，
24．句意：他毫不费事地直接开车去了办公室，并在办公室前面停下了车。in front of“在……前面”，固定短语。故填(f)ront。
25．句意：但他突然转过身，回到自己的车上。根据前句“He locked his car and wanted to go into the office,”和空后句“and went back to his car.”以及首字母提示可知，应是突然转过身，故空处应是around，turn around“转身”。故填(a)round。
26．句意：他记得他把钥匙锁在里面了。根据下文“I’ve locked my keys in my car.”和首字母提示可知，应是记得他把钥匙锁在里面了，故空处应是lock“锁”，动词；根据空前had的提示可知，句子应是过去完成时，构成形式为：had done，lock的过去分词是locked。故填(l)ocked。
27．句意：他给妻子打了电话。根据后句“Please b… me your keys.”和首字母提示可知，应是给妻子打了电话，故空处应是wife“妻子”，可数名词，根据空前his可知，名词应用单数形式。故填(w)ife。
28．句意：对不起，我把钥匙锁在车里了。excuse me“对不起”，固定搭配。故填(E)xcuse。
29．句意：请把你的钥匙带给我。根据前句“I’ve locked my keys in my car.”和首字母提示可知，应是把你的钥匙带给我，故空处应是bring“带来”，动词，句子是祈使句，Please后加动词原形。故填(b)ring。
30．句意：詹金斯太太上了另一辆车，开了20英里来帮助他。根据上文詹金斯先生已经开一辆车来到城市里和后句“and drove 20 miles to help him.”以及首字母提示可知，应是詹金斯太太上了另一辆车，故空处应是other“其他的”。故填(o)ther。
31．keep in touch with/stay in touch with
【详解】固定短语keep/stay in touch with“和……保持联系”，且will后加动词原形，故填keep/stay in touch with。
32．misses her old classmates from time to time
【详解】“想念”为miss，动词；“她的老同学”为her old classmates；“不时”为from time to time。结合语境可知，此题为一般现在时，主语“She”是第三人称单数形式，故动词应用单三式。故填misses her old classmates from time to time。
33．was used to travelling alone/got used to travelling alone
【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处应填入意为“习惯于一个人坐火车旅行”的短语。be/get used to doing习惯于做……，travell旅行，alone独自。根据语境可知，此处说的是过去发生的事且主语为“cousin”，故be动词应用was，动词get应用got，动词travell应用ing形式。故填was/got used to travelling alone。
34．because of the serious air pollution
【详解】because of “由于”，后接名词或名词短语；serious“严重的” ；air pollution“空气污染”。故填because of the serious air pollution。
35．to wait for
【详解】It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth“花费某人时间做某事”，wait for“等待”，故填to wait for。
36．D 37．B 38．A 39．D 40．C 41．C 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B
【导语】本文主要谈论了大气污染问题。伦敦一直被人们称作雾都，但是现在情况变了，伦敦不再是雾都，而中国的许多城市因为污染成为新的雾都，而在政府和人们的努力下，中国的污染问题也在逐渐好转。
36．句意：但如果伦敦没有雾，为什么那么多中国人会这么认为呢？
what什么；when什么时候；which哪一个；why为什么。根据“When Chinese people find out that someone comes from London...But if London is not foggy”和“do so many people in China think it is”可知，此处表示，如果伦敦没有雾，为什么那么多中国人会这么认为呢，询问原因。故选D。
37．句意：事实上，伦敦过去是一个多雾的城市，但现在不是了。
and并且；but但是；so所以；or或者，否则。根据“London used to be a foggy city”和“it isn’t any more”可知，空格前后为转折关系。故选B。
38．句意：在伦敦，很多雾来自工厂，但也有很多来自煤，因为冬天人们在家里用煤取暖。
to keep保持，动词不定式；keeping现在分词或动名词；kept过去式或过去分词；keep动词原形。根据“people used it”可知，use sth. to do...“用某物来做某事”，故应用动词不定式。故选A。
39．句意：到了20世纪50年代，空气污染变得如此严重，政府决定做点什么来净化空气。
well好，副词；good好的，形容词；badly糟糕地，副词；bad糟糕的，严重的，形容词。根据“the government decided to do something to clean up the air”可知，空气污染变得很严重，根据“had become”可知，空格处应用形容词作表语。故选D。
40．句意：它规定，在英国任何城市都不允许烧煤。
somebody某人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人。结合语境和“was allowed to burn（燃烧）coal in any British city”可知，没有人被允许烧煤，故应用nobody。故选C。
41．句意：仅仅几年之后，空气就变得干净多了。
before在……之前，后接时间；ago在……之前，前面接时间；later在……之后，前面接时间；after在……之后，后面接时间。根据“By the 1950s, air pollution had become...was allowed to burn（燃烧）coal in any British city”和“the air became much cleaner”可知，是几年后空气变干净多了，根据“a few years”可知，时间+later“在……之后”。故选C。
42．句意：现在许多中国城市都遇到了四五十年前伦敦遇到的空气污染问题。
problem问题，棘手的问题；question问题，有疑问的问题；accident意外，事故；discussion讨论。根据“with air pollution”和“this problem”可知，是遇到了空气污染问题，应用problem。故选A。
43．句意：然而，这一问题对于中国城市来说更难解决。
find发现，找到；answer回答；solve解决；save拯救。根据“this problem”可知，solve the problem“解决这个问题”。故选C。
44．句意：如果这些工厂突然关闭，许多人将失去工作。
lost失去，过去式或过去分词；lose动词原形；would lose过去将来时；will lose一般将来时。根据“If these factories are suddenly closed”可知，句子为条件状语从句，此时应遵循“主将从现”原则，故应用一般将来时。故选D。
45．句意：然而，许多城市的空气已经慢慢变干净了，因为政府和普通人都在努力减少污染。
little少的；less更少；much多；more更多。根据“the air in many cities is already slowly becoming cleaner, because the government and ordinary people are trying to make pollution”可知，政府和普通人都在努力让污染变得比以前更少，应用比较级“更少”less。故选B。
46．Forty-one./41. 47．A week. 48．It was getting better./Better. 49．It was great./They speak highly of their work. 50．They are mostly facts.
【导语】本文讲述了苏珊和其它同学参加为期一周的环保夏令营活动，为穿过城市的河流清理垃圾，并希望他们的行动能影响到更多的人，增强大家保护环境的意识。
46．根据文章第一段第一、二句“Yesterday Susan and forty other students... removed rubbish from the river that runs across the city.”可知，昨天苏珊和其他四十个学生清理河里的垃圾，故总共四十一个学生。故答案为Forty-one./41.
47．根据第一段第三句“They cleaned up the river as part of a week long environmental camp.”可知，他们把清理河流作为一周环境野营的一部分，故环境野营持续一周。故答案为A week.
48．根据文章第一段最后“People have seen a change in this river. ...But this year the students had to look for the rubbish in their boats. ”可知，河流发生了很大的变化，以前垃圾到处都是，现在学生们必须坐船寻找垃圾，故推测河流的环境变得越来越好了。故答案为It was getting better./Better.
49．根据文章第二段第一句“ Environmental scientists speak highly of the students for their work.” 可知，环境科学家对学生们的工作评价很高。故答案为It was great./They speak highly of their work.
50．本文第一、二段叙述环境野营时清理垃圾的事实，最后一段表达了一下苏珊的希望。所以大篇幅都是在讲事实。故答案为They are mostly facts.
51．C 52．D 53．B 54．D 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长江豚的生活环境，它不寻常的原因，及现在长江豚减少的原因，最后希望我们提出一些合理建议来救助长江豚。
51．判断推理题。根据“Here is some information about the Yangtze River Dolphin. It makes its home in the Yangtze River.”可知，长江豚以长江为家，可推测长江豚生活在长江。故选C。
52．判断推理题。根据“Scientists have tried different ways to save this “panda in the water”, but nothing has helped.”可知，科学家们尝试了不同的方法来拯救这个“水中的熊猫”，但没有任何帮助，可推测科学家拯救“水中熊猫”——长江豚。故选D。
53．判断推理题。根据“It has smaller eyes than other kinds of dolphins and the small size helps to protect its eyes...This makes it so unusual.”可知，它的眼睛比其他种类的海豚小，小眼睛使得它不能用眼睛寻找食物，所以它们是利用声波寻找食物的，这使得它们不同寻常，可推测长江豚的小眼睛使得它们与其他海豚不同。故选B。
54．判断推理题。根据“ Scientists say that the number of the dolphins has gone down because the population along the Yangtze River has gone up. They also say that the new dam across the river is also making the dolphins die because they don’t have food to eat.”可知，科学家们认为由于长江沿岸的人口数量增加，使得长江豚数量减少了，还有就是河对岸新建水坝，使得长江豚没有了食物，导致它们死亡，可推测长江沿岸人口数量增加和河对岸新建水坝是使得长江豚数量减少的原因。故选D。
55．标题归纳题。本文通篇介绍了长江豚的情况。故选B。
56．C 57．D 58．A 59．D 60．B
【分析】试题分析：本文叙述了对待一个人的信念和态度会改变一个人。一所大学的一个著名教授做了一项研究，给老师们五名学生，被告知是优秀的学生，实际上是普通学生。因为老师对他们的期望高，促使他们自己更加努力，最后成为优秀学生。同样老师相信学生有能力学好，也会促使学生进步的。
56．C
细节理解题。根据文中句子“They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class.”可知教师们被告知这五个学生是班里最优秀的学生。答案为C。
57．D
细节理解题。根据The only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude.可知普通学生之所以变成优秀的学生是因为他们的老师的态度的变化。故选D。
58．A
概括归纳题。根据Because that’s the power of our belief and attitude toward children.可知对待一个人的信念和态度会改变一个人的，表明鼓励的重要性，故答案选A。
59．D
推理判断题。根据短文中的句子“this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things.”新老师对待约翰的态度发生了改变，相信他，鼓励他，后来取得了成功，可以判断约翰非常喜欢这位新老师，故答案为D。
60．B
主旨大意题。根据调查内容，普通的学生，因为老师对他们的期望高，促使他们自己更加努力，最后成为优秀学生；同样老师相信学生有能力学好，也会促使学生进步，故答案为B。
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