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(共20张PPT)
Period 2 Learning About Language
The infinitive of the verb as the predicative
Unit 1 Art
1.Enable the Students to master the usage of the infinitive of the verb as the predicative.
2.Enable the Students to use the relevant grammar flexibly and authentically in the real situation.
Learning Aims
观察课文例句，总结to do sth. 的用法。
1. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
2.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
3. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene.
动词不定式在句子中作表语。
Lead in
基本构成 定义
To do sth
不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。
二 Infinitives as the predicative
动词不定式作表语
What is a predicative
表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，常位于系动词之后
example sentences:
She looks much younger in her red dress.
They seem to have misunderstood me.
The meat will stay fresh for several days in the fridge.
He never keeps angry for a long time.
What is a copula
系动词，只称系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。在英语中，系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
系动词分为五种
1、状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,而且主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。这是我们最常见的系动词。
She is very beautiful.
她非常漂亮。
2、持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3、感官动词
感官动词主要有feel,sound,seem, smell, sound, taste,appear, look等
He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.
我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
She felt as if her head were splitting.
她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.
那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
4、变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that.
自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
5、终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意.
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult.
搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
动词不定式(短语)作表语的用法
1.主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, purpose, the way
等为中心的名词词组时,或者以what引导的名词性分句表示,一般用动词不定
式作表语说明主语的内容。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
(2024·九省联考)Her job was to make sure the tanks were free of any items so that the trainers could train the dolphins to fetch specific items. 她的工作是确保水箱里没有任何物品，这样驯兽师就可以训练海豚获取特定的物品。
(2023·全国甲卷)And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to
practice. 我们要养成等待的习惯,唯一的方法就是练习。
2.表示目的。
The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
3.表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果及预言。
You must speak out，if we are to remain friends.
如果我们还想做朋友，你必须说出来。
We believe man is to live a better life in the future.
我们相信人类将来会过上更好的生活。
4.用于被动语态,相当于can/could, should, ought to, must,具有情态意义。
The regulations are to be observed.(must)
这些规定必须遵守。
You are to be rewarded.(should)
你会得到奖赏的。
5.表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止”等。
They are to marry next week.他们将于下周结婚。(安排)
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.
如果你想成功，你必须有耐心和毅力。(愿望)
You are to have a face-to-face talk with them.你要和他们面对面地谈谈。(劝告)
Children are not to smoke. 儿童不允许吸烟。（禁止）
6.动词不定式(短语)作表语时,可用主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for the fire 这场火灾该怪谁？
The house is to let.这个房子出租。
动词不定式(短语)作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略,但在以下几种情况下可省略不定式符号to:
1. all作主句主语,其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
All we need to do is live each day with hope.
我们要做的就是带着希望度过每一天。
2.what引导的从句作主语,从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.我想马上去度假。
3.(主句)主语被only,first,one,least或形容词最高级修饰,且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上他做的唯一一件事就是看报纸。
动词不定式(短语)作表语和v-ing (短语)作表语的区别
1.动词不定式(短语)和v-ing(短语)作表语时,要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2.动词不定式(短语)和v-ing(短语)作表语时可换用,但以下情况除外:
(1)当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时,通常用动词不定式(短语)作表语。
Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
她最大的愿望是把她的新想法付诸实践。
(2)若动词所表达的并不强调动作,而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing(短语)作表语。
My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
What I hate most is being laughed at.我最讨厌被人嘲笑。
1.When I was 13, my only purpose was _____________(become) the star on our football team.
2.These books_________________(sell);it's better to donate them to a school.
3.It's said that they _____________(attend) an important academic conference next week.
4.Don't worry. What you need to do _____________(have) a good sleep.
5.The first thing I do every morning______________(take) exercise.
to become
are not to be sold
are to attend
is (to) have
is (to) take
Exercise
Ⅰ单句语法填空
6.The most meaningful thing he wants to do_______________ (help) the poor.
7. (2024·九省联考)Their first choice is ____________(take) flight.
8.What I suggest ____________(start) work at once.
9.One of her hobbies ____________(collect ) stamps.
10.I think it is your brother who ___________ (blame) for the accident.
is (to) help
to take
is to start
is collecting
is to blame
Ⅱ完成句子
1.The young singer’s intention of performing the song was __________________________ __________________
2.The best way to do business is ____________________________________________
3.What the survivors attempted to do was ___________________________________
__________
to share his love for rock music with his fans.
（和他的歌迷们分享他对摇滚音乐的热爱。）
to build trust between you and your client.
（建立你和客户之间的信任。）
（建造一座纪念碑纪念那些拯救了他们生命的英雄们。）
to build a memorial to the heroes who save
their lives.
谢谢观看
2025

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