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(共27张PPT)
过去分词（The Past Participle ）
One day, Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree, reading. Suddenly
a falling apple hit him.
Oh, there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on the grass.
One day, Xiao Niu was sitting under a tree, reading. Suddenly
a falling apple hit him.
Oh, there was a fallen apple and many fallen leaves on grass.
sitting
was
was
hit
reading
falling
fallen
fallen



谓语
predicate
非谓语
non-predicate
Can you tell the predicate verbs and non-predicate verbs of them？
I.基本形式和意义
动词的-ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的-ed形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-ed形式和宾语或状语一起构成-ed分词短语.动词-ed形式的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.
(2)I bought some painted chairs.
(3)He lives in the house built by his father.
(4)Have you read this book written by LuXun？
1. 单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
(1)He is one of those invited.
(2)Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.
(3)He wanted to interview someone related to
the matter.
2.过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
a broken heart
a lost dog
a risen sun
an organized trip
a broken glass
一颗破碎的心
丧家之犬
已升起的太阳
一次有组织的旅行
一个破玻璃杯
Practice: please analyze the functions of the past participles
在既定的时间内
用所给的单词
被通缉的人
被聘工人
关切的神情
有关人士
in the given time
with the words given
a wanted person
workers wanted
a concerned look
the people concerned
{
{
{
boiling water
= water that is boiling
boiled water
=water that has boiled
正在沸腾的水
已经沸腾过的水
polluted water printed articles
已经被污染的水
已经被打印的文章
a.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代 词前面
II、过去分词作定语的位置
a broken heart
一颗破碎的心
已升起的太阳
the risen sun
b. 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
1. People exposed to COVID-19
2. the book recommended by Jack
3. the machines produced last year
= people who were exposed to COVID-19
= the book which was recommended by Jack
= the machines which were produced last year
Practice: 把过去分词做定语改为定语从句
1） The question discussed at the meeting was very important.
= The question ________________________ was very important.
which had been discussed at the meeting
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。
2） The United States is a developed country.
= The United Stated is a country ______________________ .
which has developed
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。
3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there
= Have you noticed the bridge
______________________ there
which is being built
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。
1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
{
What a surprising result!
I am surprised at what he said.
{
Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。
Fill in the blanks with the right form.
1.I had nothing to do. I was ______(bore) and lonely.
2.Jack looked even more _________(amaze) than he felt.
3.The results were very ______________(disappoint).
4.I was thanked by the __________ (satisfy) customer.
amazed
bored
disappointing
satisfied
The window is broken.
The window was broken by the boy.
Conclusion: be + 过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。
2. 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别
Compare:
{
4.动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that 引导的宾语从句。
e.g.: He is very much disappointed at the result.
The mother was pleased to hear from her son.
I’m satisfied that you didn’t tell me a lie.
过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别
ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？
1. The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed with the result of the test.
2. The story is very interesting .
He is interested in the book.
3. The result is quite surprising !
I am surprised at what he said.
归纳：V-ing 形式表示“令人……的”
V-ed 形式表示“某人感到……的”
Compete the sentences using the right form of the given verb.
I had nothing to do. I was __________ (bore) and lonely.
Jack looked even more _______ (amaze) than he felt.
The results were very _____________(disappoint).
I was thanked by the _____________ (satisfy) customer.
bored
amazed
disappointing
satisfied
Practice
什么是宾语补足语？
We think him clever.
Everyone calls him monitor.
They think the answer correct.
三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。
什么是宾语补足语？
We think him clever.
主+谓+宾+宾补
Everyone calls him monitor.
They think the answer correct.
什么是宾语补足语？
We think him clever.
主+谓+宾+宾补
Everyone calls him monitor.
主+谓+宾+宾补
They think the answer correct.
什么是宾语补足语？
We think him clever.
主+谓+宾+宾补
Everyone calls him monitor.
主+谓+宾+宾补
They think the answer correct.
主+谓+宾+宾补
1. 作时间状语
Told of his mother’s accident, Jack phoned the hospital.
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.
When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.
2. 作原因状语
Caught in the rain, he had a fever.
Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.
Step Ⅳ used as Adverbial
3. 作条件状语
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
Cleared, this site would be very valuable.
The house will look bigger if painted white.
She will gladly come to your house if invited.
4. 作让步状语
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
Though told to stop, he kept on walking.
Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.
5. 作方式状语
I am returning your letter as requested.
He was walking sadly as if injured.
6. 作伴随状语
Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.
A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks.
Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
3. Having studied hard, he succeeded in passing the final exam.
4. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
Conclusion: 1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。
2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可
表示 “完成”和 “被动”,但前者更加强调
分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。
7.动词的 –ed形式与-ing 形式作状语的区别：
doing
having done
done
having been done
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生
The differences (used as Adverbial)
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Thanks for your attention!

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