资源简介

Unit 6
知识点梳理
课本单词
序号 单词 音标 词性 释义
49. changer / t e nd / n. 改变者;改进者
50. scientist / sa nt st/ n. 科 学 家
51. change /t e nd / v.&n. 改变;变化
52. publish / p bl / v. 出版;发行
53. theory / θ ri/ n. 学说;理论
54. invent / n vent/ v. 发明;创造
55. inexpensive / n k spens v/ adj. 廉价的; 不昂贵的
56. bulb /b lb/ n. 电灯泡
57. discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 发 现
58. general / d enr l/ adj. 全体的; 普遍的;总的
59. video / v di / n. 录像;录影
60. smart /smɑ t/ adj. 聪明的; 机敏的
61. inventor / n vent (r)/ n. 发明者; 发明家
62. real / ri l/ adj. 真正的
63. power / pa (r)/ n. 电;电力供应
64. power station / pa ste n/ 发电站;发电厂
65. die /da / v. 死 亡
66. successful /s k sesfl/ adj. 达到目的的;有成效的;获得成功的
67. invention / n ven n/ n. 发明;创造
68. saver / se v (r)/ n. 救助者;救星
69. medicine / medsn/ n. 药
70. spend /spend/ v. 花(时间);度过
71. sick /s k/ adj. 生病的; 有病的
72. penicillin / pen s l n/ n. 青霉素;盘尼西林
73. soldier / s ld (r)/ n. 军人;士兵
74. lose /lu z/ v. 遗失;丢失
75. admire / d ma (r)/ v. 钦佩;赞赏;仰慕
76. herb /h b/ n. 药草;香草
77. pardon / pɑ dn/ excl. 请再说一遍
78. pain /pe n/ n. 疼痛
79. beg /beɡ/ v. 乞讨; 乞求
80. begyour pardon 请原谅; 请再说一遍
81. storyteller / st ritel (r)/ n. 讲故事的人
82. poem / p m/ n. 诗
83. act / kt/ v. 表 演
84. poor /p (r)/ adj. 贫穷的
85. tragedy / tr d di/ n. 悲惨的事;不幸;灾难
86. create /kri e t/ v. 创造;创作
87. character / k r kt (r)/ n. 角色
88. stage /ste d / n. 舞 台
89. million / m lj n/ num. 一百万
90. millions of 数以百万计的;很多
91. mark /mɑ k/ v. /n. 做记号;做标记//标记;记号
92. level / levl/ n. 水平;标准
93. until / n t l/ con j. (=till)直到....为止
94. weigh /we / v. 称重量;权衡
95. weight /we t/ n. 重量;分量
96. stamp /st mp/ n. 邮票
重点短语表达
1.发表引力理论publish the theory of gravity 2.闯人房屋break into a house
3.创办第一所护士学校start the first school for nurses 4.失去生命lose one's life
5.发明一种既安全又便宜的灯泡 6.种植世界上第一批杂交水稻
invent a safe and inexpensive light bulb grow the world's first hybrid rice plants
7.开第一个电站赚钱 8.成功地完成了他的第一个发明
open the first power station to make money make his first successful invention
9.一本关于中医的名著 10.因它的当地小吃而闻名
a famous book on Traditional Chinese Medicine is famous for its local snacks
11.照顾病人take care of sick people 12.尝试写剧本try writing plays
13.最伟大的发明之一one of the greatest inventions 14.种植杂交水稻grow hybrid rice
15.发表一篇关于广义相对论的论文 16.创造许多独特的角色
publish a paper on the theory of general relativity create many unique characters
17.数以百万计的书millions of books 18.获得诺贝尔奖win the Nobel Prize
19.历史上的名人famous people in history 20.直到最后until the end
21.发表万有引力理论publish the theory of gravity 22.到达标记reach the mark
23.经历和成就experiences and achievements 24.另外两个科学家two other scientists
25.在17世纪10年代初in the early 1610s 26.把石头放在船上put rocks on the boat
27.一个聪明的发明家a smart inventor 28在舞台上on the stage
29.分享关于莎士比亚的简短传记 30.带来很多新想法和思想
share a short biography about Shakespeare bring a lot of new ideas and thoughts
31.一次到多伦路的出游an outing to Duolun Road 32.帮助治疗癌症help treat cancer
33.获得诺贝尔化学奖 34.发明一个不贵的灯泡
win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry invent an inexpensive light bulb
35.为邮票俱乐部设计邮票 36.一间中式茶馆
design stamps for the stamp club a Chinese-style tea house
37.让角色栩栩如生bring characters to life 38.以减肥to lose weight
39.照顾这些孩子take care of/look after the children 40.关于…..…的讲座a lecture on ...
41.花费一个月帮助spend a month helping 42.改变我的想法changed my mind
43.在历史上in history 44.伟大的科学家great scientists
45.发明电灯泡invent the light bulb 46.改变世界的人world changer
47.在二战期间during World War Ⅱ 48.发现青霉discover penicillin
49.救一名士兵save a soldier 50.丧生lose one's life
51.在16世纪80年代末in the late 1580s 52.碰碰运气try one's luck
53.标记水位mark the level of the water 54.使……生动起来bring…to life
句子翻译
1.牛顿于1687年发表了万有引力理论。(publish) Newton published the theory of gravity in 1687.
2.爱迪生在纽约成功地完成了他的第一项发明。(invention)
Edison made his first successful invention in New York.
3.南丁格尔一生都在照顾病人。(spend)
Nightingale spent her life taking care of/looking after the sick people.
4.人们喜欢他的戏剧，因为他创造了许多独特的人物，并把他们带到舞台上。(create)
People loved his plays,because he created many unique characters and brought them to life on the stage.
5.他让一些人把石头放在船上，直到水达到标记处。(until)
He asked some people to put rocks on the boat until the water reached the mark.
6.他决定要成为一名发明家。(inventor) He decided to become an inventor.
7.我认为他将会成功。(successful) I think he is going to be successful
8.我看电视花的时间太多。(spend) I spend too much time watching television/TV.
9.我会在外面等到会议结束。(until)I'll wait outside until the meeting's over.
10.我们必须立即采取行动。(take action) We must take action at once.
11.在平底锅里将西红柿和油加热。(heat) Heat the tomatoes and oil in a
pan.
12.两国之间的贸易在去年增长了。(increase)Trade between the two countries increased last year.
13.他去年写过几本关于印度的书。(several)He wrote several books about India last year.
14.王一鸣正在看关于改变世界的名人的网页。
Wang Yiming is looking at a web page about famous world changers.
15.爱迪生开设了第一家发电站来赚钱。Edison opened the first power station to make money.
16.白求恩在二战中救了很多中国士兵。Bethune saved many Chinese soldiers during World War II.
17.在《本草纲目》中有1892种不同的药草。There are 1892 different herbs in Bencao Gangmu.
18.莎士比亚在16世纪80年代末去伦敦碰碰运气。
Shakespeare went to London to try his luck in the late 1580s.
19.莎士比亚创作了许多角色，并使他们栩栩如生。
Shakespeare created many characters and brought them to life.
20.他的作品让我们笑，让我们哭，让我们思考。 His works make us laugh,cry and think.
21.这头大象有多重 How heavy is this elephant
22.他命人在船的一边标记水位。He asked someone to mark the level of the water on its side.
23.他们称了石头的重量，得到了大象的重量。They weighed the rocks and got the elephant's weight.
24.爱迪生是世界上最有名的发明家之一。(inventor)
Edison is one of the most famous inventors in the world.
妈妈花费了一小时做了一个蛋糕。(spend) Mum spent one hour making a cake.
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．There ________ a book and two pens on the desk.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
2．There ________ a lot of flowers and trees in our school last year.
A．were B．was C．are D．is
3．Look! There ________ some birds singing in the tree.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
4．There ________ no milk in the fridge. Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some.
A．is B．are C．isn’t D．aren’t
5．He is famous ________ a great scientist. What he discovered changed the world.
A．as B．for C．to D．by
6．The city is well-known ________ its beautiful beaches and delicious seafood.
A．as B．for C．to D．by
7．She is famous ________ her acting skills. Many people admire her performances.
A．as B．for C．to D．of
8．The singer is well-known ________ her fans all over the world.
A．as B．for C．to D．by
9．—The Yangtze River is more than 6,300 kilometres long and it is the third longest river in the world.
—How long I didn’t quite ________ that.
A．listen B．hear C．see D．catch
10．—Our telephone number is 629***69. Please contact us when you need help.
—________
A．Pardon
B．Please repeat it one more time.
C．Please say that again.
D．Thank you for your kindness.
二、单词拼写
11．To my surprise, this watch is / n k spens v/ at all.
12．In /'d enr l/, the film we saw yesterday was exciting.
13．Hamlet is one of the four /'tr d Idiz/ written by William Shakespeare.
14．There are a lot of interesting / 'k r kt z/ in this story.
15．Linda usually doesn’t begin watching TV / n t l/ she finishes all the homework.
16．After a long search, they made a great (discover) in the forest.
17．Qu Yuan was a great Chinese (poem) who loved his country very much.
18．Tom hurt his ankle by accident and he felt very (pain).
19．The (die) of our pet dog made all of us cry.
20．The (publish) of this book marks the starting point of the writer’s career.
21．I cannot express my (admire) for her bravery and determination.
三、完成句子
22．There is some orange juice in the bottle.（改为否定句）
There orange juice in the bottle.
23．There are many students playing basketball on the playground. (为否定句)
There students playing basketball on the playground.
24．There are many trees and flowers in the school garden. (改为一般疑问句)
many trees and flowers in the school garden
25．Shanghai is famous for its beautiful night views.（改为同义句）
Shanghai is its beautiful night views.
26．how, lived, After, people, the, wrote, tragedy, a, writer, seeing, poor (连词成句)
.
四、短文填空
After winning gold in the men’s 10 m air pistol at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, Xie Yu can finally afford to r 27 a little bit.
Competing in his first Olympics, the 24-year-old faced a huge p 28 . He finished sixth in the qualification round on Saturday and had to s 29 a gruelling (折磨人的) night before the final. “Last night was tough. I was so nervous that I couldn’t fall asleep. I don’t know how many hours I slept, but it felt like I had just fallen asleep when the alarm went off,” Xie recalled.
In Sunday’s final, Xie was in third place for most of the competition, b 30 the Italian shooters. It wasn’t until the fifth round that he moved into the first place. He kept his lead with just a small 0.4-point advantage before the last shot. Xie s 31 calm and scored a perfect 10. Thanks to his great performance in the final round, Xie won the competition!
“I think I had a stable performance today. I was nervous, but I did not panic. I m 32 to keep a cool mind,” Xie commented on his performance.
五、选词填空
将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空限填一词，每词或词组只能填一次）
A．enough B．opportunity C． bring up D．except E. grow up
When I was 10 years old, I always saved up my little bits of pocket money. I once spent time in the secondhand bookshop. I found a little book, and I just had 33 money to buy it. It was called Tarzan of the Apes.
I know what I want to do when I 34 . I’m going to go to Africa, I’m going to live with animals, and I’m going to write books about them. That was my dream.
Everybody laughed at me 35 my mother. And she said to me, “Jane, if you really want something, you have to work very hard. You have to take every 36 and never give up. If people laugh at you, don’t listen to them, and never give up.”
A．harming B．believed C． hard D．exciting E. Everywhere
At that time, scientists 37 only human beings could use and make tools. And so when I saw David Greybeard, a chimpanzee and then all his friends using and making tools, it was a very 38 time.
Don’t give up. There’s always some way forward. Do any of you ever think about what’s happening in the world and how we are 39 nature so much Does anybody think about that
And there is hope. 40 I go in the world, I find young people like you wanting to tell Dr. Jane about what they’ve been doing. So if I come back here in a year, you’ll be able to tell me what you’ve been doing to make this a better world.
六、完形填空
Star Woman
Wang Zhenyi (王贞仪)
(1768—1797)

Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese 41 . She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no chance to get a formal education. However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys. They 42 her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to 43 astronomy.
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought certain events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食) happened when gods were angry. But Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some 44 . In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what 45 happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”.
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and 46 ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people.
41．A．doctor B．scientist C．lawyer D．teacher
42．A．invited B．selected C．followed D．encouraged
43．A．rely on B．show off C．focus on D．talk about
44．A．exercises B．drawings C．reviews D．experiments
45．A．actually B．suddenly C．nearly D．recently
46．A．simple B．polite C．funny D．traditional
七、阅读理解
47．Jane wants to buy this book. Which link below should she click
A．Social & Health Issues > Teaching & Learning
B．Literature & Fiction > Women’s Fiction
C．Biography & True Accounts > True Crime
D．Travel & Holiday > Food & Transportation
48．Which one may not be included in the book
A．Joan of Arc. B．Charles Darwin. C．George Washington. D．Gorge Goodall.
49．Who is the author of the book
A．Ben Gilliland. B．Gorge Washington.
C．Mason Crest Publishers. D．Phatpocket Book Shoppe.
50．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “Dimensions”
A．Price. B．Weight. C．Size. D．Height.
51．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．You have to pay 4.18 pounds in total to get the book.
B．The book was finished before 1st Feb. 2012.
C．It is a bestseller in 2024.
D．There is only one 100 People Who Made History left on Read Life.
八、任务型阅读
Abraham Lincoln was one of the most important presidents in the history of the United States. He was born in 1809 in a poor family.
Lincoln faced many challenges during his life. But he was a man of great determination and wisdom. He led the country during the Civil War and fought to end slavery (奴隶制).
Lincoln’s speeches were very powerful. His famous Gettysburg Address (葛底斯堡演讲) is still remembered today. He believed in equality and justice for all.
Despite facing many difficulties, Lincoln never gave up. His efforts made a great difference to the United States.
52．When was Abraham Lincoln born
53．What kind of family was Lincoln born into
54．What did Lincoln do during the Civil War
55．Why are Lincoln’s speeches famous
56．What can we learn from Lincoln’s spirit
57．Lincoln’s efforts didn’t make a great difference to the United States, did they
58．What do you think of Abraham Lincoln Please give your reason.
To update or not to update William Shakespeare That is the question, Shakespeare was born more than 450 years ago and has become one of the world’s best-known playwrights (剧作家). He wrote comedies, tragedies, histories and poems that are studied in schools all over the world. His plays are still performed in packed theatres. The plays are full of fascinating drama, beautiful poetry, betrayal (背叛), confusion, romance and wit (风趣). However, Shakespeare’s time was different from today. His language is old-fashioned and can be hard to follow. Also, attitudes were different and some people were sometimes not treated fairly. This has led to people saying his work should be reworked for today’s audiences. What do you think Should Shakespeare be updated
Yes! Shakespeare needs reworking. No! His brilliance should be preserved (保留).
Shakespeare might be a great playwright whose plays feature attractive plots and beautiful poetry. But what is the point of them if people cannot understand them The language is too old-fashioned and difficult to follow and takes away from the drama. The same stories could be told using today’s language and audiences would still get as much joy and pleasure from the plays. Some of the views and attitudes the poet portrayed (描写) in his works are offensive (冒犯的). Modern audiences should not have to put up with these views. There are many brilliant modern playwrights from around the world whose work people should also study and whose place can provide audiences with lots of drama, richness and beauty. Shakespeare’s work is timeless, beautiful and powerful. The richness of the language and playful use of words should be celebrated. There are good reasons that the plays are still being performed hundreds of years after Shakespeare was born. Many of Shakespeare’s phrases are still used. For example, “all that glitters isn’t gold” and “the world is my oyster”. The plays also reveal a lot about what it is to be human. Love and heartbreak, victory and defeat, kindness and revenge (报复) are themes that last through the ages. In Shakespeare’s time, attitudes were different, but it can be good for people today to discuss them and compare them to our attitudes today. Audiences today can learn from the mistakes of the past.
59．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph
60．Find out two sentences that show Shakespeare’s work is still very popular and write them down.
61．What does the underlined word “This” in the first paragraph refer to
62．Use your own words to complete the table below.
Shakespeare should be updated Shakespeare should not be updated
●The language is old-fashioned and outdated. It would be not easy for modern audiences to (A) if the language was updated. ●Some of the views are not appropriate today and could be (B) to people watching or reading his works. ●People should study literature and see plays written by other (C) , rather than focusing on Shakespeare. ●The language is beautiful and powerful and should not be changed. Shakespeare invented (D) we still use today. ●His work tells us what it means (E) . Themes such as love, envy and friendship are still relevant today. ●It tells us about the time Shakespeare lived in. Modern audiences can discuss (F) and learn from the past.
63．Do you think Shakespeare should be updated or not Why or why not
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《Unit 6 知识点梳理 提升训练（含答案解析）--沪教版五四学制（2024）六年级英语下册》参考答案
1．A
【详解】句意：桌子上有一本书和两支笔。
考查主谓一致。根据“There … a book and two pens on the desk.”可知，此处为there be句型，遵循就近原则，空后为单数名词，be动词应用is。故选A。
2．A
【详解】句意：去年我们学校有很多花和树。
考查be动词辨析。根据“last year”可知，本句是一般过去时，there be结构的be用were或was，且there be结构采取就近原则，主语flowers是复数，应用were。故选A。
3．B
【详解】句意：看！有一些鸟儿在树上唱歌。
考查there be句型。根据“There … some birds singing in the tree.”可知，表示“存在，有”，用there be句型。there be句型遵循就近原则，“some birds”为复数，be动词用are。故选B。
4．A
【详解】句意：冰箱里没有牛奶了。我们去超市买一些吧。
考查there be句型。根据“Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some.”可知，冰箱里没有牛奶了，句中已有表示否定意义的词no，因此排除C项和D项；milk是不可数名词，be动词应用is，排除B项。故选A。
5．A
【详解】句意：他作为伟大的科学家而闻名。他的发现改变了世界。
考查介词辨析。as作为；for对于，关于；to向，往；by通过。“a great scientist”为职业，所以他是作为伟大的科学家而闻名的。be famous as“作为……而著名”，后接职业。故选A。
6．B
【详解】句意：这座城市以美丽的海滩和美味的海鲜而闻名。
考查介词辨析。as作为；for因为；to到；by通过。根据“The city is well-known … its beautiful beaches and delicious seafood.”可知，此处为固定短语be well-known for意为“以……而闻名”，应用介词for表示。故选B。
7．B
【详解】句意：她因她的演技而出名。许多人赞赏她的表演。
考查形容词短语。as作为；for为了；to到；of……的。根据题意可知，她因她的演技而出名，be famous for“因……而出名”，固定短语。故选B。
8．C
【详解】句意：这位歌手为全世界的粉丝所熟知。
考查介词及短语辨析。be well-known as作为……而闻名，后接表示职业、身份等的名词；be well-known for因……而闻名，后接闻名的原因；be well-known to为……所熟知，后接人或群体；be well-known与by错误搭配。根据“The singer is well-known... her fans all over the world.”可知，这里强调的是被特定的人群所熟知，be well-known to符合语境，故选C。
9．D
【详解】句意：——长江全长6300多公里，是世界第三长河。——多长？我没听清楚。
考查动词辨析。listen听；hear听见；see看见；catch听清。根据“How long ”可知，是没听清对方说的话。故选D。
10．A
【详解】句意：——我们的电话号码是629***69。如果您需要帮助，请与我们联系。 ——请再说一遍。
考查情景交际。Pardon什么，请再说一遍；Please repeat it one more time请再重复一遍；Please say that again请再说一遍；Thank you for your kindness谢谢你的好意。用于请求别人重复某事，应用Pardon。故选A。
11．inexpensive
【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是，这只表一点也不贵。根据所给音标，可拼出单词inexpensive，形容词，意为“不贵的”，符合语境。故填inexpensive。
12．general
【详解】句意：总的来说，我们昨天看的电影是令人兴奋的。根据音标“/'d enr l/”可知，此处应填general，意为“总的”。故填general。
13．tragedies
【详解】句意：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚创作的四大悲剧之一。根据音标提示可知，应是名词复数tragedies，意为“悲剧”。故填tragedies。
14．characters
【详解】句意：这个故事中有很多有趣的角色。根据音标提示可知，应是名词复数characters，表示 “角色”。故填characters。
15．until
【详解】句意：琳达通常在完成所有作业后才开始看电视。根据所给音标，可拼出单词until，意为“直到”，符合句意。故填until。
16．discovery
【详解】句意：经过长时间的搜寻，他们在森林里有了重大发现。discover“发现”，是动词；根据“a”可知，此处应用其名词单数形式作宾语，discovery“发现”，是名词。故填discovery。
17．poet
【详解】句意：屈原是一个伟大的中国诗人，他非常热爱自己的国家。poem“诗歌”，此处表示“诗人”，应用poet；根据“a”可知，此处用名词单数形式。故填poet。
18．painful
【详解】句意：汤姆不小心伤了脚踝，他感到很痛。根据系动词“felt”可知，此处应用形容词作表语，pain的形容词是painful，意为“痛苦的”。故填painful。
19．death
【详解】句意：我们宠物狗的去世让我们所有人都哭了。die“死亡”，是动词；根据“The... of our pet dog”可知，此处应用其名词形式作主语，death“死亡”，是名词。故填death。
20．publishment
【详解】句意：这本书的出版标志着这位作家职业生涯的起点。publish“出版”，是动词；根据“The...of this book”可知，此处表示这本书的出版，应用其名词作主语，publishment“出版”，是名词。故填publishment。
21．admiration
【详解】句意：我无法表达我对她的勇敢和决心的钦佩。根据“my”可知，空处应填名词。admire意为“钦佩”，动词，其对应名词形式为admiration，不可数名词。故填admiration。
22． isn’t any
【详解】句意：瓶子里有一些橙汁。is的否定是在后面加not，缩写形式为isn’t；否定句中需要把some改为any。故填isn’t；any。
23． aren’t many
【详解】句意：操场上有很多学生正在打篮球。对于“there be”句型，要在“be”动词后加“not”，“There are”的否定形式是“There aren’t”，many不变。故填aren’t；many。
24． Are there
【详解】句意：学校花园里有许多树和花。将含有“there be”句型的陈述句改为一般疑问句时，只需把“be”动词提前到句首，句末用问号即可。原句中“be”动词是“are”，将其提前到句首，其他部分照抄。故填Are；there。
25． well-known for
【详解】句意：上海以其美丽的夜景而闻名。be famous for“因……而出名”，等同于be well-known for“因……而出名”。故填well-known；for。
26．After seeing how poor people lived, the writer wrote a tragedy
【详解】由标点可知，该句为陈述句；分析所给单词，after“之后”，引导时间状语从句；seeing“看见”，位于介词后用动名词形式；how“如何”，引导宾语从句；poor people“穷人”；lived“生活”，动词过去式；the writer“这个作家”，作主语；wrote“写了”，为谓语，a tragedy“一部悲剧”，为宾语。故填After seeing how poor people lived, the writer wrote a tragedy“看到穷人的生活后，作家写了一部悲剧”。
27．(r)elax 28．(p)ressure 29．(s)uffer 30．(b)ehind 31．(s)tayed 32．(m)anaged
【导语】本文主要讲述了谢瑜在2024年巴黎奥运会男子10米气手枪比赛中获得金牌的经历，以及他在比赛前后的心理状态和表现。
27．句意：在2024年巴黎奥运会男子10米气手枪比赛中获得金牌后，谢瑜终于可以稍微放松一下了。根据“After winning gold in the men’s 10m air pistol at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, Xie Yu can finally afford to…a little bit.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指谢瑜终于可以稍微放松一下了，relax“放松”，afford to do sth.“负担得起做某事”，是固定搭配。故填(r)elax。
28．句意：第一次参加奥运会的24岁选手面临着巨大的压力。根据下文“Last night was tough. I was so nervous that I couldn’t fall asleep. I don’t know how many hours I slept, but it felt like I had just fallen asleep when the alarm went off”并结合首字母提示可知，他面临着巨大的压力，pressure“压力”，根据“a huge”可知，应用原形。故填(p)ressure。
29．句意：他在周六的资格赛中获得了第六名，在决赛前的一个晚上，他不得不遭受着折磨。根据空后的“a gruelling (折磨人的) night”并结合首字母提示可知，他不得不遭受着一个折磨人的夜晚，suffer“遭受”，have to do sth.“不得不做某事”，是固定搭配。故填(s)uffer。
30．句意：在周日的决赛中，谢瑜大部分时间都排在第三位，落后于意大利选手。根据“In Sunday’s final, Xie was in third place for most of the competition…the Italian shooters.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指排名，表示落后于意大利选手，behind“在……之后”。故填(b)ehind。
31．句意：谢保持冷静，打出了完美的10环。stay calm“保持冷静”，句子时态为一般过去时。故填(s)tayed。
32．句意：我设法保持冷静。根据上文“I was nervous, but I did not panic.”并结合首字母提示可知，此处指设法保持冷静，manage“设法做到”符合，句子时态为一般过去时。故填(m)anaged。
33．A 34．E 35．D 36．B 37．B 38．D 39．A 40．E
【导语】本文主要讲述了简·古道尔（Jane Goodall）从小对动物和自然的热爱，以及她如何通过努力实现梦想的故事。
33．句意：我发现了一本小书，而我刚好有足够的钱买下它。根据“I just had … money to buy it.”可知，此处表示我刚好有足够的钱买下它，备选词enough“足够的”符合语境，作定语修饰“money”。故选A。
34．句意：我知道我长大后想做什么。根据“I know what I want to do when I…”可知，此处表示长大，备选词grow up表示“长大”，符合语境。故选E。
35．句意：除了我妈妈，所有人都嘲笑我。根据“Everybody laughed at me … my mother.”可知，此处表示除了我妈妈，所有人都嘲笑我，备选词 except表示“除了”，符合语境。故选D。
36．句意：你必须抓住每一个机会，永不放弃。根据“You have to take every … and never give up.”可知，此处表示抓住每一个机会，备选词opportunity表示“机会”，符合语境。故选B。
37．句意：当时，科学家们相信只有人类能够使用和制造工具。根据“scientists … only human beings could use and make tools.”可知，此处表示科学家们相信只有人类能够使用和制造工具，备选词believed表示“相信”，符合语境。故选B。
38．句意：当我看到黑猩猩大卫·格雷比尔德和他的朋友们使用和制造工具时，那是一个非常激动人心的时刻。根据“it was a very… time.”可知，此处表示那是一个非常激动人心的时刻，备选词exciting表示“令人激动的”，符合语境。故选D。
39．句意：你们有没有想过世界上正在发生的事情以及我们是如何严重伤害自然的？根据“how we are … nature”可知，此处表示我们是如何严重伤害自然，备选词harming表示“伤害”，符合语境。故选A。
40．句意：无论我走到哪里，我都会发现像你们这样的年轻人想要告诉简博士他们所做的一切。根据“… I go in the world”可知，此处表示无论我走到哪里，备选词Everywhere表示“无论哪里”，符合语境。故选E。
41．B 42．D 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了清朝著名女科学家——王贞仪。
41．句意：王贞仪是一位伟大的中国科学家。
doctor医生；scientist科学家；lawyer律师；teacher老师。根据文章最后“She helped make science available to more people.”可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选B。
42．句意：他们鼓励她阅读家里图书馆里的书。
invited邀请；selected选择；followed跟随；encouraged鼓励。根据上文“However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys.”可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父思想开放，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故选D。
43．句意：后来，她决定专攻天文学。
rely on依赖；show off炫耀；focus on集中于，专注于；talk about谈论。根据上文“Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine.”可知，起初，王贞仪自学天文学、数学、地理和医学，后来她决定专注于天文学这一门学科。故选C。
44．句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。
exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。
45．句意：她将它们四处移动，以展示月食期间实际发生的情况：当地球直接穿过太阳和月球之间时，阳光无法到达月球，月球“消失”。
actually实际上；suddenly突然；nearly几乎；recently最近。根据下文“when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon…”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选A。
46．句意：在她的文章中，她用清晰、简单的方式解释难懂的观点，让人们更容易理解科学。
simple简单的；polite礼貌的；funny有趣的；traditional传统的。根据下文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪以一种简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选A。
47．A 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．B
【导语】本文主要介绍100 People Who Made History一书的简介、出版信息、购买方式等。
47．推理判断题。根据“find out about their great true life stories and discover how they’ve changed the world in their own ways”可知，此处与学习类有关，可推知，A项符合。故选A。
48．细节理解题。书里提到的是真实存在的名人，如Joan of Arc、Charles Darwin、George Washington、Jane Goodall等，并没有Gorge Goodall。故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据“Follow the author”下面的“Ben Gilliland”可知，这本书的作者是Ben Gilliland。故选A。
50．词句猜测题。根据“19.05× 1.27 ×24.13 cm”可知，此处指的是书的长宽高，即“尺寸”，所以划线部分的含义是尺寸。故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据“100 People Who Made History: Meet the People Who Shaped the Modern World Hardcover- 1 Feb, 2012”可知，作品在2012年2月1日之前完成。故选B。
52．In 1809. 53．A poor family. 54．He fought to end slavery. 55．Because they were very powerful. 56．We should never give up. 57．Yes, they did. 58．(Any reasonable answer is OK) I think he was a great president in the history of the United States because he fought to end slavery.
【导语】本文是关于美国第十六任总统Abraham Lincoln的一些介绍。
52．根据“He was born in 1809 in a poor family.”可知，他出生于1809年。故填In 1809.
53．根据“He was born in 1809 in a poor family.”可知，他出生在一个贫困的家庭。故填A poor family.
54．根据“He led the country during the Civil War and fought to end slavery.”可知，他在内战期间领导国家，为结束奴隶制而斗争。故填He fought to end slavery.
55．根据“Lincoln’s speeches were very powerful.”可知，林肯的演讲非常有力。故填Because they were very powerful.
56．根据“Despite facing many difficulties, Lincoln never gave up.”可知，面临困难的时候，我们绝不放弃。故填We should never give up.
57．根据“His efforts made a great difference to the United States.”可知，他的努力对美国产生了巨大的影响。故填Yes, they did.
58．开放性作答，结合实际，言之有理即可。参考答案为：I think he was a great president in the history of the United States because he fought to end slavery.
59．It presents two different attitudes towards Shakespeare’s work. 60．(1) His comedies, tragedies, histories and poems are studied in schools all over the world.
(2) His plays are still performed in packed theatres. 61．It refers to the fact that Shakespeare’s old fashioned language can be hard to follow and that some people in his work were sometimes not treated fairly. 62． understand his plays offensive brilliant modern playwrights phrases to be human the attitudes 63．I think Shakespeare should be updated because even in Shakespeare’s time, his texts were difficult for people to understand, let alone for modern audiences./ I think Shakespeare should not be updated because many words and phrases he created are still used today. (Any reasonable answer is acceptable)
【导语】本文围绕是否应更新威廉·莎士比亚作品展开，阐述其作品的受欢迎程度、语言及观点特点，以及人们对此的不同态度。
59．根据第一段可知，开头提出“是否更新威廉·莎士比亚作品”这一问题，接着阐述了人们对此的不同看法，涵盖了认为应更新和不应更新的观点倾向。所以主要是呈现了对于莎士比亚作品的两种不同态度。故填It presents two different attitudes towards Shakespeare’s work.
60．根据文中“His comedies, tragedies, histories and poems are studied in schools all over the world.”表明他的各类作品在全球学校被学习；“His plays are still performed in packed theatres.”说明他的戏剧在挤满观众的剧院上演。这两处都体现出其作品仍广受欢迎。故填(1) His comedies, tragedies, histories and poems are studied in schools all over the world. (2) His plays are still performed in packed theatres.
61．根据前文提到“His language is old-fashioned and can be hard to follow. Also, attitudes in his work were sometimes not treated fairly”，即莎士比亚作品语言过时难理解，且其中一些观念在当时未被公平对待，“This”指代的就是这些情况。故填It refers to the fact that Shakespeare’s old-fashioned language can be hard to follow and that some people in his work were sometimes not treated fairly.
62．根据文中“His language is old-fashioned and can be hard to follow.”表明由于莎士比亚作品语言陈旧，如果更新语言，现代观众就难以“理解他的戏剧”。故①填understand his plays；根据“Some of the views and attitudes the poet portrayed in his works are offensive (冒犯的).”可知提到作品中一些观点在当今不合适，可能会对观看或阅读的人感觉“冒犯”。故②填offensive；根据文中“There are many brilliant modern playwrights from around the world whose work people should also study and whose place can provide audiences with lots of drama, richness and beauty.”指出人们应该研究其他“杰出的现代剧作家”的作品，而不是只关注莎士比亚。故③填brilliant modern playwrights；根据文中“Many of Shakespeare’s phrases are still used. ”可知明确说莎士比亚创造了我们如今仍在使用的“短语”。 故④填phrases；根据文中“The plays also reveal a lot about what it is to be human. Love and heartbreak, victory and defeat, kindness and revenge (报复) are themes that last through the ages. ”阐述了作品中如爱、心碎等主题贯穿时代，这些主题体现了“人之常情”。故填to be human；根据“Shakespeare’s time, attitudes were different, but it can be good for people today to discuss them and compare them to our attitudes today. Audiences today can learn from the mistakes of the past.”可知提到现代观众可以讨论“这些态度”并从过去中学习。故⑤填the attitudes。故填understand his plays；hurtful offensive ；brilliant modern playwrights；phrases；to be human；the attitudes。
63．开放性试题，答案可从作品语言和主题等方面考虑。若认为应更新，是因为其语言对现代观众难理解；若认为不应更新，是因为其创造的很多词汇短语仍在使用，且主题有永恒价值。这里可以从语言理解难度角度支持更新，从语言贡献角度支持不更新。故填I think Shakespeare should be updated because even in Shakespeare's time, his texts were difficult for people to understand, let alone for modern audiences. I think Shakespeare should not be updated because many words and phrases he created are still used today. (Any reasonable answer is acceptable)

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