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Unit 7 Know our world.
知识点梳理
population意为人口，常用作人口的总称，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，表示某地有多少人口时，可以表达为“The population of+地点+is+数次”或“地点+has a population of +数词”。
翻译：这个村子有200人。
拓展延伸：（1）形容某地人口多或少，常用large/small,不用many/few.
The population of our town is much than before.
我们镇上的人口比以前多了很多。
对人口数量提问常用句型：What’s the population of ……？
翻译：中国的人口是多少？
当有分数或百分数修饰population作主语时，谓语动词可用复数形式，也可用单数形式。
Two fifths of the population in this town old people.
have/has been to 去过某地，后面常接once,twice,three times等表示次数的词，也可和just,never,ever,before等连用。
have/has gone to 意为已经去了某地，说话时人可能在途中，也可能已经到达目的地了，但不在说话处。
have/has been in表示已经待在某地，强调状态。
Eg:Mike China for three years.
Mr. Wang isn’t here.He Qingdao.
He Paris three times.
except意为除了……之外，不包括except后面的宾语，含有“减去”的意思。
besides除了……之外还，包括“besides”后面的宾语，含有“加上”的意思。
Eg:She is interested in singing drawing.
All of us went to Jim’s birthday party Eric.He had a bad cold.
total用作名词，意为总计，总数，常用短语：in total 总共，总计
total还可用作形容词，意为总的，总计的
Eg:In the year of 2021,the world’s population is over 7.8 billion .
What is the population of Brazil 巴西的总人口是多少？
increase作动词，意为增加，增大，常见用法：increase (from…)to …从…增加到… increase by+百分数 增加了
Eg:The population from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已从120万增加到了180万。
Food prices 10％ in less than a year.不到一年，食品的价格就上涨了10％。
two thirds三分之二 英语中分数的表达:分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加s.
六分之一 三分之五
translate动词,翻译，常用短语translate…into…把…翻译成…
Tranaslation 名词翻译 translator名词翻译家
Eg:I like the French of A Farewell to Arms(永别了，武器) very much.
This machine can simple messages into 24 different languages.
His dream is to be a when he grows up.
pronounce作发音，读法讲，为及物动词，其后直接接宾语。名词形式pronunciation
Eg:Do you know the correct of these English names
How do you your name
ring up给…打电话 是动词+副词型短语
翻译：我将给你打电话。
给某人打电话的其他表达：
call/phone/telephone sb.
give sb. a call/ring/phone call
make a call/phone call to sb.
go up=rise 上升，升起
Eg:A flag to show that the runners are ready.
常见的表示提建议的句型：
Why not do sth =Why don’t you do sth
Let’s do sth. Would you mind doing sth What/How about doing sth
Shall we do sth You’d better (not) do sth.
翻译：为什么不在公共场合和其他人交流呢？
Lesson40-Lesson42
祈使句+and+简单句，祈使句表示条件，简单句表示结果，且简单句常用一般将来时。
祈使句+or+简单句，祈使句表示条件，简单句表示相反结果，or用于警告或忠告，意为否则，要不然。
Eg:Work hard, you are sure to make much progress.
Wear your coat, you’ll catch a cold.
polite 形容词，有礼貌的 be polite to sb意为对某人有礼貌
politely副词，有礼貌地 反义词：impolite,impolitely
Eg:It’s very to talk loudly in punlic.
prepare sth.准备某物
prepare for sth.为某事做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
Eg:When we got home,Mother was dinner in the kitchen.
The students are the examination in July.
His parents were busy go on holiday.
be proud of=take pride in为……感到骄傲
翻译：他为孩子们的进步感到自豪。
、be known for=be famous for 后接名词或动词ing形式，表示出名的原因，意为因……而出名
be known as=be famous as后接表示身份，职位等的名词，意为作为……而出名
Eg:Zibo in Shandong province its barbecue.
Mo Yan a writer.
6.be in/on/to the east/west/north/west of +地点
在某地的东方/西方/南方/北方
在英语中，介词in,on,to常与方位词连用表示两地的位置关系，in（B地在A地之内），on(A地与B地接壤)，to（A地与B地不接壤）
Eg:Haikou lies the south of Guangzhou.
Guangzhou is the south of China.
Xian is the east of Xianyang.
that在比较句中的用法：that在比较句中用来代替上文提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数。
Eg:The weather in Beijing is warmer than in Shengyang.
The number of the students in our school is small than in yours.
一．现在完成时：
现在完成时表示过去发生或者已经完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，常与already,just,yet等连用。
Eg:I my homework.我已经完成了作业。
现在完成时还可表示开始于过去，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。for+时间段，since+时间点
Eg:Great changes in Baoji during the past few years.
拓展延伸：非延续性动词若与表示一段时间的状语连用，需要将这些非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。常见的非延续性动词和其对应的延续性动词：
buy→have borrow→keep leave→be away open→be open die→be dead finish/stop→be over begin/start→be on get married→be married
Eg:I have (borrow) the book for a week.
They have (leave) for one year.
二、被动语态：
1.语态是表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态是表示主语是动作的发出者，如：The child eats apples every day.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Apples are eaten by the child every day.
被动语态的结构：
一般现在时：am/is/are +done
一般过去时：was/were+done
一般将来时：will/shall be+done am/is/are going to be+done
现在进行时：am/is/are being +done
过去进行时：was/were being+done
现在完成时：have/has been+done
Eg:Chinese (learn) by more and more foreigners.
I (not invite) to his birthday party so far.
His car (buy) five years ago,but it looks quite new.
2.主动语态和被动语态之间的转化：
①确定主动句中的主语，谓语和宾语。
②把主动句中的宾语变为被动句里的主语。若主动句里的宾语时人称代词，要将宾格变为主格。把谓语变为被动结构，即be+动词的过去分词，但时态不能改变。
③把主动句中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语。若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
提升训练
一、单项选择
1．The young man from ________ European country has stayed in the room for ________ hour.
A．a; an B．an; a C．an; an D．a; a
2．— Excuse me, I want some books, but I can’t find a bookshop here.
— I know _________ on my way e with me, please.
A．this B．one C．it D．that
3．The boy in red comes from ________ and he speaks ________.
A．Japan; Japanese B．Japanese; Japan
C．Japanese; Japanese D．Japan; Japan
4．It’s ________ to speak loudly while you are eating.
A．good B．polite C．supposed D．rude
5．－I will try my best to win the School Talent Show.
－If so, all of us will be _____ you.
A．proud of B．careful with C．strict with D．worried about
6．Victoria, hurry up! ________ we can’t arrive there on time.
A．Or B．So C．But D．And
7．--What do you think of the environment here, Mr. Wang
--Wonderful! of the land covered with trees and grass．
A．Two fifths; is B．Two fifth; is C．Two fifths; are D．Two fifth; are
8．— ________ is the population of China now, Jack
— Let me think for a moment. It is about ________.
A．How many; 1,400 million B．What; 1,400 million
C．What; 40 million D．How many; 140 million
9．—Jim isn’t in the classroom. Where is he now
—He ______ the library.
A．will go to B．has been to
C．has gone to D．goes to
10．---Simon, do you know who invented the kite
---Sure! It ____ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.
A．is invented B．invented C．was invented D．will be invented
二、单词拼写
11．Very few people can (发音) my name correctly.
12．Alice (点头) and said “Hello” to me when I entered the hall last night.
13．When it comes to Venice, does it bring any other (欧洲的) city to your mind
14．Please be (有礼貌的) to your guests.
15．Her mother (吻) her goodbye as she goes to school every day.
三、完成句子
16．shake hands, friendship, to, show, they
.
17．does, thumbs-up, what, a, mean

18．remember, I, my, asking, cousin, things, translate, to
.
19．goes, after, the water, the rain, up
.
20．tomorrow, him, I, up, ring, will
.
21．We have different ways of expressing our ideas. (改为同义句)
We express our ideas .
22．The students planted many trees last year. (改为被动语态)
Many trees the students last year.
23．What will he do next I don’t know.（合并为一句）
I don’t know what do next.
24．Why don’t you talk with others in public (改为同义句)
others in public
25．You can ring me up at any time. (改为同义句)
You can at any time.
26．肢体语言在全世界并不总是相同的。
Body language is not always the same .
27．开会之前，我们的主席和站在旁边的群众握了握手。
Before the meeting, our president with people standing nearby.
28．现在，很多人通过微信来交流。
Nowadays, many people WeChat.
29．有些地方人们用嘴唇指东西。
In some places, people their lips.
30．单词“fat”和“thin”的含义是相反的。
The words “fat” and “thin” .
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Do you know Venice It is considered to be one of 31 most beautiful cities in the world. It has been known 32 the “City of Canals (运河)”, “City of Bridges”, and “City of Water”. It is made up of about 100 33 (island), 150 canals, and 400 bridges. There are no roads in the city, so there are no cars. The only forms of transportation(交通) are on water and on foot. There are roads, a train station, 34 an airport at the edge(边缘) of the city. One of the famous symbols of Venice is a “gondola (平底船)”. Gondolas are still used today, though(虽然) 35 (main) by tourists. All Venetian gondolas are 36 (paint) black. It was a law(法律) that was passed in the 37 (sixteen) century. Most Venetians travel by water buses called “Vaporetti”. Venice has one of the world’s most famous bridges 38 (call) the Rialto Bridge, built in 1591.
Venezuela, a country in South 39 (American), means “little Venice”. This is because the early European visitors to Venezuela first met the local people who lived in homes built over the water, reminding 40 (they) of Venice.
五、任务型阅读
Words and the way we use them offer a window on social trends. Kory Stamper and Peter Sokolowski know that better than most.They are part of a team that edits the Merriam -Webster Dictionary. In a recent interview, Sokolowski and Stamper talked about their job.
What do you do all day
Stamper: The two main duties are reading and defining. We read everything. We record the context of these words. They are the raw material we use in writing definitions.
When we are writing or editing a dictionary, most of our time is spent defining. We first decide whether the usage has been included in the dictionary. Then, we define the word according to how it is used in the recorded context. Writing definitions requires some training, some experience and full attention.
What does the way we use words say about us
Sokolowski: When our dictionary went online in 1996, we could see for the first time the most looked-up words. Affect and effect were the top two words. When Princess Diana died in 1997, the top words changed: paparazzi, cortege and princess. We could follow what people were thinking about according to what words they were looking up.
1～2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写出全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
41．Sokolowski and Stamper are .
42．Sokolowski and Stamper define the word according to .
43．What do editors do all day
44．
45．
六、阅读理解
I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120, 000. My home town is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.
Cambridge is 80 kilometers from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of about; seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2, 000 years old, and it is famous for Big Ben, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.
England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is.
It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days.
46．Cambridge is .
A．in the east of England B．in the south of England
C．on the River Thames D．far from the River Cam
47．How many examples of famous people are mentioned in the passage
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
48．What can we know about Cambridge and London
A．Cambridge is much busier than London.
B．London is 2, 000 kilometers from Cambridge.
C．Cambridge has more famous buildings than London.
D．London has a much bigger population than Cambridge.
49．Tourists like in the south of England.
A．the churches B．the low mountains
C．the pretty villages D．the beautiful lakes
50．It is in England.
A．very hot in summer B．very cold in winter
C．not very cold in winter D．not rainy all year round
John Smith is an exchange student from New York. Here is a letter to his friend in his hometown.
Dear David,
How time flies! It’s been 3 months since I came to China. I’m having fun on my student exchange program here. I am used to life here and have known a lot about traditional Chinese culture. I will share some with you.
In China, there are many different kinds of traditional art forms, such as paper cutting, Chinese clay art, kite making and so on. Among them, the kite interests me most. The first ancient Chinese kite appeared more than 2,000 years ago. Then flying kites spread to Japan, Korea and Malaysia during the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. Kites are regarded as the earliest craft(飞行器). They played an important role in the process of inventing the plane.
Tea culture is important in China. Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about 5,000 years ago. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. It didn’t appear in England until around 1,660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Now tea has become one of the most popular drinks around the world.
Lastly, I’d like to tell you something about the Mid-Autumn Festival. Chinese people have been celebrating it and enjoying moon cakes for centuries.
If you’d like to know more about traditional Chinese culture, I will talk about it in the next letter.
Best wishes!
Yours,
John
51．From this passage, we know that John Smith is from ________.
A．Canada B．the U.S.
C．the U.K. D．Australia
52．Which of the following isn’t a traditional Chinese art form
A．Paper cutting.
B．Chinese clay art.
C．The Mid-Autumn Festival.
D．Kite making.
53．About 5,000 years ago, ________.
A．the first ancient Chinese kite appeared
B．flying kites spread to Japan, Korea and Malaysia
C．tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident
D．most Chinese began to cut paper
54．Which of the following is TRUE according to the letter
A．David came to China three months ago.
B．Tea didn’t appear in England until around the 16th century.
C．Kites played an important role in the process of inventing the plane.
D．John isn’t used to life in China.
55．John wrote this letter to David in order to ________.
A．share something about traditional Chinese culture with him
B．tell him the tea trade from Western countries to China took place in the 19th century
C．tell him the Mid-Autumn Festival is in August every year
D．make a travelling plan to China with their classmates
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《Unit 7 Know our world. 知识点梳理 提升训练（含答案解析） -- 冀教版 八年级英语下册》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A B A D A A A B C C
题号 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案 A B D C C B C C C A
1．A
【详解】句意：这个来自欧洲国家的年轻人在房间里呆了一个小时。
考查冠词。冠词a和an都表泛指。a用在读音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an用在读音以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。根据句意可知，两空格均表示泛指，表示数量“一”。第一个空格后的单词European读音以辅音/j /开头，故用冠词a；第二个空格后的单词hour读音以元音/a /开头，故用冠词an。故选A。
2．B
【详解】句意：——对不起，我想要一些书，但是我在这里找不到书店。——我知道在我回家的路上有一个。请跟我来。考查代词辨析题。this/that表近指或远指；it代替上文提到的（同一）事物；one指的是与前面提到的为同一类事物，相当于“a+名词”。本句所指与上一句属于同类而不同物，需用one。根据句意语境，可知选B。
3．A
【详解】句意：穿红色衣服的男孩来自日本，他会说日语。
考查名词辨析。Japan日本；Japanese日语，日本人。根据“comes from”可知来自日本，第一空用Japan；再由“speaks”可知后接语言，第二空用Japanese。故选A。
4．D
【详解】句意：吃饭的时候大声说话时粗鲁的。
考查形容词辨析。good好的；polite礼貌的；supposed假定的；rude粗鲁的。根据“to speak loudly while you are eating”可知吃饭的时候大声说话是粗鲁的。故选D。
5．A
【详解】试题分析：句意：--在这次学校才艺秀上我将尽最大努力去获胜。--如果那样的话，我们所有的人都将以你为骄傲。be proud of以……骄傲；be careful with,对……认真；be strict with,对……严格；be worried about,对……担心。根据句意，故选A。
考点：考查固定搭配的用法。
6．A
【详解】句意：维多利亚，快点！否则我们不能准时到那儿了。
考查连词词义辨析。Or否则，或者；So所以；But但是；And和。根据“we can’t arrive there on time.”可知，此处是说快点，“否则”我们不能准时到那儿了。故选A。
7．A
【详解】句意：——你认为这里的环境怎么样？——棒极了！五分之二的陆地被树木和草所覆盖。根据选项可知，第一个空所缺的词为分数；分数的表达法为分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加s，所以五分之二的表达方法为two fifths，排除B,D；分数后面的名词为land，又知land意为“陆地，土地”，为不可数名词，根据主谓一致的原则，所以第二个空缺处应用is，故答案选A。
点睛：“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Two fifths of the machines on display are new items. 展出的机器有五分之二是新产品。 70% of the meat has gone bad. 70%的肉都变质了。
8．B
【详解】句意：——Jack，现在中国的人口是多少？——让我想想。大约是14亿。
考查特殊疑问句以及常识。固定句式：what is the population of“某地的人口是多少”，排除A和D选项。根据常识可知，中国人口是14亿，故选B。
9．C
【详解】句意：——吉姆不在教室里。他现在在哪里？——他去了图书馆。
考查时态。has been to去了某地，又回来；has gone to表示去了某地，还没有回来。根据“Where is he now ”可知，表示现在他去了哪里，因此他还没有回来，故用has gone to，故选C。
10．C
【详解】句意：Simon，你知道谁发明了风筝吗？---当然，它是于2000多年前被墨子发明的。by引出动作的发出者，而前面的主语it（代指风筝）与选项动词之间是被动关系，事件发生于2000多年前，故句子用一般过去时态的被动语态来表达，答案选C。
【点睛】初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。
（1）一般现在时被动语态的构成：助动词am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词
English is spoken in many countries.
(2) 一般过去时被动语态的构成：助动词was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
Was this novel written by his father
(3) 一般将来时构成：will/be going to do + be + 及物动词的过去分词
The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.
(4) 现在完成时被动语态的构成：助动词have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词
Has his work been finished yet
(5) 现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
The problem is being discussed by the students.
(6)带有情态动词的被动语态的 构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.
11．pronounce
【详解】句意：很少有人能正确地念出我的名字。由所给的汉语提示可知，“发音”译成：pronounce；情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填pronounce。
12．nodded
【详解】句意：昨晚我进大厅的时候，爱丽丝向我点头问好。由时间状语last night可知应用一般过去时，故动词应填其过去式。故填nodded。
13．European
【详解】句意：当说到威尼斯时，它是否让你脑中想起了其他欧洲的城市？由空前“any other”及空后名词“city”可知，此空应填形容词。文中提示“欧洲的”对应的英文表达为European。故填European。
14．polite
【详解】句意：请对你的客人有礼貌。根据空前的be可知空处用形容词。形容词polite“有礼貌的”，在句中作表语。故填polite。
15．kisses
【详解】句意：她妈妈每天在她上学的时候吻别她。根据汉语提示“吻”可知，其对应的英文表达是kiss。根据“every day”可知，句子是一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，空处用kiss的第三人称单数形式。故填kisses。
16．They shake hands to show friendship
【详解】根据标点可知，此句是陈述句。分析所给单词，they作主语，置于句首需大写首字母，shake作谓语，hands作宾语，to show friendship作目的状语。故填They shake hands to show friendship“他们握手以示友谊”。
17．What does a thumbs-up mean
【详解】根据所给标点可知该句为特殊疑问句，分析所给单词，疑问句用what开头；助动词用does；a thumbs-up作主语；mean作谓语动词，助动词提前，谓语动词需用原形。故答案为：What does a thumbs-up mean“竖起大拇指是什么意思”。
18．I remember asking my cousin to translate things
【详解】根据标点及词汇可知，句子是陈述句，主语是I，谓语是remember，宾语是asking，此处是ask sb to do sth的结构，故填I remember asking my cousin to translate things“我记得我让我的表弟翻译一些东西”。
19．The water goes up after the rain
【详解】根据标点符号可知是陈述句。the water作主语；goes up谓语动词；after介词；the water名词短语。故答案为：The water goes up after the rain“下雨后水上升”。
20．I will ring him up tomorrow
【详解】根据标点及词汇可知，句子是陈述句，主语是I，谓语是will ring up，宾语him要放在动词短语中间，tomorrow是时间状语，故填I will ring him up tomorrow“我明天给他打电话”。
21． in different ways
【详解】句意：我们有不同的方式来表达我们的想法。根据题干以及空格所给的位置可知，此处需将宾语“different ways of expressing our ideas”改成状语in different ways“用不同的方式”。故填in；different；ways。
22． were planted by
【详解】句意：学生们去年种了许多树。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态是一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。句子主语Many trees是复数，be动词用were，树应该是被学生种的，需加介词by“由，被”。故填were；planted；by。
23． he will
【详解】句意：接下来他会做什么？我不知道。考查简单句合并为复合句。根据“I don’t know what”可知，在what引导的宾语从句中应用陈述语序，主句采用一般现在时，从句可用一般将来时，即主谓为he will do。故填he；will。
24． Why/What/How not/about talk/talking with
【详解】句意：你为什么不在公共场合和别人交谈呢？空处表建议，Why don’t you talk with也可以用Why not talk with/What about talking with/How about talking with表示。故填Why/What/How；not/about；talk/talking；with。
25． call/phone me
【详解】句意：你可以随时给我打电话。空处缺少“给我打电话”，其对应的英文表达是call/phone me，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填call/phone；me。
26． all around/over the world
【详解】all over the world“全世界”；all around the world“全世界”。两个短语都是固定搭配，可在句中作地点状语。故填all；around/over；the；world。
27． shook hands
【详解】shake hands with sb“和某人握手”，是固定短语，结合语境可知，此处描述过去的事情，动词用过去式，故填shook；hands。
28． communicate by
【详解】根据中英文对照，第一空上应是“交流”communicate（谓语动词）；第二空上应是“通过”by（介词）。此句是一般现在时，主语是复数形式，动词用原形，故填communicate；by。
29． point to things with
【详解】point to sth“指向某物”，主语是复数名词，动词用原形，thing“东西”，此处应用复数形式，表示泛指，with“用”，是介词，故填point；to；things；with。
30． mean the opposite
【详解】mean“表示……的意思”，是动词，主语是复数名词，动词用原形；the opposite“相反的”，形容词作表语，故填mean；the；opposite。
31．the 32．as 33．islands 34．and 35．mainly 36．painted 37．sixteenth 38．called 39．America 40．them
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意大利北部的一座美丽的城市威尼斯以及被称为“小威尼斯”的南美洲国家委内瑞拉。
31．句意：它被认为是世界上最美丽的城市之一。“most beautiful”是形容词的最高级，其前应加定冠词the。故填the。
32．句意：它被称为“运河之城”、“桥之城”和“水之城”。根据“It has been known…the ‘City of Canals (运河)’”可知，此处应用短语be known as“被认为是”，表达“威尼斯被认为是‘运河之城’”。故填as。
33．句意：它由大约100个岛屿、150条运河和400座桥梁组成。空前有“100”，此处应填可数名词island的复数形式。故填islands。
34．句意：在城市的边缘有公路、火车站和机场。“roads, a train station…an airport”三者是并列关系，此处应填连词and。故填and。
35．句意：贡多拉至今仍在使用，不过主要是游客使用。main“主要的”，形容词；此处应用副词形式mainly“主要地”修饰动词used。故填mainly。
36．句意：所有威尼斯的贡多拉都漆成黑色。主语“gondolas”和谓语动词paint“给……上油漆”是被动关系，应用过去分词painted与are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填painted。
37．句意：这是19世纪通过的一项法律。根据空前的“the”和空后的“century”可知，应该填的是sixteen“十六”的序数词sixteenth“第十六”表顺序。故填sixteenth。
38．句意：威尼斯有世界上最著名的桥梁之一，被称为里亚托桥，建于1591年。“has”在句中已作谓语，此空应填非谓语，“bridges”和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
39．句意：委内瑞拉是南美洲的一个国家，意思是“小威尼斯”。American “美国人/美国的”，名词或形容词；South America“南美洲”。故填America。
40．句意：这是因为早期到委内瑞拉的欧洲游客首先遇到的是住在水上房屋里的当地人，这让他们想起了威尼斯。they“他们”，人称代词的主格，动词remind后接宾格形式them作宾语。故填them。
41．dictionary editors 42．how it is used in the recorded context 43．The two main duties are reading and defining. 44．Words and the way we use them offer a window on social trends. 45．当我们的字典1996年出现在网络上时，我们第一次能看到被查询最多的词。
【导语】本文讲述了科里·斯坦普和彼得·索科洛夫斯基是韦氏词典的编辑，文中介绍了他们的工作，以及通过文字可以了解社会的趋势。
41．根据“They are part of a team that edits the Merriam- Webster Dictionary.”可知，他们是韦氏词典编辑团队的成员，也就是字典编辑，用dictionary editor表示“字典编辑”，are后用名词复数，故填dictionary editors。
42．根据“We record the context of these words. They are the raw material we use in writing definitions.”（我们记录下这些词的上下文语境。它们是我们编写定义时使用的原始材料）可知，他们是通过它在记录的上下文中是如何使用的来定义单词的，故填how it is used in the recorded context。
43．根据“The two main duties are reading and defining. ”可知，两个主要职责是阅读和定义。故填The two main duties are reading and defining.
44．根据“... Affect and effect were the top two words. When Princess Diana died in 1997, the top words changed: paparazzi, cortege and princess.We could follow what people were thinking about according to what words they were looking up.”及全文可知，通过文字及其使用方式我们可以了解社会的趋势。文章第一段第一句“Words and the way we use them offer a window on social trends. ”是本文的主题句，故填Words and the way we use them offer a window on social trends.
45．When our dictionary went online “当我们的字典出现在网络上时”；we“我们”；could see“可以看到”；for the first time“第一次”；the most looked -up words“查询最多的词”。故填：当我们的字典1996年出现在网络上时，我们第一次能看到被查询最多的词。
46．A 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．C
【分析】短文介绍了英国剑桥和伦敦两座城市。剑桥以大学而闻名，许多著名的人在这里学习，有许多古老的建筑和教堂值得参观。伦敦在英国南部，人口750万，大约有2000年的历史，以大本钟、白金汉宫和塔桥而闻名。英国是个岛国，风景优美，气候宜人，是旅游度假的好去处。
46．细节理解题。根据短文开头的句子“I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England.”可知，剑桥是英国东部一座美丽的城市。故答案为A。
47．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.” 许多著名的人在这里学习，如艾萨克牛顿和查尔斯达尔文。可知文章中列举了两个名人，故答案为B。
48．细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120, 000.”可知，剑桥有12万人；根据第二段中的句子“It has a population of about; seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.”可知，伦敦有大约750万人口，因此说伦敦的人口比剑桥多得多。故答案选D。
49．细节理解题。根据文中句子“Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south.”游客喜欢北部的低山、美丽的湖泊，以及南部的丘陵和美丽的村庄。故答案为C。
50．细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中的句子“It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.” 在英国夏天不是太热，冬天也不太冷。故答案选C。
51．B 52．C 53．C 54．C 55．A
【导语】这是一封约翰写给他家乡朋友大卫的信。信中提到了中国的传统艺术形式剪纸、中国粘土艺术等，风筝最吸引约翰，信中还介绍了中国的茶文化和中秋节。
51．细节理解题。根据“John Smith is an exchange student from New York”可知，约翰·史密斯来自美国的纽约。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据“Lastly, I’d like to tell you something about the Mid-Autumn Festival.”可知，中秋节是中国的节日，不是艺术形式。故选C。
53．细节理解题。根据“Tea was discovered as a kind of drink by accident about 5,000 years ago”可知，茶叶是在大约5000年前被偶然发现的一种饮料。故选C。
54．推理判断题。根据“They played an important role in the process of inventing the plane.”可知，风筝在发明飞机的过程中发挥了重要作用，故选项C正确。故选C。
55．主旨大意题。根据“I am used to life here and have known a lot about traditional Chinese culture. I will share some with you”及全文内容可知，约翰对中国传统文化有了很多了解，他写信主要是想与家乡的朋友分享中国传统文化。故选A。
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