资源简介

(共25张PPT)
英语
电子教案
七年级 下册
Epic engineering
4
Unit
can describe engineering works,
the challenges of building them,
and the solutions
Objectives
learn some words about engineering works and ways to overcome challenges
practise sentence stress
use although and though
Tasks
can get a deeper understanding of what epic engineering is
read an article about the Qinghai–Xizang Railway
listen to a radio programme about the Grand Canal
study an example of clever engineering
can communicate on engineering works and ways to overcome challenges
Objectives
talk about the Grand Canal
make a building plan based on a map
Tasks
can present an example of epic engineering by using an outline
write a short description of Dujiangyan
1
2
3
4
5
A railway is a road for trains to travel on.
A bridge is a building over a river or road. People or traffic can cross on it.
A dam is a special wall across a river to stop the water.
A thrill ride is like a train that runs with lots of ups and downs in a park.
A canal is a long water passage created by people, for boats to travel along.
Read the definitions and match them with the pictures.
Describing engineering works and challenges
d
c
a
f
e
across, along, over, and through
1
2
Building a thrill ride
The biggest challenge is to make sure of its safety. Engineers have to design seat belts. They also think about how fast it goes, so that it’s fun but not too dangerous for people to take a ride.
_____________
It’s not easy to complete. It needs lots of big rocks and earth, and it may hurt the animals and plants in the river, but it helps us take care of our water and gives us energy!
Miss Ding is introducing engineering works to kids. Match the headings with the descriptions.
Describing engineering works and challenges
a
c
Building a bridge
Building a dam
Building a dam
b
d
Building a railway
Building a canal
3
4
_______________
The work can connect people and places, but building a safe track is a big challenge. Sometimes there are rivers and mountains in the way. It’s also important to protect the environment and animals. Engineers have built passages under the road for animals to cross.
_______________
Engineers have to make sure it’s strong enough for cars and people to cross. They also need to choose the right material.
Engineers work hard and create wonders, even though there are many challenges. Those examples of epic engineering are not just big; they often push people’s limits. They are a mix of creativity, science, and hard work!
Describing engineering works and challenges
Building a bridge
Building a railway
The kid and the engineer are talking about building 1 ________. Though it is a big 2 __________, it is fun because engineers try to 3 ________ ways to help 4 _________ people and places. To cross mountains and rivers, they build 5 ________ and tunnels. They also add rocks to make the ground strong enough. It’s not an easy job!
Listen to a dialogue and complete the summary.
Describing engineering works and challenges
connect
challenge
railways
bridges
invent
The Great Wall of China, about 21,000 km long, is an example of epic 1 ____________. It took around 2,000 years to 2 __________. Workers faced many 3 __________, such as lifting heavy stones up hills. They invented clever ways and used special tools. Even today, engineers work hard to 4 ________ the old Wall.
Complete the passage with the words in the box.
Describing engineering works and challenges
complete
challenges
engineering
protect
complete
challenges
engineering
protect
engineering
complete
protect
challenges

A
D
B
E
C
F
Work in pairs. Student A chooses a card and asks questions. Student B answers.
Describing engineering works and challenges
I’ve got Card A. What is a dam
A dam is a wall built to stop the river water.
Is it hard to build Why
Yes, it’s hard to build because engineers must choose a good location.
An epic road
The Qinghai–Xizang Railway connects Xining and Lhasa, the capital cities of Qinghai and Xizang. It ended Xizang’s no-railway history and set a new record for the world’s highest railway. How did engineers deal with the challenges Let’s find out.
The railway itself is a world wonder. Work began in 1958, and it took over 50 years to complete. Although it was a difficult task, Chinese engineers and workers did their best to overcome the challenges.
The biggest challenge was permafrost—a type of frozen ground that remains at or below 0 C for at least two years. Most of the railway is built on it. The ground can break easily if it gets too warm. Though the engineers were not familiar with this problem, they invented ways to solve it. They built walls to block the sun. This could keep the ground colder and stronger. In some places, the railway is built above ground, like long bridges.
Another challenge was to protect the plants, rivers and animals along the line. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway passes through Kekexili and Qiangtang, places with many wild animals. The engineers built 25 special passages just for animals. Now the animals can cross the railway without danger.
Also, the air in the high mountains is thin, and the oxygen (O2) level is low. Passengers may feel sick. Engineers designed trains that can give passengers more oxygen.
Although there were epic challenges, Chinese engineers made history. Today, the Qinghai–Xizang Railway travels for 1,956 km across green rivers, along snowy mountains, by blue lakes, and through amazing deserts. It is an epic road.
Tick where you can read the text.

magazines
novels
cartoons
dictionaries
Read and find out the challenges and solutions.
Challenges Solutions
To solve the problem of permafrost, 1 ________________________ ________________________________________________.
2 ________________________ ________________________________________________.
To 3 ______________________ ___________________, engineers built 25 special passages, like bridges, just for animals.
To solve the problem of 4 _____ ________________, 5 ________________________ ________________________________________________.
the engineers built walls to block the sun. This could keep the ground colder and stronger
in some places, the railway is built above ground, like long bridges
protect the plants, rivers and animals along the line
low oxygen (O2) level
the engineers designed trains that can give passengers more oxygen
Answer the questions. Underline the key words in the text that support your answers.
1
2
What is permafrost and why is it a challenge for building railways
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What can we see when we take the Qinghai–Xizang Railway
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subskill: Finding definitions
Culture link
Permafrost is a type of frozen ground that remains at or below 0℃ for at least two years. It is a challenge for building railways because the ground can break easily if it gets too warm. This will damage the railway built on it.
We can see green rivers, snowy mountains, blue lakes, and amazing deserts.
3
Why is the Qinghai–Xizang Railway called an “epic road”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Answers may vary.)
We call the Qinghai–Xizang Railway an “epic road” because it is an engineering wonder. Chinese engineers and workers overcame epic challenges of building the world’s highest railway. They made history. Besides, the railway passes through 1,956 km of epic landscapes, including snowy mountains, green rivers, blue lakes, and amazing deserts.
Choose the correct answers.
1
2
3
4
5
If you connect two things, you ____.
a join them together b cut them into pieces
Engineers can ____.
a build bridges b write stories
Building a bridge ____ the wide river is a challenge for the engineers.
a over b along
The hall is full of people. But there is another passage to ____.
a go through b read on
Protect your eyes from the sun. ____ your sunglasses.
a Put on b Take off
Do you know what a tunnel is It is an underground 1 ________ that goes through a hill or under a river. The Gotthard Base Tunnel is the world’s longest and deepest tunnel. It 2 _________ Switzerland and Italy. It was a big 3 ________ because it goes through the Alps. The 4 _________ had to find out how to dig through the hard rock safely and 5 _______ the environment. Now the tunnel helps to reduce traffic and keep the mountains beautiful.
Complete the passage about the Gotthard Base Tunnel with the correct forms of the words from B4.
engineers
passage
connects
challenge
protect
Recall. What are some of the challenges that the engineers had to overcome in building the Qinghai–Xizang Railway
(Answers may vary.)
Chinese engineers overcame many challenges in building the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. They solved the problems of permafrost, low oxygen level in the high mountains, and protected the plants, rivers and animals along the line.
Evaluate. Think carefully about the challenges travellers may face when taking the Qinghai–Xizang Railway, such as low O2 levels, bad weather, and long journey. Find out reasons and possible solutions.
EXAMPLE
Challenge: Low O2 levels can make some passengers feel sick.
Reasons: The Qinghai–Xizang Railway holds the record for being the highest railway in the world. It goes very high up in the mountains. The air there is thin and the O2 level is low.
Possible solutions: Drink lots of water. Don’t jump or run. Take medicine.
Create. Imagine your friend is planning a trip on the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. Write at least three tips for a great trip and explain why each tip is important.
Tips Reasons
Take some medicine. Low O2 levels can make some passengers feel sick.
Take a camera. The view is beautiful. The Qinghai–Xizang
Railway travels across green rivers, along snowy mountains, by blue lakes, and through amazing deserts.
… …
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