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2024--2025学年第二学期
期中复习（八）年级（英语）学科基础知识自测单
八年级下册 Unit 3—Unit 4
一、词汇拓展
1. rubbish n.(不可数名词) 倒垃圾 take out the rubbish
2. fold v. →folded(过去式)→folded(过去分词) 叠衣服 fold the clothes
3. throw v. →threw(过去式)→thrown(过去分词)
throw away/out 扔掉
throw down 扔下
throw to(不含恶意)/at (含恶意) shout to/at
4. pass v.
传递 pass on
把某物传给某人 pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.
路过pass by
5. stress n. →pressure(同义词)
太多压力 too much stress/pressure 在压力之下 be under pressure
感到有压力的be/feel stressed out
6. waste n.&v.&adj.→save(反义词)(v.)节省；节约
a waste of time=waste time
waste/spend 时间/金钱 + (in) doing/+ on sth.
7.provide v. →offer（同义词）
(offer)为…提供…offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.
主动要求做某事 offer to do sth.
(provide)为某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
8. depend v. →dependent(adj.)依赖的；依靠的→dependence(n.)依赖；依靠→independent(adj.)独立的；自主的→independence (n.) 独立（性）
培养某人独立性develop one’s independence
依赖、取决于depend on
9. development n. →developing(adj.)发展中的→developed(adj.)发达的→development(n.)发展；发育；成长
10. fair adj. →unfair(adj.)不公平的；不公正的→fairness(n.)公平；公正性；合理性
a book fair图书展览会
11. drop(v.)落下；掉下→dropped(过去式/过去分词)→dropping(现在分词)
顺便拜访 drop by
12. allow v.
允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许做某事allow doing sth.
被允许做某事 be allowed to do sth.
munication n. 沟通；交流→communicate(n.)交流；沟通
和某人交流 communicate sth with sb./have a communication with sb.
14. argue v. 争吵；争论→argument(n.)争吵；争论
和某人就某事争吵 argue with sb. about/over sth.
15. elder adj. 哥哥elder brother
elderly adj年纪大的 the elderly 老人
16. explain v. 向某人解释某事 explain sth to sb.
17. copy v. →copied(过去式)→copied(过去分词) →copies(单三)
抄作业copy homework
18. return v.
回到某地 return to sp. 回家 return home
归还某物给某人 return sth to sb.= return sb. sth.
pete v. →competition(n.)竞争；竞赛→competitor(n.)竞争者; 对手→competitive (adj.) 有竞争力的
和某人为某事竞争，对抗compete with/ against sb.(for sth)
20. opinion n. 在我看来in my opinion 对…有想法 have an opinion about/ on/ of sb. /sth
21. typical adj. 一个典型的美国家庭 a typical American family
22. continue v. 继续做某事continue doing(同一件事)/to do sth.(另一件事)
pare v. 与…比较 compare A with B 把…比作 compare A to B
24. crazy adj. →crazier(比较级)→craziest(最高级)→crazily (adv.)
对…狂热，热衷 be crazy about sth.
让某人抓狂 drive sb. crazy/mad
25. push v. 把某人逼得太紧 push sb. so hard
26. cause v&n. 惹麻烦 cause trouble
二、重点短语
1. 一.....就...... as soon as (主将从现)
2.目的是；为了 in order to do/in order that+句子 = so as to do/ so that
3.快速查看；浏览 look through
4.成功地发展；解决 work out
5.和睦相处；关系良好 get on (well) with/get along (well) with
6.代替 instead of+doing
7.删除；删去 cut out
8.惊讶地 in surprise
9.和......吵架 (get into a) fight with = fight with
10. 某人没有必要做某事 There is no need for sb. to do sth.
11. 结果 as a result
12. be always doing 总是/一直……（含有某种情绪）
13. find/notice/see/watch/hear/feel sb. doing(正在做)/do(全过程或经常做) sth.
三．重点知识回顾与整合
1. borrow/lend/keep
borrow 借入 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend 借出 lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
keep 保留，留存 sb. keep sth. for +时间段 某人借某物多长时间
用borrow, lend, keep的适当形式填空。
(1)I ___________ two books from him yesterday.
(2) He ___________ his car to his friend last week.
(3) –Can I ___________ Robinson Crusoe, Mrs. Li
–Sure. It’s very interesting, but you can only ___________ it for two weeks.
【答案】1. borrowed 2. lent 3. borrow; keep
2. instead/instead of/rather than
instead 副词， 意为“代替；反而；却”, 修饰整个句子，位于句首或句末。
instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后面跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。
rather than 连词短语，意为“而不是”，连接两个相同的结构。如果连接不定式to do, to要省去
用instead/instead of/rather than完成句子。
(1) It will be sunny tomorrow, and I will ride my bike to school ______________ taking the bus.
(2) The boy doesn’t like swimming, so he decides to play football ______________.
(3) I’d like to have a cold drink ______________ coffee on such a hot day.
【答案】1. instead of 2. instead 3. instead of/rather than
3. in order to/so as to/in order that/so that 目的是；为了
in order to+v-原形，可位于句首，也可位于句中
so as to+v-原形，只能位于句中
in order that+句子
so that+句子
翻译句子：为了赶上早班车，他不得不早起。
(1) In order to catch the early bus, he has to get up early.
(2) He has to get up early so as to catch the early bus.
(3) He has to get up early in order that he can catch the early bus.
(4) He has to get up early so that he can catch the early bus.
4. because/since/as辨析
(1) because “因为”, 表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答由why提问的问句。
(2) since “既然，由于”, 常用来表示众所周知的原因。since从句通常位于主句之前，其语气比as稍强。
(3) as表示原因时，语气比because和since都弱，引导的从句位于主句前后均可。
(4) for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，常放在句尾。
语气强弱：because>since>as>for
Eg. He took off his coat because it was too hot in the room.
Since you come, wait for more time please.
As you were out, I left a message for you.
There must be nobody in the classroom, for the light is off.
四、重点语法
【精讲点拨】
状语从句知识点讲解
定义：在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语部分。
考点：状语从句有九种，其主要考点为各类连接词，理解句子即可。
分类 连接词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until/ till， not…until, as soon as
条件状语从句 if, unless，as long as
地点状语从句 where, wherever
原因状语从句 because, since, as
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
结果状语从句 so…that, such…that
让步状语从句 although/though, even if/ though, wh-+疑问词, no matter+疑问词
比较状语从句 as……as，not as/so……as, ……than
方式状语从句 as,as if, as though
一、时间状语从句
（1）when/while/as
when 引导的时间状语从句意为“当…时候”，表示从句和主句的动作先后或者同时发生。从句中的谓语动词可以用短暂性动词也可以用延续性动词。
例如：When the teacher came in, we were talking.
When I first arrived in this country, I had nothing.
while 引导的时间状语从句意为“当…时候”，表示从句和主句的动作同时发生。从句中的谓语动词必须用延续性动词。 例如：I was sleeping while Tom was watching TV.
从长while/when，从短when，主从都长用while
3) as 引导的时间状语从句意为“一边…一边”，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
例如：She sang as she worked.
（2）before指主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 after 指主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
例如： I’ll be back before you leave. 你离开之前我就会回来。
What will you do after you graduate 你毕业之后想要干什么？
（3） since引导的时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时，例如：He has been worried since the letter arrived. 自从收到信，他就一直很担心。
（4）till和until同义，意为直到，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首; 其主句的谓语通常是延续性动词。当主句的谓语是短暂性动词时，通常用否定形式，即not…until，意为直到…才。
例如：He waited until she had finished speaking.
I won’t go with you until I finished my homework.
（5）as soon as意为一…就，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作立马就发生。 (主将从现)
例如：As soon as we get there, he will tell us the news. 我们一到那，他就会告诉我们那个消息。
二、条件状语从句
（1）if引导的条件状语从句意为如果。(if ，如果，“主将从现”；if，是否，时态根据句意)
例如：If I were you, I’d start looking for another job.
（2）unless意为除非，相当于if…not。
例如：I sleep with the window open unless it’s really cold.
（3）as long as 意为只要
例如：We’ll go as long as the weather is fine.
注意: 含有时间和条件状语从句的复合，需遵循主将从现的原则。
例如：I’ll tell you everything when I come back.
三、地点状语从句
常用where引导， 例如：The bus will take you where you’re going.
四、原因状语从句
常由because, since, as引导。because引导的从句语气最强, since比because弱，as的语气最弱，附带原因和理由。
例如： The food tastes great because I am so hungry.
Since no one is against it, we’ll do that.
As you were out, I left a message.
五、目的状语从句
常由in order that/so that引导，意为“为了……，目的是”。
例如：He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.
I am saving money in order that I can buy a car.
六、结果状语从句
连接词： so……that; such……that. “如此……以致于……”
such和so用法辨析：
用法 常用结构
such 修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 such+形容词+名词
so 修饰形容词或副词 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词单数 so+ many/few /much/little +名词
例如：Such a little girl can speak so many languages.
This is such a useful book that everyone likes it.
七、让步状语从句
连接词though/ although 引导的从句意为“虽然，即使”，不能和but连用。
even if/ even though意为即使，语气更强。
疑问词+ever 可以和no matter +疑问词互换。
例如： Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
I’ll go there, even if I have to walk.
Whatever decision he made I would support it.
八、比较状语从句
在句中表示比较的从句，常由as, than 引导。
例如：Maybe by the end of this term, you will be as tall as I am.
The result was better than I expected.
九、方式状语从句
在句中表示方式的从句，常由as, as if, as though引导。
例如：You should do as Paul tells you.
He treats his elder brother as if he was a stranger.
【基础训练】
( )1. I won’t believe that the little boy can read five thousand words ________ I test him myself.
A．after B．when C．if D．until直到......才......
( )2. Love your parents while they are alive. Don’t wait ________ it is too late.不要等到为时已晚。
A．until直到......才...... B．though C．because D．unless
( )3. —I can’t get on well with my family.
—Why not talk with them You should communicate ________ things become worse.
A．until B．unless C．after D．before
( )4. —When will you go to see your grandpa
—I’ll see him ________ I get off the plane. You know I miss him very much.
A．as soon as时间状从 B．as long as条件状从 C．as far as D．as easily as
( )5. I love to listen to rock music ________ I am running.
A．while当...时 B．after C．since D．until
( )6. I wonder if 是否 he ________ time tomorrow，if如果“主将从现” he ________ free, I’ll invite him to give a speech in our school.
A．will have; is B．has; will be C．will; have D．has; is
( )7. ________ you want to watch television, I will turn it off now.
A．Since B．As C．Until D．Unless（=if...not）
( )8. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You ________ the changes if you come.
A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen
( )9. Nothing is impossible ________ you put your heart into it!
A．as much as B．as possible as尽可能
C．as far as D．as long as条件状从 “只要”
( )10. —Excuse me. Where is the nearest hotel
—Just go down this road ________ you see a library. It’s across from it.
A．until B．because C．however D．though
( )11. Tom and Jerry really love each other ________ they fight a lot.
A．if B．though C．until D．because
( )12. Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A．so that以便；为了 B．even though C．in order to+词 D．instead of
( )13. Huawei has put so much into research ________ it has become a great company in the world.
A．that如此.....以至于...... B．while C．because D．as
( )14. The doctors were ________ busy ________ they had no time to rest.
A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to
( )15. Judy is an outgoing girl. She shows everything on her face, ________ she is happy or not.
A．whether B．until C．unless D．although
( )16. —Although Zhong Nanshan knows COVID-19 is more ________ to old people, ________ he cares little for his own safety.
—He is the pride of us. We all respect him.
A．danger; but B．dangerous;/ C．dangerous; but D．danger;/
( )17. ________ he is my favorite singer, I didn’t buy his new CD．
A．If B．Ever since C．Even though D．Because
( )18. The fridge is environmentally friendly环保的 ________ it uses less electricity.
A．because B．until C．before D．though
( )19. ________ we’ve made the promise, let’s keep to it and not give up easily.
A．Whether B．Since因为;由于;既然;从…以后;自…以来 C．Though D．Unless
( )20. You must make sure your mask (口罩) is clean ________ you put it on.
A．before B．after C．since D．where
1-5 DADAA 6-10ADCDA
11-15BAABA 16-20BCABA2024--2025学年第二学期
期中复习（八）年级（英语）学科基础知识自测单
八年级下册 Unit 3—Unit 4
一、词汇拓展
1. rubbish n. (不可数名词) 倒垃圾 __________________
2. fold v. →____________ (过去式)→____________ (过去分词) 叠衣服 __________________
3. throw v. →____________ (过去式)→____________ (过去分词)
扔掉___________________ 扔下___________________ 扔向___________________
pass v. 传递 ___________________ 把某物传给某人 ___________________
路过 ___________________
5. stress n. →____________ (同义词)
太多压力 ___________________ 在压力之下 ___________________
感到有压力的 ___________________
6. waste n.&v.&adj.→____________ (反义词)(v.)节省；节约
浪费时间 ___________________=___________________
7.provide v. →____________（同义词）
(offer)为…提供…___________________=___________________
主动要求做某事 ___________________
(provide)为某人提供某物 ___________________=___________________
8. depend v. →____________ (adj.)依赖的；依靠的→____________ (n.)依赖；依靠→____________ (adj.)独立的；自主的→____________ (n.) 独立（性）
培养某人独立性 ___________________ 依赖、取决于___________________
9. development n. →____________ (adj.)发展中的→____________ (adj.)发达的→____________ (n.)发展；发育；成长
发展中国家___________________ 发达国家___________________
随着…的发展___________________
10. fair adj. →____________ (adj.)不公平的；不公正的→____________ (n.)公平；公正性；合理性
图书展览会 ___________________
11. drop(v.)落下；掉下→____________ (过去式/过去分词)→____________(现在分词)
顺便拜访 ___________________
12. allow v. 允许某人做某事___________________ 允许做某事___________________
被允许做某事 ___________________
munication n. 沟通；交流→____________ (n.)交流；沟通
和某人交流 ___________________
14. argue v. 争吵；争论→____________ (n.)争吵；争论 和某人就某事争吵 ___________________
15. elder adj. 哥哥____________
elderly adj年纪大的 老人___________________
16. explain v. →____________ (n.)解释；说明 向某人解释某事 ___________________.
17. copy v. →____________ (过去式)→____________ (过去分词) →____________ (单三)
抄作业___________________
18. return v. 回到某地 ___________________ 回家 ___________________
归还某物给某人 ___________________
pete v. →____________ (n.)竞争；竞赛→____________ (n.)竞争者; 对手→____________ (adj.) 有竞争力的 和某人为某事竞争，对抗___________________
20. opinion n. 在我看来___________________ 对…有想法 ___________________
21. typical adj. 一个典型的美国家庭 ___________________
22. continue v. 继续做某事___________________ (同一件事)/ ___________________ (另一件事)
pare v. 与…比较 ___________________ 把…比作 ___________________
24. crazy adj. →____________ (比较级)→____________ (最高级)→____________ (adv.)
对…狂热，热衷 ___________________ 让某人抓狂 ___________________
25. push v. 把某人逼得太紧 ___________________
26. cause v&n. 惹麻烦 ___________________
二、重点短语
1. 一.....就...... ___________________ (主将从现)
2.目的是；为了 ___________________
3.快速查看；浏览 ___________________
4.成功地发展；解决 ___________________
5.和睦相处；关系良好 ___________________
6.代替 ___________________
7.删除；删去 ___________________
8.惊讶地 ___________________
9.和......吵架 ___________________
10. 某人没有必要做某事 ___________________
11. 结果 ___________________
12. 总是/一直……（含有某种情绪）___________________
13. find/notice/see/watch/hear/feel sb. doing(正在做)/do(全过程或经常做) sth.
三．重点知识回顾与整合
1. borrow/lend/keep
borrow 借入 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
lend 借出 lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
keep 保留，留存 sb. keep sth. for +时间段 某人借某物多长时间
用borrow, lend, keep的适当形式填空。
(1)I ___________ two books from him yesterday.
(2) He ___________ his car to his friend last week.
(3) –Can I ___________ Robinson Crusoe, Mrs. Li
–Sure. It’s very interesting, but you can only ___________ it for two weeks.
2. instead/instead of/rather than
instead 副词， 意为“代替；反而；却”, 修饰整个句子，位于句首或句末。
instead of 介词短语，意为“代替；而不是”，后面跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。
rather than 连词短语，意为“而不是”，连接两个相同的结构。如果连接不定式to do, to要省去
用instead/instead of/rather than完成句子。
(1) It will be sunny tomorrow, and I will ride my bike to school ______________ taking the bus.
(2) The boy doesn’t like swimming, so he decides to play football ______________.
(3) I’d like to have a cold drink ______________ coffee on such a hot day.
3. in order to/so as to/in order that/so that 目的是；为了
in order to+v-原形，可位于句首，也可位于句中
so as to+v-原形，只能位于句中
in order that+句子
so that+句子
翻译句子：为了赶上早班车，他不得不早起。
(1)_______________________________________________________________
(2) _______________________________________________________________
(3)_______________________________________________________________
(4)_______________________________________________________________
四、重点语法
【精讲点拨】
状语从句知识点讲解
定义：在句中作状语的从句叫状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语部分。
考点：状语从句有九种，其主要考点为各类连接词，理解句子即可。
分类 连接词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, since, until/ till， not…until, as soon as
条件状语从句 if, unless，as long as
地点状语从句 where, wherever
原因状语从句 because, since, as
目的状语从句 so that, in order that
结果状语从句 so…that, such…that
让步状语从句 although/though, even if/ though, wh-+疑问词, no matter+疑问词
比较状语从句 as……as，not as/so……as, ……than
方式状语从句 as,as if, as though
(一)、时间状语从句
（1）when/while/as
when 引导的时间状语从句意为“当…时候”，表示从句和主句的动作先后或者同时发生。从句中的谓语动词可以用短暂性动词也可以用延续性动词。
例如：When the teacher came in, we were talking.
When I first arrived on this country, I had nothing.
while 引导的时间状语从句意为“当…时候”，表示从句和主句的动作同时发生。从句中的谓语动词必须用延续性动词。 例如：I was sleeping while Tom was watching TV.
从长while/when，从短when，主从都长用while
3) as 引导的时间状语从句意为“一边…一边”，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
例如：She sang as she worked.
（2）before指主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。 after 指主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
例如： I’ll be back before. 你离开之前我就会回来。
What will you do after you graduate 你毕业之后想要干什么？
（3） since引导的时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时，例如：He has been worried since the letter arrived. 自从收到信，他就一直很担心。
（4）till和until同义，意为直到，till多用于非正式文体，until多用于句首; 其主句的谓语通常是延续性动词。当主句的谓语是短暂性动词时，通常用否定形式，即not…until，意为直到…才。
例如：He waited until she had finished speaking.
I won’t go with you until I finished my homework.
（5）as soon as意为一…就，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作立马就发生。 (主将从现)
例如：As soon as we get there, he will tell us the news. 我们一到那，他就会告诉我们那个消息。
(二)、条件状语从句
（1）if引导的条件状语从句意为如果。(if ，如果，“主将从现”；if，是否，时态根据句意)
例如：If I were you, I’d start looking for another job.
（2）unless意为除非，相当于if…not。
例如：I sleep with the window open unless it’s really cold.
（3）as long as 意为只要
例如：We’ll go as long as the weather is fine.
注意: 含有时间和条件状语从句的复合，需遵循主将从现的原则。
例如：I’ll tell you everything when I come back.
(三)、地点状语从句
常用where引导， 例如：The bus will take you where you’re going.
(四)、原因状语从句
常由because, since, as引导。because引导的从句语气最强, since比because弱，as的语气最弱，附带原因和理由。
例如： The food tastes great because I am so hungry.
Since no one is against it, we’ll do that.
As you were out, I left a message.
(五)、目的状语从句
常由in order that/so that引导，意为“为了……，目的是”。
例如：He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.
I am saving money in order that I can buy a car.
(六)、结果状语从句
连接词： so……that; such……that. “如此……以致于……”
such和so用法辨析：
用法 常用结构
such 修饰名词 such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数 such+形容词+名词
so 修饰形容词或副词 so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数 so+ many/few /much/little +名词
例如：Such a little girl can speak so many languages.
This is such a useful book that everyone likes it.
(七)、让步状语从句
连接词though/ although 引导的从句意为“虽然，即使”，不能和but连用。
even if/ even though意为即使，语气更强。
疑问词+ever 可以和no matter +疑问词互换。
例如： Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
I’ll go there, even if I have to walk.
Whatever decision he made I would support it.
(八)、比较状语从句
在句中表示比较的从句，常由as, than 引导。
例如：Maybe by the end of this term, you will be as tall as I am.
The result was better than I expected.
(九)、方式状语从句
在句中表示方式的从句，常由as, as if, as though引导。
例如：You should do as Paul tells you.
He treats his elder brother as if he was a stranger.
【基础训练】
( )1. I won’t believe that the little boy can read five thousand words ________ I test him myself.
A．after B．when C．if D．until.
( )2. Love your parents while they are alive. Don’t wait ________ it is too late.
A．until B．though C．because D．unless
( )3. —I can’t get on well with my family.
—Why not talk with them You should communicate ________ things become worse.
A．until B．unless C．after D．before
( )4. —When will you go to see your grandpa
—I’ll see him ________ I get off the plane. You know I miss him very much.
A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．as easily as
( )5. I love to listen to rock music ________ I am running.
A．while B．after C．since D．until
( )6. I wonder if he ________ time tomorrow，if he ________ free, I’ll invite him to give a speech in our school.
A．will have; is B．has; will be C．will; have D．has; is
( )7. ________ you want to watch television, I will turn it off now.
A．Since B．As C．Until D．Unless
( )8. My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You ________ the changes if you come.
A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen
( )9. Nothing is impossible ________ you put your heart into it!
A．as much as B．as possible as
C．as far as D．as long as
( )10. —Excuse me. Where is the nearest hotel
—Just go down this road ________ you see a library. It’s across from it.
A．until B．because C．however D．though
( )11. Tom and Jerry really love each other ________ they fight a lot.
A．if B．though C．until D．because
( )12. Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A．so that B．even though C．in order to D．instead of
( )13. Huawei has put so much into research ________ it has become a great company in the world.
A．that B．while C．because D．as
( )14. The doctors were ________ busy ________ they had no time to rest.
A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to
( )15. Judy is an outgoing girl. She shows everything on her face, ________ she is happy or not.
A．whether B．until C．unless D．although
( )16. —Although Zhong Nanshan knows COVID-19 is more ________ to old people, ________ he cares little for his own safety.
—He is the pride of us. We all respect him.
A．danger; but B．dangerous;/ C．dangerous; but D．danger;/
( )17. ________ he is my favorite singer, I didn’t buy his new CD．
A．If B．Ever since C．Even though D．Because
( )18. The fridge is environmentally friendly ________ it uses less electricity.
A．because B．until C．before D．though
( )19. ________ we’ve made the promise, let’s keep to it and not give up easily.
A．Whether B．Since C．Though D．Unless
( )20. You must make sure your mask (口罩) is clean ________ you put it on.
A．before B．after C．since D．where
答案
一、词汇拓展
1. rubbish n.(不可数名词) 倒垃圾 take out the rubbish
2. fold v. →folded(过去式)→folded(过去分词) 叠衣服 fold the clothes
3. throw v. →threw(过去式)→thrown(过去分词)
throw away/out 扔掉
throw down 扔下
throw to(不含恶意)/at (含恶意) shout to/at
4. pass v.
传递 pass on
把某物传给某人 pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.
路过pass by
5. stress n. →pressure(同义词)
太多压力 too much stress/pressure 在压力之下 be under pressure
感到有压力的be/feel stressed out
6. waste n.&v.&adj.→save(反义词)(v.)节省；节约
a waste of time=waste time
waste/spend 时间/金钱 + (in) doing/+ on sth.
7.provide v. →offer（同义词）
(offer)为…提供…offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.
主动要求做某事 offer to do sth.
(provide)为某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.
8. depend v. →dependent(adj.)依赖的；依靠的→dependence(n.)依赖；依靠→independent(adj.)独立的；自主的→independence (n.) 独立（性）
培养某人独立性develop one’s independence
依赖、取决于depend on
9. development n. →developing(adj.)发展中的→developed(adj.)发达的→development(n.)发展；发育；成长
10. fair adj. →unfair(adj.)不公平的；不公正的→fairness(n.)公平；公正性；合理性
a book fair图书展览会
11. drop(v.)落下；掉下→dropped(过去式/过去分词)→dropping(现在分词)
顺便拜访 drop by
12. allow v.
允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许做某事allow doing sth.
被允许做某事 be allowed to do sth.
munication n. 沟通；交流→communicate(n.)交流；沟通
和某人交流 communicate sth with sb./have a communication with sb.
14. argue v. 争吵；争论→argument(n.)争吵；争论
和某人就某事争吵 argue with sb. about/over sth.
15. elder adj. 哥哥elder brother
elderly adj年纪大的 the elderly 老人
16. explain v. 向某人解释某事 explain sth to sb.
17. copy v. →copied(过去式)→copied(过去分词) →copies(单三)
抄作业copy homework
18. return v.
回到某地 return to sp. 回家 return home
归还某物给某人 return sth to sb.= return sb. sth.
pete v. →competition(n.)竞争；竞赛→competitor(n.)竞争者; 对手→competitive (adj.) 有竞争力的 和某人为某事竞争，对抗compete with/ against sb.(for sth)
20. opinion n. 在我看来in my opinion 对…有想法 have an opinion about/ on/ of sb. /sth
21. typical adj. 一个典型的美国家庭 a typical American family
22. continue v. 继续做某事continue doing(同一件事)/to do sth.(另一件事)
pare v. 与…比较 compare A with B 把…比作 compare A to B
24. crazy adj. →crazier(比较级)→craziest(最高级)→crazily (adv.)
对…狂热，热衷 be crazy about sth. 让某人抓狂 drive sb. crazy/mad
25. push v. 把某人逼得太紧 push sb. so hard
26. cause v&n. 惹麻烦 cause trouble
二、重点短语
1. 一.....就...... as soon as (主将从现)
2.目的是；为了 in order to do/in order that+句子 = so as to do/ so that
3.快速查看；浏览 look through
4.成功地发展；解决 work out
5.和睦相处；关系良好 get on (well) with/get along (well) with
6.代替 instead of+doing
7.删除；删去 cut out
8.惊讶地 in surprise
9.和......吵架 (get into a) fight with = fight with
10. 某人没有必要做某事 There is no need for sb. to do sth.
11. 结果 as a result
12. be always doing 总是/一直……（含有某种情绪）
13. find/notice/see/watch/hear/feel sb. doing(正在做)/do(全过程或经常做) sth.

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