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学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Unit 5 Water is life
重点语法：谈论数量精讲练
语法知识精讲
一、可数名词的数量表达
1. 肯定句
- a few + 复数名词（少量）
There are a few apples on the table.
- several + 复数名词（几个）
She bought several books.
- many + 复数名词（许多）
Many students joined the club.
2. 否定句/疑问句
- any + 复数名词（用于否定或疑问）
Are there any eggs left
There aren’t any chairs here.
3. 修饰数量的词
- a number of + 复数名词（许多，谓语用复数）
A number of visitors have arrived.
- the number of + 复数名词（...的数量，谓语用单数）
The number of cars is increasing.
二、不可数名词的数量表达
1. 肯定句
- a little + 不可数名词（少量）
Add a little sugar to the coffee.
- much + 不可数名词（许多，常用于否定/疑问）
We don’t have much time.
2. 表示“一些”
- some + 不可数名词（肯定句）
There is some water in the bottle.
- any + 不可数名词（否定/疑问）
Is there any milk in the fridge
3. 量化表达
- a piece of（一张/片）: a piece of paper
- a cup of（一杯）: a cup of tea
- a bottle of（一瓶）: a bottle of juice
三、通用表达（可数/不可数均可）
1. some / any
- I need some help.（不可数）
- Do you have any friends here （可数）
2. a lot of / lots of（口语常用）
- She has a lot of homework.（不可数）
- Lots of people came.（可数）
3. all / most / some / none
- All the money is gone.（不可数）
- Most students passed the exam.（可数）
四、易错点提醒
1. few vs. a few / little vs. a little
- few/a few + 可数名词（few=几乎没有；a few=有几个）
He has few friends.（几乎没朋友）
He has a few friends.（有几个朋友）
- little/a little + 不可数名词（同理）
2. how many vs. how much
- How many + 复数名词（问可数数量）
How many days are there in a week
- How much + 不可数名词（问不可数数量或价格）
How much rice do you want
3. 注意主谓一致
- A lot of food was eaten.（不可数→单数）
- A lot of people were late.（可数→复数）
语法知识精练
一、单项选择（每小题2分，满分60分）
1．—What ________ does he have in his schoolbag
—________ money.
A．other; Many B．others; Lots C．else; Lot of D．else; A lot of
2．________ can help us learn ________ about the world.
A．Reading; a lot of B．Read; lots of C．Read; a lot D．Reading; a lot
3．I’m learning ________ about Chinese history.
A．lot B．a lot of C．lots of D．a lot
4．The panda eats ________ bamboo every day.
A．a lot B．lot of C．lots of D．a lots of
5．There are ________ animals in the zoo, and I like pandas ________.
A．a lot of; lots of B．a lot of; a lot C．lots of; a lot of D．a lot; a lot
6．Sorry, I have ________ homework to do, so I can’t go out with you.
A．lots of B．a lot C．a lots of D．lot of
7．My father ________ friends here, so he never feels lonely.
A．have lots of B．has lots of C．has lot of D．have lot of
8．You can learn ________ about the school from the book.
A．many B．a lot of C．lots of D．a lot
9．He doesn’t have ________ time to play because he has ________ things to do.
A．many; much B．lots of; much C．much; a lot of D．a lot of; much
10．—________ beef do you want
—One and a half ________.
A．How many; kilo B．How much; kilos
C．How many; kilos D．How much: kilo
11．I don’t have ________ time for breakfast.
A．many B．much C．lot of D．a lot
12．Don’t watch too _________ TV. It’s bad for your eyes.
A．much B．many C．little D．few
13．It’s ________ fun to see so ________ wonderful paintings at the museum.
A．a, many B．不填, many C．a, much D．不填, much
14．We should eat ________ vegetables because they are good for our health.
A．a little B．few C．many D．much
15．—Why does Helen have _______ friends in the school
—Because she is new and many students don’t know her at all.
A．few B．many C．little D．a few
16．There is too ________ water in this lake, so fish in it all die (死).
A．much B．few C．little D．many
17．In the past, there were ________ low houses in the village. The villagers didn’t have ________ money.
A．many; many B．much; much C．many; much D．much; many
18．—Why do you buy so ________
—Because they’re cheap. You should get some too.
A．many tomatoes B．much bananas C．many bread D．much salt
19．— Do you have any water
— Yes, I have ________ in my glass.
A．little B．few C．a few D．a little
20．Bobby bought ________ bags of rice and ________ meat from the shop.
A．a little; few B．a few; a little C．a little; a few D．a few; few
21．There are ________ tomatoes, but there is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
A．few; little B．a little; little C．a few; little D．a few; few
22．Paul has ________ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A．many B．some C．more D．few
23．Lucy, hurry up! We have ________ time left.
A．little B．a few C．a little D．much
24．—Shall we leave now
—Don’t hurry. We still have ________ time left.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
25．Students should spend as _________ time as possible on electronic devices in order to protect their eyes.
A．little B．few C．less D．fewer
26．Despite extensive promotional effort, ________ children in the remote mountain village participated in the annual charity concert, leaving the organizers deeply disappointed.
A．a few B．few C．little D．a little
27．I have ________ coffee here. Can you give me some
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
28．Be careful. We should try to make ________ mistakes.
A．a few B．few C．a little D．little
29．He’s bought ________ green peppers but only ________ cooking oil.
A．too much; a few B．too many; a little
C．a few; too little D．a little; too many
30．There aren’t too many new words in the letter, but only ________ students can understand it.
A．a few B．few C．a little D．little学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
Unit 5 Water is life
重点语法：谈论数量精讲练
语法知识精讲
一、可数名词的数量表达
1. 肯定句
- a few + 复数名词（少量）
There are a few apples on the table.
- several + 复数名词（几个）
She bought several books.
- many + 复数名词（许多）
Many students joined the club.
2. 否定句/疑问句
- any + 复数名词（用于否定或疑问）
Are there any eggs left
There aren’t any chairs here.
3. 修饰数量的词
- a number of + 复数名词（许多，谓语用复数）
A number of visitors have arrived.
- the number of + 复数名词（...的数量，谓语用单数）
The number of cars is increasing.
二、不可数名词的数量表达
1. 肯定句
- a little + 不可数名词（少量）
Add a little sugar to the coffee.
- much + 不可数名词（许多，常用于否定/疑问）
We don’t have much time.
2. 表示“一些”
- some + 不可数名词（肯定句）
There is some water in the bottle.
- any + 不可数名词（否定/疑问）
Is there any milk in the fridge
3. 量化表达
- a piece of（一张/片）: a piece of paper
- a cup of（一杯）: a cup of tea
- a bottle of（一瓶）: a bottle of juice
三、通用表达（可数/不可数均可）
1. some / any
- I need some help.（不可数）
- Do you have any friends here （可数）
2. a lot of / lots of（口语常用）
- She has a lot of homework.（不可数）
- Lots of people came.（可数）
3. all / most / some / none
- All the money is gone.（不可数）
- Most students passed the exam.（可数）
四、易错点提醒
1. few vs. a few / little vs. a little
- few/a few + 可数名词（few=几乎没有；a few=有几个）
He has few friends.（几乎没朋友）
He has a few friends.（有几个朋友）
- little/a little + 不可数名词（同理）
2. how many vs. how much
- How many + 复数名词（问可数数量）
How many days are there in a week
- How much + 不可数名词（问不可数数量或价格）
How much rice do you want
3. 注意主谓一致
- A lot of food was eaten.（不可数→单数）
- A lot of people were late.（可数→复数）
语法知识精练
一、单项选择（每小题2分，满分60分）
1．—What ________ does he have in his schoolbag
—________ money.
A．other; Many B．others; Lots C．else; Lot of D．else; A lot of
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——在他的书包里，他有别的什么东西么？——很多钱。
考查限定词。other其他的，放在名词前修饰；others其他的人或物；else其他的，放在不定代词或疑问词后修饰；many许多，接可数名词复数形式；lots of=a lot of许多，接可数名词或不可数名词。疑问词“What”后用“else”修饰。“money”是不可数名词，用“a lot of”或“lots of”。故选D。
2．________ can help us learn ________ about the world.
A．Reading; a lot of B．Read; lots of C．Read; a lot D．Reading; a lot
【答案】D
【详解】句意：阅读能帮我们了解很多有关世界的情况。
考查动名词作主语和词汇辨析。句子中已有谓语动词“can help”，第一空需要一个非谓语动词作主语，所以排除B、C选项。a lot of/lots of表示“许多”，两者都修饰名词，a lot很，非常，副词或作代词，表示很多，由learn可知，空处需用代词作宾语，learn a lot 意为“了解很多”。故选D。
3．I’m learning ________ about Chinese history.
A．lot B．a lot of C．lots of D．a lot
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我正在学习很多关于中国历史的知识。
考查副词辨析。lot许多（通常用于a lot of或lots of）；a lot of许多（修饰名词）；lots of许多（修饰名词）；a lot很多（修饰动词或形容词）。根据句意可知，此处修饰动词“learning”，用a lot符合语境。故选D。
4．The panda eats ________ bamboo every day.
A．a lot B．lot of C．lots of D．a lots of
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这只熊猫每天吃很多竹子。
考查短语辨析。a lot很，非常，许多，修饰动词；lot of错误搭配；lots of许多，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；a lots of错误搭配。根据“bamboo”可知，此处使用lots of，表示“许多竹子”。故选C。
5．There are ________ animals in the zoo, and I like pandas ________.
A．a lot of; lots of B．a lot of; a lot C．lots of; a lot of D．a lot; a lot
【答案】B
【详解】句意：动物园里有很多动物，我非常喜欢熊猫。
考查短语辨析。a lot of很多，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；lots of很多，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；a lot非常，修饰动词。第一空修饰可数名词复数animals，应用a lot of或lots of；第二空修饰动词like，应用a lot。故选B。
6．Sorry, I have ________ homework to do, so I can’t go out with you.
A．lots of B．a lot C．a lots of D．lot of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：对不起，我有许多作业要做，所以我不能和你出去。
考查短语。lots of许多，修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词；a lot非常；a lots of错误表达；lot of错误表达。结合“homework”是不可数名词，所以用lots of修饰。故选A。
7．My father ________ friends here, so he never feels lonely.
A．have lots of B．has lots of C．has lot of D．have lot of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我父亲在这里有很多朋友，所以他从不感到孤独。
考查主谓一致及lots of的用法。主语My father是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故排除选项A和D；“许多”的表达为lots of或者a lot of，所以选项C错误。故选B。
8．You can learn ________ about the school from the book.
A．many B．a lot of C．lots of D．a lot
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你可以从这本书上学习到许多关于学校的事。
考查短语辨析。many许多；a lot of很多；lots of很多；a lot很多。空处做谓语动词learn的宾语，应用名词短语a lot。故选D。
9．He doesn’t have ________ time to play because he has ________ things to do.
A．many; much B．lots of; much C．much; a lot of D．a lot of; much
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他没有很多时间玩因为他有很多事情要做。
考查形容词和形容词短语。many许多，修饰复数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；lots of 许多，修饰可数或不可数名词；a lot of许多，修饰可数或不可数名词。time为不可数名词，因此应用much, lots of 或 a lot of 来修饰，排除A；things为复数名词，不能用much修饰，排除B、D。故选C。
10．—________ beef do you want
—One and a half ________.
A．How many; kilo B．How much; kilos
C．How many; kilos D．How much: kilo
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你想要多少牛肉？——1.5公斤。
考查特殊疑问句和名词用法。how many多少，询问复数名词数量；how much多少，询问不可数名词数量；kilo千克，可数名词。beef“牛肉”，不可数名词，询问数量用how much；one and a half后跟可数名词复数形式。故选B。
11．I don’t have ________ time for breakfast.
A．many B．much C．lot of D．a lot
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我没有很多时间吃早餐。
考查much用法。many“许多”，用来修饰可数名词复数；much“许多”，用于修饰不可数名词；lot of表达错误；a lot“很，非常”，副词短语。空后“time”为不可数名词，应用much修饰“time”。故选B。
12．Don’t watch too _________ TV. It’s bad for your eyes.
A．much B．many C．little D．few
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不要看太多电视，这对你的眼睛不好。
考查代词用法。much很多，修饰不可数名词；many很多，修饰可数名词复数；little一点，修饰不可数名词；few少许，修饰可数名词复数。根据“It’s bad for your eyes.”可知，建议不要看太多电视，用too much，故选A。
13．It’s ________ fun to see so ________ wonderful paintings at the museum.
A．a, many B．不填, many C．a, much D．不填, much
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在博物馆看到这么多美妙的画作真是太有趣了。
考查名词的数及many和much的区别。many许多，修饰可数名词复数；much许多，修饰不可数名词。fun是不可数名词，前面不加冠词，故第一个空不填；paintings是可数名词复数，应用many修饰。故选B。
14．We should eat ________ vegetables because they are good for our health.
A．a little B．few C．many D．much
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们应该多吃蔬菜，因为它们对我们的健康有好处。
考查代词辨析。a little一点，后接不可数名词；few几乎没有，后接可数名词复数；many很多，后接可数名词复数；much很多，后接不可数名词。根据“because they are good for our health”可知，要多吃蔬菜，vegetables是可数名词复数，用many修饰。故选C。
15．—Why does Helen have _______ friends in the school
—Because she is new and many students don’t know her at all.
A．few B．many C．little D．a few
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——为什么海伦在学校里没有几个朋友？——因为她是新来的，很多同学根本不认识她。
考查代词辨析。few几乎没有，后跟可数名词复数，表否定；many许多，后跟可数名词复数；little一点，后跟不可数名词，表否定；a few一些，后跟可数名词，表肯定。根据后文“Because she is new and many students don’t know her at all.”可知，此处问句应该表达否定，排除B、D选项；又根据空格后“friends”是可数名词复数。故选A。
16．There is too ________ water in this lake, so fish in it all die (死).
A．much B．few C．little D．many
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个湖里水太少了，所以里面的鱼都死了。
考查不定代词。much许多，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词复数。根据“fish in it all die”可知，湖里水很少，又因为water是不可数名词，空处用little。故选C。
17．In the past, there were ________ low houses in the village. The villagers didn’t have ________ money.
A．many; many B．much; much C．many; much D．much; many
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在过去，村庄里有许多低矮的房子。村民们没有很多的钱。
考查many和much的区别。many许多的，后接可数名词复数；much许多的，后接不可数名词。根据第一空后的houses可知，是可数名词复数，所缺的词是many；根据第二空后的money可知，是不可数名词，所缺的词是much。故选C。
18．—Why do you buy so ________
—Because they’re cheap. You should get some too.
A．many tomatoes B．much bananas C．many bread D．much salt
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你为什么买这么多西红柿？——因为它们很便宜。你也应该买一些。
考查可数名词与不可数名词及修饰词的用法。many tomatoes很多西红柿；much bananas错误表达；many bread错误表达；much salt很多盐。many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词。Tomatoes和bananas是可数名词复数，用many修饰；bread和salt是不可数名词，用much修饰。根据“Because they’re cheap”可知，不可数名词不能用they指代，只能用it，所以此处指代的是可数名词tomatoes，故选A。
19．— Do you have any water
— Yes, I have ________ in my glass.
A．little B．few C．a few D．a little
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你有水吗？——是的，我杯子里有一点。
考查不定代词辨析。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；a little一些，修饰不可数名词。根据句意可知，a few和a little含肯定意味，few和little含否定意味，根据Yes, 可知是肯定的，water是不可数名词，用a little修饰。故选D。
20．Bobby bought ________ bags of rice and ________ meat from the shop.
A．a little; few B．a few; a little C．a little; a few D．a few; few
【答案】B
【详解】句意：鲍比从商店买了几袋大米和一点肉。
考查不定代词辨析。a few“一些，几个” ，修饰可数名词复数；few“很少，几乎没有”，修饰可数名词复数；a little“一点儿，少量”，修饰不可数名词 。“bags”是可数名词复数，用“a few”修饰；“meat”是不可数名词，用“a little”修饰。故选B。
21．There are ________ tomatoes, but there is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.
A．few; little B．a little; little C．a few; little D．a few; few
【答案】C
【详解】句意：有一些西红柿，但是冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。我们去买些吧。
考查代词辨析。few很少，修饰可数名词复数；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“There are…tomatoes, but there is…milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.”可知，第一个空后的tomatoes是可数名词复数，并且表达有一点西红柿；第二个空处的milk为不可数名词，表达几乎没有牛奶。故选C。
22．Paul has ________ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A．many B．some C．more D．few
【答案】D
【详解】句意：除了我，保罗没有什么朋友，有时他感到孤独。
考查不定代词。many很多；some一些；more更多；few很少。根据“and sometimes he feels lonely.”可知，他的朋友不多，所以需要选一个表示否定或者少的词，few符合语境。故选D。
23．Lucy, hurry up! We have ________ time left.
A．little B．a few C．a little D．much
【答案】A
【详解】句意：Lucy，快一点！我们没剩下多少时间了。
考查不定代词。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词，表否定；a few几个，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点点，修饰不可数名词；much大量的，修饰不可数名词。根据“Lucy, hurry up!”可知，所剩时间无几，此处表示否定含义，故选A。
24．—Shall we leave now
—Don’t hurry. We still have ________ time left.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们现在离开吗？——别着急，我们还有一点点时间。
考查不定代词。little几乎没有，表否定意义，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，表肯定意义，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，表否定意义，修饰可数名词复数；a few一点，表肯定意义，修饰可数名词复数。根据“Don’t hurry.”可知，此处表示还有一点时间，表示肯定意义，且修饰不可数名词time，用a little。故选B。
25．Students should spend as _________ time as possible on electronic devices in order to protect their eyes.
A．little B．few C．less D．fewer
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了保护眼睛，学生应该尽可能少花时间在电子设备上。
考查little和few的用法。little少的，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few少的，几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；less更少的，little的比较级，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少的，few的比较级，修饰可数名词复数。time为不可数名词，应用little修饰，“as+形容词/副词原级+as possible”表示“尽可能地”，所以应用little的原级。故选A。
26．Despite extensive promotional effort, ________ children in the remote mountain village participated in the annual charity concert, leaving the organizers deeply disappointed.
A．a few B．few C．little D．a little
【答案】B
【详解】句意：尽管做了大量的宣传工作，但偏远山村的孩子们几乎没有参加年度慈善音乐会，这让组织者深感失望。
考查few/a few/little/a little的辨析。a few一些（ 表示肯定意义，修饰可数名词复数）；few很少（表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数）；little很少（表示否定意义，修饰不可数名词）；a little一点儿（表示肯定意义，修饰不数名词）。根据“leaving the organizers deeply disappointed”可知，应是几乎没有孩子参加年度慈善音乐会，所以组织者才会深感失望，而children是名词复数，因此few符合语境。故选B。
27．I have ________ coffee here. Can you give me some
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我这儿几乎没有咖啡了。你能给我一些吗？
考查不定代词。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；a little一些，修饰不可数名词。“coffee”是不可数名词，因此需要用修饰不可数名词的词。排除A、C选项。根据“Can you give me some”可知，几乎没有咖啡了，带有否定意味。故选B。
28．Be careful. We should try to make ________ mistakes.
A．a few B．few C．a little D．little
【答案】B
【详解】句意：小心点。我们应该尽量少犯错误。
考查a few/few/a little/little的辨析。a few一些（后接名词复数，表肯定）；few很少（后接名词复数，表否定）； a little一点儿（后接不可数名词，表肯定）；little一点儿（后接不可数名词，表否定）。根据“We should try to make...mistakes.”可知，空后是名词复数mistakes，因此排除选项C和D；结合“Be careful.”可知，此处应是表示少犯错或尽量不犯错，few符合语境。故选B。
29．He’s bought ________ green peppers but only ________ cooking oil.
A．too much; a few B．too many; a little
C．a few; too little D．a little; too many
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他买了太多青椒，但只买了一点食用油。
考查形容词短语和不定代词。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；too little太少，修饰不可数名词。peppers为可数名词复数，所以第一空可用too many或a few修饰，排除选项A和D；oil为不可数名词，且only a little意为“只有一点”，所以第二空应用a little，故选B。
30．There aren’t too many new words in the letter, but only ________ students can understand it.
A．a few B．few C．a little D．little
【答案】A
【详解】句意：信中没有太多的新单词，但只有少数学生能理解它。
考查词汇辨析。a few和few修饰可数名词复数；a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few/little表示“一些，少量”；few/little表示“几乎没有”，表否定意义。句中students是可数名词，故排除C、D；根据“There aren’t too many new words in the letter, but only ... students can understand it.”可知，应是只有一些学生能理解，故选A。

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