资源简介

(共45张PPT)
Everyday economics
Unit 4
PART.01
Learning Objectives
Review and summarize the usage of attributive clauses. Correctly use it in the real context. Master and be able to correctly use vocabulary and expressions related to personal financial management.
01
Pay attention to the construction and operation of personal credit systems in social life, think about how to standardize their economic behaviors, establish good personal credit, and establish correct views on money and values.
03
Through listening training broaden your horizons in various aspects, and improve the comprehensive language use in real contexts.
02
Learning Objectives
Through reading and listening, students can improve the comprehensive language use in real contexts, and grasp the usage of attributive clauses.
Students can think about how to standardize their economic behaviors, establish good personal credit, and establish correct views on money and values.
01
02
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
PART.02
Grammar
This is a place where roses grow wild.
The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me, which was totally outside my experience.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What does “where” refer to in sentence (a)
“Where” in sentence (a) refers to “a place”.
What does “which” refer to in sentence (b)
“Which” in sentence (b) refers to “to persuade people to work for me”.
Which sentence contains a clause with essential information about the subject
Sentence (a).
Which sentence contains a clause with extra information about the subject
Sentence (b).
01
Now look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
She couldn’t, however, hide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
As someone who grow up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants.
However, like any entrepreneur who was just starting out, she still had a lot to learn.
Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence, Zhang has mixed feelings.
For young people who have little life experience, that can be a challenge.
Attributive clauses——定语从句
（在复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词或代词而起定语作用的从句）
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。先行词可以是人、物，也可以是整个句子或者句子的一部分，先行词一般位于定语从句之前。
He is an old man who sends gifts to children.
Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people.
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。按照关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
This is the reason why he left in a hurry.
关系词 关系词 先行词 充当的成分
关系代词 that 指人、物 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物、句子 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人、物 定语
as 指人、物或句子 主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词 原因状语
1. 限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制作用，是句中不可缺少的部分，主句和从句关系非常紧密，不能用逗号分开。
She wants to find the kid who she met yesterday.
2. 非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句进行附加说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，若将其去掉，主句的意义仍然完整清楚。从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。除了that以外，其他的关系代词及关系副词都和限制性定语从句用法相同，只是所有关系词都必须写上，不能省略。
Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father.
一、定语从句的分类
1. that
that只可用于限制性定语从句中，既可以指代人又可以指代物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略，但不能作介词宾语。指人时相当于who/whom，指物时相当于which。
The place which/that lies in a valley, is a world away from any television.
2. which
指代物或句子或句子的一部分，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。作介词的宾语且介词提前时which不可省略。
It was started during the Shang Dynasty, which lasted from 1,600 BC to about 1,050 BC.
The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
二、关系代词
3. who
who指代人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略，但介词提到关系代词前，不能用who。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替，作宾语时可与whom替换。
He is the man who always comes first.
Anyone who intends to get a driver’s license must get an eye test.
4. whom
whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替。介词提到关系代词前，从句只能用“介词+whom”引导。
The old man whom you helped last week is my neighbor.
二、关系代词
5. whose
whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。当从句中含有与先行词有所属关系的词的时候，我们就用whose引导定语从句，相当于of whom或of which。
The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.
6. as
①用于限制性定语从句。指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
例：Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
②用于非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如……，像……”。
As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
二、关系代词
三、关系副词
关系副词 先行词 句子成分
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
why reason 原因状语
We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.
Do you know the reason why she was absent from the meeting
The school shop, where customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，若先行词是人，则用“介词+whom”；若先行词是物，则用“介词+which”。
①当介词位于关系代词前面，关系代词which或whom不可以省略。
I bought a lot of books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
②“复合介词短语+which”引导的非限制性定语从句常用倒装语序。
They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.
③“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。
There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film.
四、介词+关系代词
关系代词that与which指物时常可互换，以下情况用that：
1. 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等不定代词；
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself
2. 先行词被the only, the very, any, every, no, all, few, little, much等修饰；
I have read all the books that you gave me last month.
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰；
David is one of the most creative boys that I have ever known.
4. 先行词既有人又有物。
The writer and his novel that the teacher has just talked about are unknown to most students.
Attention
1. 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等抽象地点名词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale.
2. 如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少宾语，则用that/which或省略关系词。
The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.
3. 先行词occasion作“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；作“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel our trips.
Please describe an occasion where somebody gave you positive suggestions.
4. 关系副词when, where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。
Attention
Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.
02
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries. It works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce. Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular products, but up to one-third of the sale price will be given back to the producers. This is more than they could get under the conventional trading system.
The movement has proven popular among young people, and they want to help producers get the payment they deserve. They have no problem spending a bit more on Good Deal products, believing that their purchasing of these products will help improve local people’s welfare.
However, some people are less optimistic, and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.
Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.
02
Good Deal is a local movement in some countries(,) which works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce.
The movement has proven popular among young people who want to help producers get the payment they deserve.
However, some people who are less optimistic argue that it discriminates against producers who are not part of the Good Deal movement.
Read the profile and write an introduction to a Good Deal product using attributive clauses where appropriate.
03
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at ...
Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product, which sells at the price of $25 per kg. It is grown on the Green Equator Estate, whose coffee is 100% organic. It is a superior, smooth blend with a mild flavour, which has less than one calorie per cup. The product is sold under the Good Deal guarantee, which promises that one-third of the sale price will be returned to local producers.
Sample
Work in pairs. Write an introduction to something you have bought recently using attributive clauses where appropriate.
04
1. discriminate
discrimination n. 歧视；偏袒；区别；识别
discriminate against 歧视；排斥
discriminate between A and B=discriminate A from B 区分A和B
discriminate in favour of sb 特别优待某人
练习：
Female workers complain that their employers discriminate _______ them when
calculating their rank and pay.
The men said the right to food was a right for all human beings without ____________
(discriminate).
against
discrimination
2. superior
superiority n. 优越（性）；优势
be superior to 胜过；比……好；不屈服于
be superior in sth 在某方面占优势
a sense of superiority 优越感
练习：
The technical __________(superior) of laser discs over tape is well established.
superiority
3. interfere
interfere in 干预;介入
interfere with 妨碍;阻止
interference n. 干预;干涉
练习：
She seems to regard any advice or help from me as _____________(interfere).
He does not want to interfere ________ the internal affairs of another country.
interference
in
4. financial
finance n.资金；财政；金融 v. 提供资金
financially adv. 财政上；金融上
be in financial difficulties 处于财务困难之中
financial crisis 金融危机
练习：
During the 1980s the world’s _________(finance) systems became more open.
Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and __________(finance) rewarding.
financial
financially
5. accumulate
accumulation n. 积累；积攒
accumulate experience 积累经验
accumulate knowledge 积累知识
练习：
By investing wisely, she ____________(accumulate) a fortune, most of which was donated to charity.
The funds needed will mainly be drawn from ____________(accumulate) within the enterprise.
accumulated
accumulation
PART.03
Listening
In 2014, the Chinese government officially announced a plan to build a nationally coordinated social credit system. What is the truth about this system Let’s view a short video from CGTN to find out if this system is trustworthy - or not.
Credit, or the offering of money loans for repayment has existed since the Bronze Age. For most of this history, lenders relied mainly on their judgement when deciding whether or not a borrower was creditworthy. With the development of information technology and data analysis, more and more countries are building their own credit systems with objective credit rating methods. People’s activities such as credit card payments, loan payments, etc, are recorded and scored, and will affect their future creditworthiness.
Did You Know
Listen to the conversation and choose the topics discussed.
05
The tips to book a good hotel.
The importance of being creditworthy.
The origin of the credit system.
The benefits of a social credit system.
The cost of having a bad social credit record.
Listen again and complete the paragraph.
06
I have been 1 ___________________ on time, returning books to the library 2 ___________________________, and using 3 _________________ properly. As a reward, we didn’t have to pay a deposit when 4 _____________________ during our trip to Hangzhou. The hotel is very nice, and it’s quite near the West Lake. This is just one of the many benefits of the social credit system which enables 5 _________________________ to enjoy a more convenient life 6 _____________.
paying credit card bills
in good condition without delay
the shared bicycles
we checked in at a hotel
people with good social credit
at a lower cost
Now answer the questions.
1. What was the man prohibited from doing and why
He was prohibited from renting an expensive car because the credit system showed that he was a laolai.
2. What restrictions are mentioned that are caused by a bad social credit record
Apart from renting expensive cars, they may also find it hard to buy flight tickets or tickets for high-speed rail services, among other things.
3. What could the social credit system contribute to
The social credit system is an encouragement to those who can be relied upon to do the right thing, and the system is an effective way to build a friendly, honest and safe society.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.
07
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
Let me explain.
It enables ...
How is that so
What does that mean
It means ...
It’s definitely an encouragement to ...
... an effective way to ...
How did that happen
What’s that
Could you tell me more about it
How is that so
What does that mean
Let me explain.
It means ...
Asking for clarification
Clarifying
Stating advantages
It enables ...
It’s definitely an encouragement to ...
... an effective way to ...
Read the leaflet and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
08
1.What suggestions are given to help students save money
Find the banking services that meet your needs and will help you save money. Save a small amount each week from now on, and increase it each month.
2.What do you need to pay attention to when spending money
Be careful when opening your first credit card account. Look for a card with good benefits and no annual fees. Always make payments on time. Make rational spending choices and never exceed your agreed credit limit. Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt.
3.What do you need to bear in mind when making extra money
Make sure it doesn’t interfere with your studies, and pay any tax as required by law.
Match the words and expressions in Activity 8 to their meanings.
09
1 _______________: the amount of money needed or available for certain purposes
2 _______________: to have just enough money to buy what you need to live
3 _______________: to be out of debt or financial difficulty
4 _______________: money paid to the government, usually a percentage of personal income or of the cost of goods
5 _______________: to accumulate the quality of being creditworthy
6 _______________: the maximum amount of money that may be borrowed under a credit arrangement
7 _______________: to get into the state of owing money
8 _______________: costs automatically charged once a year to your credit card account
9 _______________: the amount of money charged by a bank when you borrow money, or paid to you when you keep money in an account
budget
make ends meet
stay afloat
tax
building credit
agreed credit limit
go into debt
annual fee
interest
Now think about other words and expressions associated with managing personal finances.
open/close a bank account 开/关一个银行账户
credit crisis 信用危机
pay off debts 付清欠债
insurance products 保险产品
monthly statement 月结单/账单
available credit 可用信用额度
…
Work in pairs. Give suggestions on how to manage your finances and maintain a good social credit record using the words and expressions in this section.
10
Available expressions:
buy the things you need not you want
always take notes about money-spending
always keep some savings
……
Now talk about how effectively you and your partner have used the words and expressions in this section and suggest ways to improve.
PART.04
Exercise
1. I decided that if I learned of a company ____________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
2. In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
3. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
4. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.
5. He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, _________ pleased her a lot.
6. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _______ Rachel Carson says it in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
whose
that/which
where
that
as
Exercise 填写合适的引导词
which
Exercise 用所给短语的适当形式填空
1. If you keep borrowing money to cover your living expenses, you’ll surely _____________.
2. This new model of smartphone ___________ the previous one in terms of battery life and processing speed.
3. The small business owner cut down on unnecessary expenses to _________________ during the economic downturn.
4. We must not __________________ those with disabilities; instead, we should offer them more support and help.
5. The loud music from the party next door _______________ my ability to concentrate on my studies.
make ends meet, interfere with, go into debt, be superior to, discriminate against
make ends meet
discriminate against
interfered with
go into debt
is superior to
PART.05
Summary
Using language
Listening
Grammar
Vocabulary
定语从句的分类
关系代词
关系副词
介词+关系代词
PART.06
Homework
Homework
1. Review the usage of attributive clauses and do the relevant exercises;
2. Write 5 sentences about how you use your money in daily life.
See you next class!

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