资源简介

词汇辨析
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 学生能够独立进行近义词辨析
问题层级图
目标层级图
词汇辨析
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 学生能够独立进行近义词辨析
一、常见词汇的本义，引申义： ★☆☆☆☆☆
about
(prep) 关于Why not talk about the Chinese culture for tomorrow’s lecture
(ad) 到处，四处 Watch out! Bears about!
(prep) 大约 Let’s meet at about 4 o’clock at the school gate.
Absent
(a)缺席的 --Who is absent today？--Daming. He had an accident on the school trip.
(a)的He was so absent-minded in class that the teacher became angry with him.
after
(prep)在…后面 My best friend Peter sits after me .
(conj)在…以后 I will tell her the news after she comes back.
against
(prep)倚在……上 The piano is against the wall.
(v.) 同意We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game.
(v.) 反对 Don’t do anything against the law.
around
大约 See you around 7:30.
向各处I like to travel around the world someday.
环绕The earth moves around the sun.
As
（ad）像…一样,如同 He is as tall as his father.
(conj)由于，因为 As you weren’t there, I left a message.
在……期间,当……的时候 Then she drove me over to Bobbie Decker’s house, explaining as we went that I was now one of Santa’s helpers.(朝阳期末完形)
(prep)作为，当作He had a job as a teacher three years ago, but now he worked in a company.
Bear
(n)熊 He ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the bear in the forest.
(v)忍受He can’t bear to be laughed at.
Bill
(n)账单；--Have you paid the bill
钞票，纸币 --Yes, I paid the bill with a ten-dollar bill.
book
(n) 书，本子There are a lot of books in the library.
(v) 预订You’d better book tickets if you want to watch the movie.
Break
(n) 休息It’s time to take a break.
(v) 打破 It’s really bad to break the valuable china vase.
Bring
(v)带来，拿来
①Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow.
②His energetic interest and ability brought an offer to become a line boss.
brush
(n)刷子, 画笔，毛笔It’s good for us to change our tooth-brush regularly.
(v)刷You’d better brush your teeth after meals.
burn
(v) 着火The house was burned to the ground.(ie completely destroyed by fire)
使晒黑His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. (他的脸被烈日晒伤了)
Her skin burns easily. （她的皮肤不禁晒）
(n) 烧伤，晒伤
But
(conj)但是 It’s not cheap, but it’s good.
(prep)除了 I want nobody but you to finish the work.
by
（prep）靠近，在……旁We had a picnic by the lake.
通过He entered the room by the back door.
经过（某人、某物）He walked by me without speaking.
不迟于Can you finish the work by five o’clock
由 The play is written by Shakespeare.
乘（车）Let’s travel to Shanghai by car.
通过…..的方式He earns his living by writing.
can
能够，可以He can speak English very well.
(n) 金属或塑料的容器；罐头 a Coke can
cap
(n) 帽子British schoolboys sometimes wear caps.
（钢笔、瓶子等的）帽、盖When I saw the bottle, the scene of Dad trying to remove the cap and in desperation(绝望) breaking it with the stone flashed before my eyes. (西城期末完形)
care
(n) 照料She watered the flower with great care.
小心Care is needed when crossing the road.
(v) 介意，在乎He failed the exam but he didn’t seem to care at all.
关心His parents really cares about him.
carry
(v) 携带，搬运；She carried her baby in her arms.
持有，带有；I never carry much money with me.
change
(n) 零钱，找头I have no small change.
改变Are you for or against change (你是赞同还是反对改动？)
(v) 改变 It is not easy to make him change his mind.
close
(v) 关闭Don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room.
(a) 亲密的 I have a close friend called Joy.
接近 The church is close to the school.
(ad) 接近，靠近They quite close.
close by离（某人或某事物）不远
After Mother died years later, he insisted on staying in the small house with the garden and a few farm animals close by . (西城期末完形)
Cold
(a)寒冷的It’s so cold in winter in Beijing.
冷却的I’d like a cold drink.
不友好的The cold look on her face made me sad.
(n) 寒冷Don’t stand outside in the cold.
伤风，感冒He didn’t come to school because he had a bad cold.
cover
(v) 覆盖The ground is covered with snow.
(n) 盖子； 罩； 封面
Date
(n) 日期 What’s the date today
约会Tonight I have a date with Mike.
up to date 时新的，现代的 out of date 过时的
drop
(v)使（某物）意外地落下The bottle dropped and broke.
放弃I found it difficult to learn physics so I decided to drop it.
(n)(液体的)珠，滴 ；rain-drops
Easy
(a) 容易的The exam yesterday was really easy.
舒适的，安心的Now I am leading an easy life.
Take it easy 别着急
Excuse
(v) 原谅Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the airport
(n)借口，辩解There is no excuse for his mistake.
express
(v)表达； It is hard for him to express himself in English.
用快邮寄出（信、邮包等）
(n)快车The 8:00 am express to Beijing is always crowed.
快邮，速递He sent the book to me by express.
Face
(n) 脸 face to face
(v) 面对 He faced the difficulties bravely.
fat
(a) 肥胖的If you eat too much chocolate, you will get fat.
(n) 脂肪This ham has too much fat on it.
Fit
(a) 健康的 He always do exercise to keep fit.
(v) 适合 The jacket fits him well.
free
(a) 免费的The coffee is free here.
自由的，空闲的I am free this afternoon. What about going shopping with me
Full
(a) 满的The room is full of people.
饱的I’m full and I can’t eat anything .
Gift
(n) 礼物；a birthday gift
天赋 I have a gift for music.
Green
(a) 绿色的；a green dress
（指水果）未成熟的，生的green bananas
新来的,无经验的You must be green to believe that.
Grow
(v)生长I want to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei when I grow up.
种植My grandparents grew a lot of flowers behind their house last year.
变成It began to grow dark.
Hard
(a) 困难的It is hard to know whether it will be clear soon.
硬的The ground is as hard as stone.
(ad) 努力地Work hard, or you will fall behind.
猛烈地It is raining hard. Don’t go out until it stops.
Have
(v) 有I have a lot of hobbies.
从事，进行Let’s have a talk.
吃He usually has a sandwich for lunch.
kind
(n)种类 There are all kinds of books in the library.
(a)和蔼的 Would you be kind enough to help me
last
(v) 持续 How long do you think this fine weather will last
(a)最后的December is the last month of the year.
最近的，上一个的 I thought her last book was one of the best.
Lay
(v)将某物或某人置于某位置 Please lay the book on the table.
（指鸟、虫等）产（卵）The hens are not laying well at the moment.
Lesson
(n)功课The first lesson in driving is how to start the car.
一节课My yoga lesson begins at 8pm.
教训 ，经验，榜样Let this be a lesson to you never to play with matches!
Lie
(v) 平躺Don’t lie in bed all morning.
位于The city lies in the east of China.
撒谎He is lying! Don’t believe him.
Lift
(v) 举起He can easily lift the heavy boy.
（云或烟等）消散；The cloud will lift soon according to the weather report.
(n) 电梯The office is on the sixth floor. Let’s take a lift.
免费搭私人车I’ll give you a lift to the station.
light
(v)点燃He lit the candle.
(n) 电灯Turn on the lights, please.
灯光The light is too poor to read by.
(a) 明亮的We like to study in a light room.
浅色的I prefer light colors.
轻的The coat is light and warm.
易懂的I took some light reading for the train journey.
light music 轻音乐
（指睡眠）不沉的，不熟的Don’t make any noise—my mother is a very light sleeper.
Like
(prep)像 He looks like his father.
(v)喜欢 I like to chat with others.
live
(v)居住； Where do you live
过…样的生活He wants to live a peaceful life.
(a) 活的There are lots of live fish in the small river.
(ad) 现场直播地The match will be shown live by BBC.
Long
(a) 长的 This is a long story.
(v) long for 渴望 The children are longing for holidays.
make
(v)制造Can you make a model car
做 He is good at making cake.
强迫They made me repeat the story.
⑵make (n)牌子Cars of all makes can be seen in the street.
制造This is a coat of excellent make.(做工精致的)
match
(v) 与…相配The furniture and the room match perfectly.
(n)比赛There will be a basketball match on TV tonight.
火柴People don’t use matches quite often now.
Mind
(v)介意Would you mind taking care of my dog
照看Mind my bike while I go into the shop.
留神Mind the step!
(n)思想，想法 change one’s mind come to mind make up one’s mind
Miss
(v) 想念I miss my childhood a lot.
错过，未赶上He missed the meeting because of the bad weather.
未击中He shot the basket but he missed.
Nobody
(pron) 没有人，谁也不Nobody is in the room. It is empty.
(n)渺小人物He was just a nobody before he became a manager.
Notice
(v) 注意到 I noticed he left early.
(n) 通知 Put up the notice and let everyone know it.
Order
(n) 顺序Put everything in order.
定单,定货He gave his order to the waiter.
(v) 命令We ordered him to leave.
定购,定做，预定I have ordered a new table from the shop.
pass
(v) 传递 Will you please pass me the book on the desk
通过 He passed me but said nothing.
打发时间 pass the time
past
(a) 结束的 Winter is past and spring has come.
(prep) 过… What time is it It a quarter past twelve.
走过某处 He walked past me and say nothing.
patient
(n) 病人 The doctor is looking after the patient.
patient (a) 耐心的 Be patient! He is only a child.
pick
(v) 拾起 He picked the pen up and gave it to the teacher.
挑选 He picked the biggest apple and passed it to his mother.
采，摘 You’d better not pick the flowers in the garden.
place
(n) 地点 This is a famous place.
(v)放置 Place the book on the table.
Poor
(a)穷的 He is very poor but he is very happy.
(a) 差的 I am poor in English.
Present
(n)礼物 I always receive many presents on my birthday.
现在，目前At present we are having a break.
(a)出席的； How many people were present at the meeting
(v)将某物赠与某人 He presented a gold medal to the winner.
Pretty
(a)漂亮的 She is very pretty.
(ad) 相当地 He draws pretty well.
raise
(v) 举起，提起 Please raise your hand if you want to say something.
(v) 召集或集结(某事物)The volunteers hold a party to raise money for the poor children.
record
(n) 唱片 I am looking forward to getting a latest record of Taylor Swift.
记录 He hopes to break a record in London in 2012.
Rest
(v) 休息 It’s time to rest for a while.
(n) 休息 It’s time to have a rest.
剩余部分 Tonight I’ll have enough time to watch the rest of the film.
return
(v) 返回 He returned to his hometown in 1999.
归还 Please return the book to me as soon as possible.
Ride
(v) 骑 Can you ride a horse
(n) 乘骑，乘坐，搭乘 We went for a ride in her new car.
room
(n) 房间 --Which room do you like – The one on the left.
空间 Who can make room for this old man
Rule
(n) 规则 You must obey the rules.
(v) 统治 He ruled the country and people all loved him.
Run
(v) 跑步 Every day we practice running on the playground.
经营 He ran the company successfully.
Sort
(v) 挑选 Can you sort these apples into two parts
种类 What sort of food do you like best
Sound
(n) 声音 Listen! Can you hear a strange sound
(v) 听起来 The music sounds beautiful.
spare
(v)留出 Can you spare me five minutes
(a)备用的 There is a spare bedroom on the second floor.
多余的，空闲的 I often read books in my spare time.
stick
(v)粘住 Stick a stamp on the letter.
(n) 枝条；棍 The old man needed a walking stick.
still
(ad) 还 He still kept the photo which was taken ten years ago.
(a) 静止不动 Stand still! Don’t move!
Store
(n) 商店 I went to the bookstore and bought the book I wanted.
(v) 贮藏 Many animals like to store food for winter.
strange
(a) 奇怪的 It’s strange you’ve never met him.
陌生的 He stood in a strange street.
strong
(a) 强壮的 She is not very strong after her illness.
坚固的 He had strong beliefs so he succeeded in the end.
（尤指饮料）烈性的，浓的 The tea is too strong.
study
(v) 学习，研究 She studies French.
书房 She is studying French in her study.
take
(v) 获得，享有，使用 take the bus take a walk
拿走 Who has taken my pen
携带，带领 We usually take the children to school in the car.
Tell
(v) 告诉 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.
分辨 --Which team will win --Who can tell
Terrible
(a) 可怕的 This was a terrible war.
糟糕的 To tell you the truth, it’s really a terrible play.
Thin
(a) 瘦的 She is very thin.
薄的，细的 Don’t skate on the thin ice.
Time
(n) 一段时间 Learning English takes quite a long time.
钟点 The clock keeps good time. (这个钟时间很准)
时刻 It’s time to go to bed.
次数 I have been there many times.
Treat
(v) 对待，看待 She treated us as children.
款待 He treated himself to a holiday in Spain.
医治，治疗 He tried his best to treat the disease.
Watch
(n) 手表
(v)观察The students watched as the teacher did the experiment.
观看Will you watch the match on TV
守卫或保护某人或某物Could you watch my clothes while I have a swim
way
(n)路 Can you show me the way to the hospital
（沿某）方向 He went this way.
（做某事的）方法What is the best way to clean it
wear
(v)穿着Look at the man who is wearing an overcoat! He is Jackie Chen!
戴着I don’t like wearing glasses.
wonder
(v) 想知道 I wonder why he is late.
(n) 奇迹 These are books of wonders.
Wrong
(a)错误的I am sorry to say that your answer is wrong.
不正常的，有毛病的There is something wrong with my computer.
练习
一、考查固定句式
1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。
_______________ Li Ping ___________________ his homework last night.
2. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。
That new school is ______________ that it _______________.
3. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。
When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _______ excited _______ they cried out.
4. 秋天的天气不冷也不热。
It is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______in autumn.
5. 你最好脱掉你的外套。
You‘d better ________ ________ your overcoat.
6. 她不仅会说英语，还会说汉语。
She can speak _________English _________ Chinese.
7. 我认为这所房子不够大。
I _____ _______ the house is big enough.
8. 他跑得如此之快，以至于我都赶不上他。
He ran_____ fast_______ I couldn‘t catch up with him.
9. 昨晚玛丽11点才睡觉。
Mary did _______ go to bed _______ eleven o‘ clock last night.
10. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。
It will________ the workers over a year________ ________ the fly-over.
11. 外面正在下大雨，你最好呆在家里。
It‘s raining heavily outside. You’d________ at home.
12. 我想能尽快看到他。
I would like to see him ____ _____ as possible， please.
13. 如果今晚他们外出散步，我也去。
If they go out for a walk this evening， _____________.
14. 孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。
Children are becoming _____________ in science.
15. 他是一个好人，与每个人都相处得很好。
He is such a kind man _____________.
16. 她和我都不正确。
_____ she nor I _____ right.
17 . 我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。
We find_____ _______to go out at night.
18. 我认为在短时间内学好一门外语很难。
I _________it ________ to learn a foreign language well in a short time.
19. 乘公共汽车去那里需要我们20分钟。
I takes _____twenty _____to go there by bus.
20. 在强烈的光线下看书不好。
_______________ us to read in strong light.
KEYS:
It took； half an hour / thirty minutes to do / finish
so beautiful； is / looks like a big garden
so； that
neither too hot nor too cold
take off
not only； but also
don‘t think
so； that
not； until
take； to build
take， to build； better stay
as soon
so will（shall） I
more and more interested
that he gets on well with everyone
Neither； am
it dangerous
think； hard /difficult
us； minutes
It‘s bad / not good for
二、考查词形变换：
（以下习题选自近年来的中考真题）
1. 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？
_______ _______ _______ important in _______ newspaper？
2. 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。
The mountain is ______ _______ than you think.
3. 第九课在第九十页。
The ________ Lesson is on the________ page.
4. 街道的两边有好几家儿童鞋店。
There are quite a few children‘s _____shops on ______ side of the street.
5. 最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。
The _______hospital is about ten kilometers_________.
6. 你的书和我的不一样。
Your book is ________ _________ mine.
7. 随着科学的发展，计算机将得到更广泛的应用。
______the development of science， computers will be used more _______.
8. 这是一场如此重要的球赛，我们不能不观看。
It‘s such an _____ match that we can’t ______it.
KEYS:
Is there anything； today‘s
less dangerous
ninth； ninetieth
shoe；either
nearest， away
different from
With， widely
important，miss
二、高频近义词辨析： ★★★☆☆☆
happen和occur
1）含义：发生
2）区别：
happen指一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。
occur较正式，指按计划使某事或效果发生，通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定。
例
The accident happened yesterday.
These events occurred in 1909.
常考搭配：What happened 发生了什么？
happen to be ... 碰巧...
It occurs to sb that ... 某人想起了...
练习
The traffic accident in the morning.
It to me that I forgot to turn off the light when I left home.
KEYS: happened; occurs
find和discover
含义：发现，寻找
区别：
find通常表示“发现或找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人”。
discover但是若表示“发现客观业已存在而尚未发现的事物”时，要用。
例
The police have found the missing child．
We are not only good at discovering problems, we are also good at solving them.
练习
I a watch on the road.
Columbus America in1492
KEYS：found; discovered
seem和like
含义：像
区别：
seem可以为连系动词,像seem+adj
也可以为动词,像seem+to be+adj
like是介词,所以后面跟名词或是动词的ing形式
例
He seems to be happy today.
It seems that he is very happy today.
He looks like his father.
常考搭配：=It seems that+（从句）
look like 看起来像
练习
1.she is a fine girl, ____ her mother used to be.
2.It that he passed the exam.
KEYS：like; seems
4. news/message/information
含义：新闻，消息
区别：
information比较正式 书面，指资料，情报，信息等意思不过它一般指的是电视、电脑或者是其它杂志等途径获得的信息，为可数名词
Message含义较广，可指书面、口头、无线电等多种渠道传来的信息，因而有“消息、口信、电报”等意思，为可数名词
news含义较窄，一般指“新闻，消息”，主要是通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介向公众报道的最新消息，为不可数名词
例
You can get much information on the Internet.
I haven t had a message from him for a month.
Is there any good news today
常考搭配：latest news 最新消息 current news 时事
练习
1. I have a ____ for you from my teacher.
2. There is much new ____ in this book.
3. They were listening to the ____ over the radio .
4. Will you take this ____ to your brother
5. They have no _____ about where she has gone.
KEYS: message; information; news; message; information
5. but/however
含义：但是
区别：
but着重强调前后意思转折，并且转折的语气最为强烈，用的最多
"however"的用法很简单，一般放在两句之间，前后用逗号隔开独立成句，表示意思的转折，译为"然而、不过"
例
I really want to go shopping with you, but I do have no money.
You should finish your work before nine o'clock. However, you can have a break before it.
[注]：两者语气有强到弱: but, however
练习
1.I like the film, _____ I have no time to see it.
2. It's raining hard. ____ , I think we should go out.
KEYS: but; However
5. rise/ arise
含义：上升
区别：
rise “升起、起来”它表“起床”的意义时比get up 正式 ，但不如get up 常用。
arise “出现、发生”。它虽然可表“升起、起来、起床等意思，但现在一般不用于此义，特别是在口语中。
例
The sun rises in the east.
A new problem has arisen.
练习
A heavy mist from the lake.
2. When I started off, the sun was _____
KEYS: rises; arising
around/ round
含义：在周围
区别：
around 与 round 都可以用着前置词和副词。
around “在 周围”“在周围”“循环地”。表静止的位置。
round “环绕 周围、循环地”表一种活动的状况。
例
Hey sat around the table.
The earth moves round the sun.
[注]：这两个词现在可以通用，只是around 多用于美国，round多用于英国。
练习
1. Students are standing ________
2. The river ________ the stones.
KEYS: around; rounded
as/ because/ for/ since
含义：原因、理由
区别：
as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显的，或者被认为是已知的时，则以用as 为好。
because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中，它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because . 注意：because 不可以与so 连用。
since“既然”比as 较为正式，说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。
for “因为”表原因或理由时，用以说明理由，只是解释性的。在这几个词中，它的语意最弱。它少用于口语中，也不用于句首。
例
As he was not well, I decided to go without him.
He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.
---Ｗhy can t you do it now
--- Because I m too busy.
Since light travels faster than sound,we see lightening before we hear the thunder.
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
［注］：这几个词按语意的强弱来排，其顺序为：
because—→since—→(as)—→for
练习
I like apple it is healthy.
they were not there, I left a message.
you are wrong, you should apologize.
Thank you teaching us so well.
KEYS: because; As; since; for
beat/ hit/ strike/ knock
含义：敲；打
区别：
beat 着重“连续地击打”如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。
hit 往往与strike通用，但严格地说，hit指“打中”或“对准 来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。
strike 是很普通的用词，通常表示“打一下、打若干下”等意思，不一定都是有意的。Strike还可以表示“擦着（火柴）”的意思。
knock “敲；撞击；打”常与at/on, down连用。
例
Don’t beat the child .
In the end their enemies were beaten.
The stone hit him on the head.
I hit the target.
He struck the man on the head.
Immediately Holmes jumped up from the bed and struck a match.
You should knock on/ at the door before coming in the teacher s office.
练习
Don’t the child.
The stone him on the head.
He the man on the head.
You should at the door before coming in the teacher’s office.
KEYS: beat; hit; stroke; knock
beat/ win/ defeat
含义：赢，战胜
区别：
beat “打赢”“战胜”。用于比赛时，后接宾语是战胜对手，表示“赢了某人”。
win “赢得；获胜”， 用作及物动词，后接宾语是表示某种比赛的名词或战争，而不是参加比赛的对手。
defeat “战胜；赢得”与win 一样，较正式，后接宾语时与beat一样，是表示人或代表群体的名词或代词，间或接表事物的名词或代词。
例
Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
We are sure to beat them.
We won the basketball game.
Who won the race
Our class defeated / beat theirs in the basket-ball match yesterday.
练习
1. Our team has ___ the football match, we are all happy.
2. The Brazilian football team ___ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad.
KEYS: won; defeat
12. become/ get/ go/ grow/ turn
含义：都可作连系动词表“变化的”
区别：
become 比较正式，常用于书面语中，表示由一个状态向另一个状态的变化。通常用于过去完成的事，不表未来的事。
get 多用于口语中，后常接形容词，表“变化”的过程，特别常接比较级形容词。
go 表示因某种原因而进入某种状态，说明“变”的结果。
turn 含有“变得和以前完全不同”之意，说明变的结果。
例
I became a teacher three years ago.
He has become a famous person.
The days are getting longer and longer.
Things are getting worse.
After he heard the news, his face went white.
The sky went cloudy.
The smoke grew bigger and thicker.
My younger brother is growing tall.
The trees turn green.
His love turned into hate.
练习
These eggs have bad.
It began to dark.
He a writer after graduating from college.
KEYS: gone; get; became
borrow/lend
含义：借
区别：
borrow 指“借入”
lend 则指“借出”,两者其实是一对反义词,而不是同义词.
例
Can I borrow your bike 我可以借用你的自行车吗
He lent his dictionary to me.他把字典借给我.
常考搭配：borrow sth from sb
lend sb sth lend sth to sb
练习
--My bike is broken, can I ___ yours ,Lily
--Oh, sorry, I’ve ____ it to Sandy.
KEYS: borrow; lend
check/examine
含义：检查
区别：
examine：侧重看人或事物存在的问题（毛病）。故障或违禁等，另有一“考试”之意。
check:检查、核对、核实，侧重看前后数量等是否一致，也用于判断事物的正误，有无等。
例
1. All the students will be ________ at the end of the semester.
2. ______the oil and water before setting off.
KEYS: examined; Check
look/watch/see
含义：看
区别：
look是有意的,强调“看”的动作.单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语,要和at连用。
watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。
see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”
例
Look! Tom is over there.
Look at the blackboard, please.
How many birds can you see in the tree
Do you watch TV at night
练习
1. , what is that
2. I signed to my teacher, but he didn't even ___ me.
3. I like ___ TV at home on Sundays..
KEYS: Look; see; watching
三、词汇的感彩辨析 ★★★☆☆☆
1. 表示观点态度常见的词语：
表示积极意义：
赞成： approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable
赞赏：admire, think much/highly of, be proud of
喜欢：love, enjoy, favorite, favor, wonderful, funny, be fond of, be keen on
关心：concerned, care about, regard, attention
其他积极意义的词：active, positive, enthusiastic, confident, proud, optimistic
表示消极意义：
反对：disapprove, disagree,
厌烦：dislike, bored/boring, be tired of
怨恨或生气：hate, hatred, angry, anger, irritated
害怕或担心：fearful, frightened, worried, nervous
批评或讽刺：critical, criticize, find fault with, ironic
失望或灰心：disappointed, discouraged
后悔或遗憾：regret, regretful, pity, shame
漠然或热情：indifferent, detached, careless
其他表示消极意义的词： unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish, negative, pessimistic, arrogant
注意：现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情的色彩，通常与 always, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用。
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)
The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。(表示厌恶)
2. 常见的否定词语与表达
1) 含有否定标志：
no, not, none, nobody, nothing, never, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, little, few, without, not…at all, not…until, no sooner…than/hardly…when, nothing but, no more/no longer
2) 不含有否定标志
deny, fail, refuse, ignore, dislike, overlook, miss, doubt, lack, against, beyond, unless, instead of, far from, short of, other than, rather than, too…to, anything but, the last thing+定语从句
3) 否定转移
在含有表示“相信”或“臆测”等含义的动词的主从复合句中，虽然否定词在形式上否定的是主句的谓语，但在实际意义上否定的却是从句的谓语。
常见的这类词有：believe, think, imagine, feel, expect, suppose等。
I don’t think your choice is right.
4)双重否定表示肯定：
Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably never heard of Kudzu.
Without them the animals will not remain healthy and productive.
3. 反问句的其它含义
1） 表示异议
Do you think it is necessary
Does it matter
2）表示责怪或批评。
Shouldn’t you be studying in the room now
How could you keep going on line so long
3） 表示委婉拒绝
Don’t you think it is a little far
Do you think I will go to his home again
4） 表示惊讶
Wouldn’t you get bored with the same routine year after year
Is that all you want to say
5）表示肯定
Isn’t it nice just to get away from all the noise
Isn’t it right for her to accept that job
练习
1. 选择与划线部分意思相近的词语：
1. It’s nice of you to help me with my English.
A. lucky B. happy C. kind D. well
2. Which would you prefer, beef or pork
A. like B. have C. hate D. dislike
3. This dress is nice and cheap. I’ll take it.
A. bring B. have C. look D. sell
4. Please return the book to me as soon as you can.
A. give back B. come back C. get back D. lend
KEYS: CABA
2. 选择与划线部分意思相反的词语：
1. This colour TV is too expensive. I can’t buy it.
A. cheap B. much C. dear D. nice
2. We should be careful when we cross the street.
A. boring B. careless C. carelessness D. exciting
3. When we are making banana milk shake, we need firstly buy some bananas.
A. secondly B. final C. least D. last
KEYS: ABD
3. 近义词连线：
Complex right
Correct blank
Empty suitable
Fast complicated
fit rapid
4. 反义词连线：
Thin messy
strong narrow
tidy thick
pass fail
wide weak
KEYS:
Complex right
Correct blank
Empty suitable
Fast complicated
fit rapid
Thin messy
strong narrow
tidy thick
pass fail
wide weak 词汇辨析
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 学生能够独立进行近义词辨析
问题层级图
目标层级图
词汇辨析
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 学生能够独立进行近义词辨析
一、常见词汇的本义，引申义： ★☆☆☆☆☆
about
(prep) 关于Why not talk about the Chinese culture for tomorrow’s lecture
(ad) 到处，四处 Watch out! Bears about!
(prep) 大约 Let’s meet at about 4 o’clock at the school gate.
Absent
(a)缺席的 --Who is absent today？--Daming. He had an accident on the school trip.
(a)的He was so absent-minded in class that the teacher became angry with him.
after
(prep)在…后面 My best friend Peter sits after me .
(conj)在…以后 I will tell her the news after she comes back.
against
(prep)倚在……上 The piano is against the wall.
(v.) 同意We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game.
(v.) 反对 Don’t do anything against the law.
around
大约 See you around 7:30.
向各处I like to travel around the world someday.
环绕The earth moves around the sun.
As
（ad）像…一样,如同 He is as tall as his father.
(conj)由于，因为 As you weren’t there, I left a message.
在……期间,当……的时候 Then she drove me over to Bobbie Decker’s house, explaining as we went that I was now one of Santa’s helpers.(朝阳期末完形)
(prep)作为，当作He had a job as a teacher three years ago, but now he worked in a company.
Bear
(n)熊 He ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the bear in the forest.
(v)忍受He can’t bear to be laughed at.
Bill
(n)账单；--Have you paid the bill
钞票，纸币 --Yes, I paid the bill with a ten-dollar bill.
book
(n) 书，本子There are a lot of books in the library.
(v) 预订You’d better book tickets if you want to watch the movie.
Break
(n) 休息It’s time to take a break.
(v) 打破 It’s really bad to break the valuable china vase.
Bring
(v)带来，拿来
①Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow.
②His energetic interest and ability brought an offer to become a line boss.
brush
(n)刷子, 画笔，毛笔It’s good for us to change our tooth-brush regularly.
(v)刷You’d better brush your teeth after meals.
burn
(v) 着火The house was burned to the ground.(ie completely destroyed by fire)
使晒黑His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. (他的脸被烈日晒伤了)
Her skin burns easily. （她的皮肤不禁晒）
(n) 烧伤，晒伤
But
(conj)但是 It’s not cheap, but it’s good.
(prep)除了 I want nobody but you to finish the work.
by
（prep）靠近，在……旁We had a picnic by the lake.
通过He entered the room by the back door.
经过（某人、某物）He walked by me without speaking.
不迟于Can you finish the work by five o’clock
由 The play is written by Shakespeare.
乘（车）Let’s travel to Shanghai by car.
通过…..的方式He earns his living by writing.
can
能够，可以He can speak English very well.
(n) 金属或塑料的容器；罐头 a Coke can
cap
(n) 帽子British schoolboys sometimes wear caps.
（钢笔、瓶子等的）帽、盖When I saw the bottle, the scene of Dad trying to remove the cap and in desperation(绝望) breaking it with the stone flashed before my eyes. (西城期末完形)
care
(n) 照料She watered the flower with great care.
小心Care is needed when crossing the road.
(v) 介意，在乎He failed the exam but he didn’t seem to care at all.
关心His parents really cares about him.
carry
(v) 携带，搬运；She carried her baby in her arms.
持有，带有；I never carry much money with me.
change
(n) 零钱，找头I have no small change.
改变Are you for or against change (你是赞同还是反对改动？)
(v) 改变 It is not easy to make him change his mind.
close
(v) 关闭Don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room.
(a) 亲密的 I have a close friend called Joy.
接近 The church is close to the school.
(ad) 接近，靠近They quite close.
close by离（某人或某事物）不远
After Mother died years later, he insisted on staying in the small house with the garden and a few farm animals close by . (西城期末完形)
Cold
(a)寒冷的It’s so cold in winter in Beijing.
冷却的I’d like a cold drink.
不友好的The cold look on her face made me sad.
(n) 寒冷Don’t stand outside in the cold.
伤风，感冒He didn’t come to school because he had a bad cold.
cover
(v) 覆盖The ground is covered with snow.
(n) 盖子； 罩； 封面
Date
(n) 日期 What’s the date today
约会Tonight I have a date with Mike.
up to date 时新的，现代的 out of date 过时的
drop
(v)使（某物）意外地落下The bottle dropped and broke.
放弃I found it difficult to learn physics so I decided to drop it.
(n)(液体的)珠，滴 ；rain-drops
Easy
(a) 容易的The exam yesterday was really easy.
舒适的，安心的Now I am leading an easy life.
Take it easy 别着急
Excuse
(v) 原谅Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the airport
(n)借口，辩解There is no excuse for his mistake.
express
(v)表达； It is hard for him to express himself in English.
用快邮寄出（信、邮包等）
(n)快车The 8:00 am express to Beijing is always crowed.
快邮，速递He sent the book to me by express.
Face
(n) 脸 face to face
(v) 面对 He faced the difficulties bravely.
fat
(a) 肥胖的If you eat too much chocolate, you will get fat.
(n) 脂肪This ham has too much fat on it.
Fit
(a) 健康的 He always do exercise to keep fit.
(v) 适合 The jacket fits him well.
free
(a) 免费的The coffee is free here.
自由的，空闲的I am free this afternoon. What about going shopping with me
Full
(a) 满的The room is full of people.
饱的I’m full and I can’t eat anything .
Gift
(n) 礼物；a birthday gift
天赋 I have a gift for music.
Green
(a) 绿色的；a green dress
（指水果）未成熟的，生的green bananas
新来的,无经验的You must be green to believe that.
Grow
(v)生长I want to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei when I grow up.
种植My grandparents grew a lot of flowers behind their house last year.
变成It began to grow dark.
Hard
(a) 困难的It is hard to know whether it will be clear soon.
硬的The ground is as hard as stone.
(ad) 努力地Work hard, or you will fall behind.
猛烈地It is raining hard. Don’t go out until it stops.
Have
(v) 有I have a lot of hobbies.
从事，进行Let’s have a talk.
吃He usually has a sandwich for lunch.
kind
(n)种类 There are all kinds of books in the library.
(a)和蔼的 Would you be kind enough to help me
last
(v) 持续 How long do you think this fine weather will last
(a)最后的December is the last month of the year.
最近的，上一个的 I thought her last book was one of the best.
Lay
(v)将某物或某人置于某位置 Please lay the book on the table.
（指鸟、虫等）产（卵）The hens are not laying well at the moment.
Lesson
(n)功课The first lesson in driving is how to start the car.
一节课My yoga lesson begins at 8pm.
教训 ，经验，榜样Let this be a lesson to you never to play with matches!
Lie
(v) 平躺Don’t lie in bed all morning.
位于The city lies in the east of China.
撒谎He is lying! Don’t believe him.
Lift
(v) 举起He can easily lift the heavy boy.
（云或烟等）消散；The cloud will lift soon according to the weather report.
(n) 电梯The office is on the sixth floor. Let’s take a lift.
免费搭私人车I’ll give you a lift to the station.
light
(v)点燃He lit the candle.
(n) 电灯Turn on the lights, please.
灯光The light is too poor to read by.
(a) 明亮的We like to study in a light room.
浅色的I prefer light colors.
轻的The coat is light and warm.
易懂的I took some light reading for the train journey.
light music 轻音乐
（指睡眠）不沉的，不熟的Don’t make any noise—my mother is a very light sleeper.
Like
(prep)像 He looks like his father.
(v)喜欢 I like to chat with others.
live
(v)居住； Where do you live
过…样的生活He wants to live a peaceful life.
(a) 活的There are lots of live fish in the small river.
(ad) 现场直播地The match will be shown live by BBC.
Long
(a) 长的 This is a long story.
(v) long for 渴望 The children are longing for holidays.
make
(v)制造Can you make a model car
做 He is good at making cake.
强迫They made me repeat the story.
⑵make (n)牌子Cars of all makes can be seen in the street.
制造This is a coat of excellent make.(做工精致的)
match
(v) 与…相配The furniture and the room match perfectly.
(n)比赛There will be a basketball match on TV tonight.
火柴People don’t use matches quite often now.
Mind
(v)介意Would you mind taking care of my dog
照看Mind my bike while I go into the shop.
留神Mind the step!
(n)思想，想法 change one’s mind come to mind make up one’s mind
Miss
(v) 想念I miss my childhood a lot.
错过，未赶上He missed the meeting because of the bad weather.
未击中He shot the basket but he missed.
Nobody
(pron) 没有人，谁也不Nobody is in the room. It is empty.
(n)渺小人物He was just a nobody before he became a manager.
Notice
(v) 注意到 I noticed he left early.
(n) 通知 Put up the notice and let everyone know it.
Order
(n) 顺序Put everything in order.
定单,定货He gave his order to the waiter.
(v) 命令We ordered him to leave.
定购,定做，预定I have ordered a new table from the shop.
pass
(v) 传递 Will you please pass me the book on the desk
通过 He passed me but said nothing.
打发时间 pass the time
past
(a) 结束的 Winter is past and spring has come.
(prep) 过… What time is it It a quarter past twelve.
走过某处 He walked past me and say nothing.
patient
(n) 病人 The doctor is looking after the patient.
patient (a) 耐心的 Be patient! He is only a child.
pick
(v) 拾起 He picked the pen up and gave it to the teacher.
挑选 He picked the biggest apple and passed it to his mother.
采，摘 You’d better not pick the flowers in the garden.
place
(n) 地点 This is a famous place.
(v)放置 Place the book on the table.
Poor
(a)穷的 He is very poor but he is very happy.
(a) 差的 I am poor in English.
Present
(n)礼物 I always receive many presents on my birthday.
现在，目前At present we are having a break.
(a)出席的； How many people were present at the meeting
(v)将某物赠与某人 He presented a gold medal to the winner.
Pretty
(a)漂亮的 She is very pretty.
(ad) 相当地 He draws pretty well.
raise
(v) 举起，提起 Please raise your hand if you want to say something.
(v) 召集或集结(某事物)The volunteers hold a party to raise money for the poor children.
record
(n) 唱片 I am looking forward to getting a latest record of Taylor Swift.
记录 He hopes to break a record in London in 2012.
Rest
(v) 休息 It’s time to rest for a while.
(n) 休息 It’s time to have a rest.
剩余部分 Tonight I’ll have enough time to watch the rest of the film.
return
(v) 返回 He returned to his hometown in 1999.
归还 Please return the book to me as soon as possible.
Ride
(v) 骑 Can you ride a horse
(n) 乘骑，乘坐，搭乘 We went for a ride in her new car.
room
(n) 房间 --Which room do you like – The one on the left.
空间 Who can make room for this old man
Rule
(n) 规则 You must obey the rules.
(v) 统治 He ruled the country and people all loved him.
Run
(v) 跑步 Every day we practice running on the playground.
经营 He ran the company successfully.
Sort
(v) 挑选 Can you sort these apples into two parts
种类 What sort of food do you like best
Sound
(n) 声音 Listen! Can you hear a strange sound
(v) 听起来 The music sounds beautiful.
spare
(v)留出 Can you spare me five minutes
(a)备用的 There is a spare bedroom on the second floor.
多余的，空闲的 I often read books in my spare time.
stick
(v)粘住 Stick a stamp on the letter.
(n) 枝条；棍 The old man needed a walking stick.
still
(ad) 还 He still kept the photo which was taken ten years ago.
(a) 静止不动 Stand still! Don’t move!
Store
(n) 商店 I went to the bookstore and bought the book I wanted.
(v) 贮藏 Many animals like to store food for winter.
strange
(a) 奇怪的 It’s strange you’ve never met him.
陌生的 He stood in a strange street.
strong
(a) 强壮的 She is not very strong after her illness.
坚固的 He had strong beliefs so he succeeded in the end.
（尤指饮料）烈性的，浓的 The tea is too strong.
study
(v) 学习，研究 She studies French.
书房 She is studying French in her study.
take
(v) 获得，享有，使用 take the bus take a walk
拿走 Who has taken my pen
携带，带领 We usually take the children to school in the car.
Tell
(v) 告诉 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.
分辨 --Which team will win --Who can tell
Terrible
(a) 可怕的 This was a terrible war.
糟糕的 To tell you the truth, it’s really a terrible play.
Thin
(a) 瘦的 She is very thin.
薄的，细的 Don’t skate on the thin ice.
Time
(n) 一段时间 Learning English takes quite a long time.
钟点 The clock keeps good time. (这个钟时间很准)
时刻 It’s time to go to bed.
次数 I have been there many times.
Treat
(v) 对待，看待 She treated us as children.
款待 He treated himself to a holiday in Spain.
医治，治疗 He tried his best to treat the disease.
Watch
(n) 手表
(v)观察The students watched as the teacher did the experiment.
观看Will you watch the match on TV
守卫或保护某人或某物Could you watch my clothes while I have a swim
way
(n)路 Can you show me the way to the hospital
（沿某）方向 He went this way.
（做某事的）方法What is the best way to clean it
wear
(v)穿着Look at the man who is wearing an overcoat! He is Jackie Chen!
戴着I don’t like wearing glasses.
wonder
(v) 想知道 I wonder why he is late.
(n) 奇迹 These are books of wonders.
Wrong
(a)错误的I am sorry to say that your answer is wrong.
不正常的，有毛病的There is something wrong with my computer.
练习
一、考查固定句式
1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。
_______________ Li Ping ___________________ his homework last night.
2. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。
That new school is ______________ that it _______________.
3. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。
When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _______ excited _______ they cried out.
4. 秋天的天气不冷也不热。
It is _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______in autumn.
5. 你最好脱掉你的外套。
You‘d better ________ ________ your overcoat.
6. 她不仅会说英语，还会说汉语。
She can speak _________English _________ Chinese.
7. 我认为这所房子不够大。
I _____ _______ the house is big enough.
8. 他跑得如此之快，以至于我都赶不上他。
He ran_____ fast_______ I couldn‘t catch up with him.
9. 昨晚玛丽11点才睡觉。
Mary did _______ go to bed _______ eleven o‘ clock last night.
10. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。
It will________ the workers over a year________ ________ the fly-over.
11. 外面正在下大雨，你最好呆在家里。
It‘s raining heavily outside. You’d________ at home.
12. 我想能尽快看到他。
I would like to see him ____ _____ as possible， please.
13. 如果今晚他们外出散步，我也去。
If they go out for a walk this evening， _____________.
14. 孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。
Children are becoming _____________ in science.
15. 他是一个好人，与每个人都相处得很好。
He is such a kind man _____________.
16. 她和我都不正确。
_____ she nor I _____ right.
17 . 我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。
We find_____ _______to go out at night.
18. 我认为在短时间内学好一门外语很难。
I _________it ________ to learn a foreign language well in a short time.
19. 乘公共汽车去那里需要我们20分钟。
I takes _____twenty _____to go there by bus.
20. 在强烈的光线下看书不好。
_______________ us to read in strong light.
二、考查词形变换：
（以下习题选自近年来的中考真题）
1. 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？
_______ _______ _______ important in _______ newspaper？
2. 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。
The mountain is ______ _______ than you think.
3. 第九课在第九十页。
The ________ Lesson is on the________ page.
4. 街道的两边有好几家儿童鞋店。
There are quite a few children‘s _____shops on ______ side of the street.
5. 最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。
The _______hospital is about ten kilometers_________.
6. 你的书和我的不一样。
Your book is ________ _________ mine.
7. 随着科学的发展，计算机将得到更广泛的应用。
______the development of science， computers will be used more _______.
8. 这是一场如此重要的球赛，我们不能不观看。
It‘s such an _____ match that we can’t ______it.
二、高频近义词辨析： ★★★☆☆☆
happen和occur
1）含义：发生
2）区别：
happen指一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。
occur较正式，指按计划使某事或效果发生，通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定。
例
The accident happened yesterday.
These events occurred in 1909.
常考搭配：What happened 发生了什么？
happen to be ... 碰巧...
It occurs to sb that ... 某人想起了...
练习
The traffic accident in the morning.
It to me that I forgot to turn off the light when I left home.
find和discover
含义：发现，寻找
区别：
find通常表示“发现或找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人”。
discover但是若表示“发现客观业已存在而尚未发现的事物”时，要用。
例
The police have found the missing child．
We are not only good at discovering problems, we are also good at solving them.
练习
I a watch on the road.
Columbus America in1492
seem和like
含义：像
区别：
seem可以为连系动词,像seem+adj
也可以为动词,像seem+to be+adj
like是介词,所以后面跟名词或是动词的ing形式
例
He seems to be happy today.
It seems that he is very happy today.
He looks like his father.
常考搭配：=It seems that+（从句）
look like 看起来像
练习
1.she is a fine girl, ____ her mother used to be.
2.It that he passed the exam.
4. news/message/information
含义：新闻，消息
区别：
information比较正式 书面，指资料，情报，信息等意思不过它一般指的是电视、电脑或者是其它杂志等途径获得的信息，为可数名词
Message含义较广，可指书面、口头、无线电等多种渠道传来的信息，因而有“消息、口信、电报”等意思，为可数名词
news含义较窄，一般指“新闻，消息”，主要是通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介向公众报道的最新消息，为不可数名词
例
You can get much information on the Internet.
I haven t had a message from him for a month.
Is there any good news today
常考搭配：latest news 最新消息 current news 时事
练习
1. I have a ____ for you from my teacher.
2. There is much new ____ in this book.
3. They were listening to the ____ over the radio .
4. Will you take this ____ to your brother
5. They have no _____ about where she has gone.
5. but/however
含义：但是
区别：
but着重强调前后意思转折，并且转折的语气最为强烈，用的最多
"however"的用法很简单，一般放在两句之间，前后用逗号隔开独立成句，表示意思的转折，译为"然而、不过"
例
I really want to go shopping with you, but I do have no money.
You should finish your work before nine o'clock. However, you can have a break before it.
[注]：两者语气有强到弱: but, however
练习
1.I like the film, _____ I have no time to see it.
2. It's raining hard. ____ , I think we should go out.
5. rise/ arise
含义：上升
区别：
rise “升起、起来”它表“起床”的意义时比get up 正式 ，但不如get up 常用。
arise “出现、发生”。它虽然可表“升起、起来、起床等意思，但现在一般不用于此义，特别是在口语中。
例
The sun rises in the east.
A new problem has arisen.
练习
A heavy mist from the lake.
2. When I started off, the sun was _____
around/ round
含义：在周围
区别：
around 与 round 都可以用着前置词和副词。
around “在 周围”“在周围”“循环地”。表静止的位置。
round “环绕 周围、循环地”表一种活动的状况。
例
Hey sat around the table.
The earth moves round the sun.
[注]：这两个词现在可以通用，只是around 多用于美国，round多用于英国。
练习
1. Students are standing ________
2. The river ________ the stones.
as/ because/ for/ since
含义：原因、理由
区别：
as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显的，或者被认为是已知的时，则以用as 为好。
because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中，它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because . 注意：because 不可以与so 连用。
since“既然”比as 较为正式，说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。
for “因为”表原因或理由时，用以说明理由，只是解释性的。在这几个词中，它的语意最弱。它少用于口语中，也不用于句首。
例
As he was not well, I decided to go without him.
He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.
---Ｗhy can t you do it now
--- Because I m too busy.
Since light travels faster than sound,we see lightening before we hear the thunder.
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.
［注］：这几个词按语意的强弱来排，其顺序为：
because—→since—→(as)—→for
练习
I like apple it is healthy.
they were not there, I left a message.
you are wrong, you should apologize.
Thank you teaching us so well.
beat/ hit/ strike/ knock
含义：敲；打
区别：
beat 着重“连续地击打”如殴打或体罚，也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方。
hit 往往与strike通用，但严格地说，hit指“打中”或“对准 来打”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点。
strike 是很普通的用词，通常表示“打一下、打若干下”等意思，不一定都是有意的。Strike还可以表示“擦着（火柴）”的意思。
knock “敲；撞击；打”常与at/on, down连用。
例
Don’t beat the child .
In the end their enemies were beaten.
The stone hit him on the head.
I hit the target.
He struck the man on the head.
Immediately Holmes jumped up from the bed and struck a match.
You should knock on/ at the door before coming in the teacher s office.
练习
Don’t the child.
The stone him on the head.
He the man on the head.
You should at the door before coming in the teacher’s office.
beat/ win/ defeat
含义：赢，战胜
区别：
beat “打赢”“战胜”。用于比赛时，后接宾语是战胜对手，表示“赢了某人”。
win “赢得；获胜”， 用作及物动词，后接宾语是表示某种比赛的名词或战争，而不是参加比赛的对手。
defeat “战胜；赢得”与win 一样，较正式，后接宾语时与beat一样，是表示人或代表群体的名词或代词，间或接表事物的名词或代词。
例
Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
We are sure to beat them.
We won the basketball game.
Who won the race
Our class defeated / beat theirs in the basket-ball match yesterday.
练习
1. Our team has ___ the football match, we are all happy.
2. The Brazilian football team ___ us 5-0 in that match, all the Chinese fans were very sad.
12. become/ get/ go/ grow/ turn
含义：都可作连系动词表“变化的”
区别：
become 比较正式，常用于书面语中，表示由一个状态向另一个状态的变化。通常用于过去完成的事，不表未来的事。
get 多用于口语中，后常接形容词，表“变化”的过程，特别常接比较级形容词。
go 表示因某种原因而进入某种状态，说明“变”的结果。
turn 含有“变得和以前完全不同”之意，说明变的结果。
例
I became a teacher three years ago.
He has become a famous person.
The days are getting longer and longer.
Things are getting worse.
After he heard the news, his face went white.
The sky went cloudy.
The smoke grew bigger and thicker.
My younger brother is growing tall.
The trees turn green.
His love turned into hate.
练习
These eggs have bad.
It began to dark.
He a writer after graduating from college.
borrow/lend
含义：借
区别：
borrow 指“借入”
lend 则指“借出”,两者其实是一对反义词,而不是同义词.
例
Can I borrow your bike 我可以借用你的自行车吗
He lent his dictionary to me.他把字典借给我.
常考搭配：borrow sth from sb
lend sb sth lend sth to sb
练习
--My bike is broken, can I ___ yours ,Lily
--Oh, sorry, I’ve ____ it to Sandy.
check/examine
含义：检查
区别：
examine：侧重看人或事物存在的问题（毛病）。故障或违禁等，另有一“考试”之意。
check:检查、核对、核实，侧重看前后数量等是否一致，也用于判断事物的正误，有无等。
例
1. All the students will be ________ at the end of the semester.
2. ______the oil and water before setting off.
look/watch/see
含义：看
区别：
look是有意的,强调“看”的动作.单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意；如果跟宾语,要和at连用。
watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。
see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”
例
Look! Tom is over there.
Look at the blackboard, please.
How many birds can you see in the tree
Do you watch TV at night
练习
1. , what is that
2. I signed to my teacher, but he didn't even ___ me.
3. I like ___ TV at home on Sundays..
三、词汇的感彩辨析 ★★★☆☆☆
1. 表示观点态度常见的词语：
表示积极意义：
赞成： approve, agree, share, prefer, wise, reasonable
赞赏：admire, think much/highly of, be proud of
喜欢：love, enjoy, favorite, favor, wonderful, funny, be fond of, be keen on
关心：concerned, care about, regard, attention
其他积极意义的词：active, positive, enthusiastic, confident, proud, optimistic
表示消极意义：
反对：disapprove, disagree,
厌烦：dislike, bored/boring, be tired of
怨恨或生气：hate, hatred, angry, anger, irritated
害怕或担心：fearful, frightened, worried, nervous
批评或讽刺：critical, criticize, find fault with, ironic
失望或灰心：disappointed, discouraged
后悔或遗憾：regret, regretful, pity, shame
漠然或热情：indifferent, detached, careless
其他表示消极意义的词： unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish, negative, pessimistic, arrogant
注意：现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情的色彩，通常与 always, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用。
She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)
The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。(表示厌恶)
2. 常见的否定词语与表达
1) 含有否定标志：
no, not, none, nobody, nothing, never, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, little, few, without, not…at all, not…until, no sooner…than/hardly…when, nothing but, no more/no longer
2) 不含有否定标志
deny, fail, refuse, ignore, dislike, overlook, miss, doubt, lack, against, beyond, unless, instead of, far from, short of, other than, rather than, too…to, anything but, the last thing+定语从句
3) 否定转移
在含有表示“相信”或“臆测”等含义的动词的主从复合句中，虽然否定词在形式上否定的是主句的谓语，但在实际意义上否定的却是从句的谓语。
常见的这类词有：believe, think, imagine, feel, expect, suppose等。
I don’t think your choice is right.
4)双重否定表示肯定：
Unless you have visited the southern United States, you probably never heard of Kudzu.
Without them the animals will not remain healthy and productive.
3. 反问句的其它含义
1） 表示异议
Do you think it is necessary
Does it matter
2）表示责怪或批评。
Shouldn’t you be studying in the room now
How could you keep going on line so long
3） 表示委婉拒绝
Don’t you think it is a little far
Do you think I will go to his home again
4） 表示惊讶
Wouldn’t you get bored with the same routine year after year
Is that all you want to say
5）表示肯定
Isn’t it nice just to get away from all the noise
Isn’t it right for her to accept that job
练习
1. 选择与划线部分意思相近的词语：
1. It’s nice of you to help me with my English.
A. lucky B. happy C. kind D. well
2. Which would you prefer, beef or pork
A. like B. have C. hate D. dislike
3. This dress is nice and cheap. I’ll take it.
A. bring B. have C. look D. sell
4. Please return the book to me as soon as you can.
A. give back B. come back C. get back D. lend
2. 选择与划线部分意思相反的词语：
1. This colour TV is too expensive. I can’t buy it.
A. cheap B. much C. dear D. nice
2. We should be careful when we cross the street.
A. boring B. careless C. carelessness D. exciting
3. When we are making banana milk shake, we need firstly buy some bananas.
A. secondly B. final C. least D. last
KEYS: ABD
3. 近义词连线：
Complex right
Correct blank
Empty suitable
Fast complicated
fit rapid
4. 反义词连线：
Thin messy
strong narrow
tidy thick
pass fail
wide weak

展开更多......

收起↑