资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台高考英语短文改错常见错误总结学案一、语法类错误(高频考点)1. 动词时态与语态错误类型: 时态不一致(如一般过去时与现在完成时混用) 被动语态遗漏be动词 主谓不一致例句: 错:She go to school by bus every day.(主谓不一致)对:She goes to school by bus every day. 错:The project was complete last month.(被动语态缺过去分词)对:The project was completed last month.解题技巧: 划谓语动词,检查主语单复数 关注时间状语(如yesterday, since 2020) 被动语态结构:be + 过去分词2. 名词单复数与所有格错误类型: 可数名词单数漏加冠词(a/an/the) 不可数名词误用复数 所有格形式错误(’s与s’混淆)例句: 错:I have many hobby.(可数名词未用复数)对:I have many hobbies. 错:This is Tom’s and Jim’s room.(共有所有格错误)对:This is Tom and Jim’s room.(共同拥有加最后一个’s)解题技巧: 前有many/much, few/little等词,判断名词可数性 所有格:单数名词+’s,复数名词+s’3. 形容词与副词混淆错误类型: 形容词误用为副词(如修饰动词用形容词) 副词等级错误(原级/比较级/最高级)例句: 错:She sings beautiful.(形容词修饰动词)对:She sings beautifully. 错:He is the tall in his class.(最高级缺the)对:He is the tallest in his class.解题技巧: 形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词/形容词/句子 比较级标志:than;最高级标志:the + 形容词最高级二、虚词类错误(细节陷阱)1. 冠词(a/an/the)错误类型: 泛指/特指混淆(a vs. the) 专有名词前错用冠词 固定搭配中冠词缺失或多余例句: 错:I want to be engineer.(元音音素前用an)对:I want to be an engineer. 错:The China is a developing country.(国名前不加the)对:China is a developing country.解题技巧: 牢记冠词基本用法:a/an表泛指,the表特指 固定搭配:in the morning, play basketball(球类前无the)2. 介词(搭配错误)错误类型: 不及物动词后缺介词 固定短语中介词误用(如to/for/with混淆)例句: 错:He arrived the station on time.(arrive后缺at)对:He arrived at the station on time. 错:Thank you for your help of me.(of改为to)对:Thank you for your help to me.解题技巧: 常见动词短语:listen to, depend on, apologize for 形容词短语:be good at, be interested in, be responsible for3. 代词(指代不清)错误类型: 人称代词主格/宾格错误(I/me, he/him) 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词混淆(my/mine) 不定代词误用(such as: some/any, other/another)例句: 错:Let I help you.(宾格误用主格)对:Let me help you. 错:This book is her.(名词性物主代词缺失)对:This book is hers.解题技巧: 动词/介词后用宾格(如give it to him) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词(如mine=my book)三、逻辑类错误(隐性难点)1. 上下文逻辑矛盾错误类型: 转折/因果关系词误用(but/and, so/because) 肯定/否定词矛盾(如hardly与not连用)例句: 错:He was tired, and he kept working.(转折关系用but)对:He was tired, but he kept working. 错:I can’t hardly believe my eyes.(双重否定错误)对:I can hardly believe my eyes.解题技巧: 通读句子,判断前后逻辑关系(并列/转折/因果) 常见否定词:hardly, never, seldom, rarely2. 语义重复错误类型: 近义词堆砌(如return back, repeat again) 多余修饰词(如very unique, completely full)例句: 错:Please repeat again what you said.(repeat已含again之意)对:Please repeat what you said. 错:The room is very empty.(empty无需very修饰)对:The room is empty.解题技巧: 牢记固定搭配,避免语义重复 常见错误:enter into, return back, completely destroy四、固定搭配类错误(高频考点)1. 动词短语错误类型: 介词遗漏或误用(如look for/look after混淆) 不定式与动名词混淆(如want to do/ enjoy doing)例句: 错:He suggested to go hiking.(suggest后接doing)对:He suggested going hiking. 错:I look forward to see you.(to为介词,接doing)对:I look forward to seeing you.解题技巧: 常考短语: 接动名词:admit doing, avoid doing, practise doing 接不定式:decide to do, hope to do, plan to do2. 名词短语错误类型: 单复数与搭配不符(如a pair of shoe) 固定短语错误(如in danger/ in troubles)例句: 错:She bought two pair of socks.(pair用复数)对:She bought two pairs of socks. 错:He is in a trouble now.(trouble为不可数名词)对:He is in trouble now.解题技巧: 常见固定短语: a piece of advice, a lot of traffic, make progress in fact, on time, at first五、解题步骤与实战演练1. 解题四步法1. 通读全文:把握主旨,标记明显错误(如时态、单复数)2. 逐句分析:按“语法→虚词→逻辑→搭配”顺序排查3. 复读验证:修改后通读,确保逻辑通顺、语法正确4. 统计错误类型:总结高频错误,针对性强化2. 实战演练(附解析)原文片段:Last week, I go to the library with my friend. We plan to do our homework there. When we arrived, we found a lot of student studying quietly. I seated down and took out my book. Suddenly, my friend whispers, “Look at the man over there!” I looked up and saw a man wearing a black jacket. He was look through a shelf of books nervous.改错解析:1. go→went(时态错误,Last week用一般过去时)2. plan→planned(同上)3. student→students(a lot of后接复数)4. seated→sat(seat为及物动词,此处用sit)5. whispers→whispered(时态一致)6. look→looking(过去进行时was doing)7. nervous→nervously(副词修饰动词短语look through)六、备考策略1. 错题归类表错误类型 高频考点 自我检测问题动词时态 过去时与现在完成时 该句时间状语是什么?名词复数 可数与不可数名词 前有哪些修饰词?介词搭配 动词短语中介词 该动词是及物还是不及物?逻辑关系 转折与因果词 前后句是何逻辑关系?2. 高效训练法 限时训练:每天10分钟,练习1篇短文改错,培养快速反应能力 错题重做:每周复习错题,分析错误原因,避免重复犯错 规律总结:整理常考错误类型(如每年必考1-2处动词时态错误)关键提醒:短文改错遵循“1改1删1增”原则(1处修改,1处删除,1处增添),注意每句最多2处错误,避免过度修改。坚持每日练习,可显著提升语法敏感度和解题速度!21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览