资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台沪教版七年级下册第5单元重点语法汇总1. 描述数量的表达(1)a lot of(许多,大量):用于可数名词复数或不可数名词,多用于肯定句。例句1:There is a lot of water in the ocean. 海洋中有大量的水。例句2:We have a lot of books in the library. 图书馆里有很多书。(2)a little(一点):修饰不可数名词,表示肯定意义。例句1:Add a little sugar to the tea. 给茶加一点糖。例句2:There is a little milk left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩一点牛奶。(3)a few(几个):修饰可数名词复数,表示肯定意义。例句1:There are a few apples on the table. 桌上有几个苹果。例句2:We need a few more chairs for the guests. 我们需要再准备几把椅子给客人。(4)enough(足够的):修饰可数或不可数名词,表示“足够”。例句1:Do we have enough time to finish the project 我们有足够的时间完成这个项目吗?例句2:There are enough seats for everyone. 座位足够所有人坐。(5)much(许多):修饰不可数名词,多用于否定句和疑问句。例句1:We don’t have much fresh water on Earth. 地球上没有太多淡水。例句2:How much money do you need 你需要多少钱?(6)many(许多):修饰可数名词复数,多用于疑问句和否定句。例句1:Are there many students in the classroom 教室里有很多学生吗?例句2:We don’t have many bottles of juice. 我们没有很多瓶果汁。(7)no(没有):修饰可数或不可数名词,表示完全否定。例句1:There is no water in the cup. 杯子里没有水。例句2:There are no onions left in the kitchen. 厨房里没有洋葱了。2. 疑问词 How many 与 How much 的区分(1)How many:用于询问可数名词的数量,后接复数名词。例句1:How many onions do we have 我们有多少洋葱?例句2:How many students are there in your class 你们班有多少学生?(2)How much:用于询问不可数名词的数量或物品价格。例句1:How much cooking oil do we need 我们需要多少食用油?例句2:How much is this shirt 这件衬衫多少钱?3. 祈使句(1)定义祈使句用于表达 命令、请求、建议、劝告或号召,通常省略主语(默认主语为“你/你们”),直接以 动词原形 开头,句末用句号或感叹号。例句1:Close the door. 关上门。例句2:“Please help me with this box. 请帮我搬这个箱子。例句3:Don’t touch the hot stove! 别碰热炉子!(2)基本结构肯定祈使句:动词原形 + 其他成分例句1:Open the window. 打开窗户。例句2:Be quiet in the library. 在图书馆保持安静。否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他成分例句1:Don’t eat too much candy. 别吃太多糖果。例句2:Don’t be late for school. 上学别迟到。委婉请求:Please + 动词原形 / 动词原形 + please例句1:Please sit down. 请坐下。例句2:Pass me the salt, please. 请把盐递给我。(3)特殊用法与扩展以 “ Let’s ” 开头的祈使句:表示 建议或邀请对方一起做某事,结构为 Let’s + 动词原形。例句1:Let’s start the meeting now. 我们现在开始开会吧。例句2:Let’s not waste time. 我们别浪费时间了。省略动词的祈使句:在特定语境中,动词可省略,直接用 名词、形容词或副词 表达要求。例子1:Silence! 安静!例子2:Careful! 小心!加强语气的祈使句:使用 感叹号 或加入 副词 增强语气。例句1:Stop talking immediately! 立刻停止说话!例句2:Listen carefully to the instructions. 仔细听指示。带主语的祈使句:为明确对象,可加入主语 通常为第二人称。例句1:Someone turn off the lights. 谁来关下灯。例句2:Parents, protect your children from danger. 家长们,保护好你们的孩子。(4)使用场景与例句场景 例句指令 Press the red button in case of emergency. 紧急情况下按红色按钮。建议 Take an umbrella; it might rain. 带把伞,可能要下雨。警告 Don’t swim in the deep water! 别在深水区游泳!礼貌请求 Please fill out this form. 请填写这张表格。号召行动 Let’s save water for our future! 让我们为未来节约用水!4. 一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时:描述客观事实、习惯性动作或普遍真理。例句1:Water falls from the clouds as rain. 水从云中落下形成雨。例句2:People clean the water in a special place. 人们在特殊的地方净化水。(2)现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作,结构为 be动词 + 动词-ing。例句1:Du Yun is brushing her teeth. 杜云正在刷牙。例句2:The tap is running, and water is wasting. 水龙头在流水,水被浪费了。对比:The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。(客观事实)Look! The sun is rising now. 看!太阳正在升起。(正在发生)5. 情态动词 Should 和 Must(1)Should 的用法表示建议或劝告(语气委婉):should + 动词原形例句1:You should drink more water every day. 你应该每天多喝水。例句2:We should recycle plastic bottles to protect the environment. 我们应该回收塑料瓶以保护环境。表示义务或责任(非强制)例句1:Students should finish their homework on time. 学生应该按时完成作业。例句2:Parents should take care of their children. 父母应当照顾孩子。否定形式:should not / shouldn’t,表示“不应该做某事”。例句1:You shouldn’t waste water. 你不应该浪费水。例句2:He shouldn’t eat junk food every day. 他不应该每天吃垃圾食品。特殊用法:表示推测或可能性(较弱),通常用于推测合乎逻辑的结果。例句:It’s 9 a.m. The office should be open now. 现在是早上9点,办公室应该开门了。(2)Must 的用法表示强制性的义务或必要性(语气强烈):must + 动词原形例句1:You must stop at a red light. 红灯时必须停车。例句2:Students must wear uniforms at school. 学生在校必须穿校服。表示强烈的建议或迫切的需求例句1:You must see this movie—it’s amazing! 你一定要看这部电影,太棒了!例句2:We must save water to avoid future shortages. 我们必须节约用水以避免未来短缺。否定形式:must not / mustn’t,表示“禁止做某事”,语气严厉。例句1:You mustn’t swim in this river—it’s dangerous! 你绝对不可以在这条河里游泳,很危险!例句2:Visitors mustn’t feed the animals in the zoo. 游客不得在动物园投喂动物。表示逻辑上的必然性(推测),用于肯定句,表示“一定”。例句:The lights are on. Someone must be at home. 灯亮着,家里一定有人。6. 被动语态:当动作的执行者不重要或不明确时使用。结构:be动词 + 过去分词,强调动作的承受者。例句1:The water is cleaned in a special place. 水在一个特殊的地方被净化。例句2:Some chemicals are added to the water. 水中被添加了一些化学物质。7. 连接词表示顺序:用于描述事件或过程的步骤顺序。常用短语:First... Then... After that... Next... Finally...例句: First, water falls from the clouds as rain. Then it runs into rivers. After that, it flows into the sea. Finally, it rises back to the sky. 首先,水从云中落下形成雨。然后流入河流,接着汇入海洋,最后蒸发回到天空。8. 介词短语的用法(1)in the bathroom(在浴室里):表示位置。例句:Du Yun was in the bathroom. 杜云在浴室里。(2)through the pipes(通过管道):表示路径。例句:Water travels through the pipes to our homes. 水通过管道流向我们的家。(3)from the reservoir(从水库):表示来源。例句:The water comes from the reservoir. 水来自水库。9. 比较级与最高级(1)比较级:用于两者之间的比较,结构为 形容词 + -er / more + 形容词。例句1:We have more than enough cooking oil. 我们的食用油绰绰有余。例句2:This river is longer than that one. 这条河比那条长。(2)最高级:用于三者或以上的比较,结构为 the + 形容词 + -est / most + 形容词。例句1:The Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。例句2:The world’s biggest cities are near water. 世界上最大的城市都靠近水源。10.不定代词(1)定义:指不具体指代某个特定的人、事物或数量的代词,用于泛指或模糊指代。根据功能可分为以下类别:泛指人/事物:someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, anything, nothing, everything数量相关:some, any, none, all, both, either, neither, many, much, few, little个体与整体:each, every, another, others(2)常见不定代词的用法与例句不定代词 用法与例句 注意some 肯定句中表示“一些”或疑问句中表示请求/邀请:例句1: There is some water in the bottle.例句2: Would you like some tea 疑问句中用“some”表示期待肯定回答。any 否定句/疑问句中表示“任何”:例句1: We don’t have any milk.例句2: Is there any homework today 不可用于肯定句(除“任何”含义外):例句: You can choose any book.no / none no修饰名词;none单独使用:例句1: There is no sugar left.例句2: How many apples None. “none”可接“of + 复数名词”:例句: None of the students passed the test.every / each every强调整体;each强调个体:例句1: Every child likes candy.例句2: Each student has a desk. “every”后接单数动词;“each of”接复数名词:例句: Each of the books is interesting.someone / anyone someone用于肯定句;anyone用于否定/疑问句:例句1: Someone is knocking.例句2: Is anyone here 复合不定代词作主语时,动词用单数:例句: Everyone is ready.something / anything 用法同上,指代事物:例句1: I want something to eat.例句2: Did you see anything 否定句中用“not...anything”或“nothing”:例句: I didn’t find anything. = I found nothing.all / both all指三者及以上;both指两者:例句1: All students must attend.例句2: Both answers are correct. “all”接不可数名词时动词单数,接可数复数时动词复数:例句1: All the water is gone.例句2: All the books are mine.either / neither either指“两者中任一”;neither指“两者都不”:例句1: You can take either pen.例句2: Neither answer is right. 搭配“or”和“nor”:例句1: You can either stay or leave.例句2: Neither Tom nor Mary came.many / much many修饰可数复数;much修饰不可数名词:例句1: There aren’t many apples.例句2: We don’t have much time. 常用于否定句/疑问句;肯定句中用“a lot of”:例句: She has a lot of friends.21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览