资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台高考英语数词复习学案一、复习目标1. 掌握基数词、序数词的构成及基本用法。2. 突破分数、小数、百分数、倍数等特殊数词的表达与应用。3. 精准应对语法填空、短文改错、听力和写作中数词的高频考点。二、核心知识梳理(一)基数词(表示数量)1. 基本构成 1-12:独立单词 one, two, three…twelve 13-19:以-teen结尾 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen(注意:thirteen/fifteen/eighteen的拼写) 20-90:以-ty结尾 twenty, thirty, forty…ninety(注意:forty无u,eighty少t) 两位数:中间用连字符“-” twenty-one, thirty-five 三位数:百位与十位间用and连接 123 → one hundred and twenty-three 大数:从右往左每三位加逗号,依次为thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿) 1,234,567,890 → one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety2. 特殊用法 表示年龄: at the age of +基数词 → at the age of 18(在18岁时) in one’s +整十复数 → in his thirties(在他三十多岁时) 表示年代: in the 1990s / in the 1990’s(在20世纪90年代) 表示时间: 直接法:5:15 → five fifteen;7:30 → seven thirty 间接法(30分钟内用past,超过30分钟用to): 6:10 → ten past six;8:45 → fifteen to nine(或a quarter to nine) 表示顺序: “名词+基数词”(首字母小写,无冠词)→ Room 101, Bus No. 5(二)序数词(表示顺序)1. 基本构成 规则变化: 一般在基数词后+th → four→fourth, six→sixth 特殊结尾: 1st (first), 2nd (second), 3rd (third) 以ve结尾的词:five→fifth, twelve→twelfth(变ve为f+th) 以y结尾的整十数:twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(变y为ie+th) 多位数只变最后一位:twenty-one→twenty-first 不规则变化: five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth2. 用法要点 前加the:序数词前通常用定冠词the(但若有形容词性物主代词,则不用the)。 the second day, my first job 表示“又一,再一”:用“a/an+序数词”,不表顺序而表累加。 Can I try a second time (我能再试一次吗?)(三)分数、小数、百分数、倍数1. 分数 构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时,分母用复数。 1/3 → one third;2/5 → two fifths 特殊表达: 1/2 → a half;1/4 → a quarter;3/4 → three quarters 主谓一致:分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词一致。 Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water不可数,用单数) Three fifths of the students are boys.(students可数,用复数)2. 小数 读法:小数点读point,小数部分依次读出数字。 0.5 → zero point five;3.14 → three point one four3. 百分数 构成:数字+percent(无复数形式),后接of+名词。 50% → fifty percent;30% of the population(30%的人口)4. 倍数 常见结构: A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B→ This room is twice larger than that one.(这个房间比那个大两倍。) A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B→ This room is three times as large as that one.(这个房间是那个的三倍大。) A+倍数+the size/length/weight…+of+B→ This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间的面积是那个的三倍。)三、高频考点突破(一)语法填空:数词的形式与搭配解题步骤:1. 确定是基数词还是序数词(看语境表数量还是顺序)。2. 注意分数、百分数的固定表达(如percent无复数)。3. 倍数结构中形容词/副词的比较级或原级使用。例题:1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.(表顺序,用序数词twelfth)2. ______ (three) quarters of the earth’s surface is covered with water.(分数表达,用Three)3. The new building is four times ______ (high) than the old one.(倍数+比较级,用higher)(二)短文改错:数词的常见错误常见错误类型:1. 基数词与序数词混淆: 错:I live on the nine floor.对:I live on the ninth floor.(表楼层用序数词)2. 分数分母未用复数: 错:One fifth of the students has passed the exam.对:One fifth of the students have passed the exam.(分子>1,分母fifth正确;students复数,谓语用have)3. 倍数表达错误: 错:This box is twice as heavier as that one.对:This box is twice as heavy as that one.(as…as中间用原级)例题: 错:He is in his twenty.改:He is in his twenties.(“在某人几十岁时”用整十复数twenties)(三)听力与写作:数词的精准识别与表达应对策略:1. 听力: 注意区分teen与ty的发音(如fourteen/forty)。 记录大数时用逗号分隔(如1,000,000)辅助记忆。2. 写作: 避免中文式表达(如“第一,第二”用First, Second而非One, Two)。 正确使用分数作主语时的主谓一致(如Two thirds of…)。四、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. Father’s Day is on the ______ (three) Sunday in June.2. Three ______ (quarter) of the books in the library are in English.3. The meeting will be held in Room ______ (102).4. It’s about ten ______ (minute) walk from here to the school.5. This bridge is five times ______ (long) than that one.(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)1. There are nine hundreds students in our school. __________2. He became a doctor in his twenty. __________3. Two fifth of the land is used for farming. __________4. The cake is divided into three piece. __________5. My birthday is on July 3th. __________(三)写作提升用数词完成句子:1. 我们班有45名学生,其中三分之二是女生。There are 45 students in our class, and ______ ______ of them are girls.2. 这个城市的人口是那个城市的三倍。The population of this city is ______ ______ ______ that of that city.五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)(一)单句填空1. third2. quarters3. 1024. minutes’5. longer(二)短文改错1. hundreds→hundred(前有具体数字,hundred用单数)2. twenty→twenties(in one’s twenties在二十多岁时)3. fifth→fifths(分子Two>1,分母用复数)4. piece→pieces(three后接复数)5. 3th→3rd(3的序数词缩写为3rd)(三)写作提升1. two thirds2. three times that of备考小贴士:1. 制作“基数词-序数词对照卡”,强化不规则变化记忆(如five→fifth, twelve→twelfth)。2. 针对倍数、分数等复杂结构,整理经典例句并仿写。3. 听力练习中重点捕捉时间、数量、年份等数词信息,提高速记准确率。21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览