资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台高考英语代词复习学案一、复习目标1. 系统掌握各类代词的用法(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等)。2. 突破易混代词(如it/that/one,few/little,either/neither等)的辨析。3. 精准应对语法填空、短文改错、完形填空和写作中代词的高频考点。二、核心知识梳理(一)人称代词类别 单数 复数 用法主格 I, you, he, she, it we, you, they 作主语(位于句首)宾格 me, you, him, her, it us, you, them 作宾语(动词/介词后)例句: 主格:She is a teacher.(作主语) 宾格:Please give him the book.(作动词give的宾语) 介词后:This is for you.(作介词for的宾语)(二)物主代词类别 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 用法单数 my, your, his, her, its mine, yours, his, hers, its - 形容词性:后接名词(作定语)- 名词性:独立使用(=形容词性+名词)复数 our, your, their ours, yours, theirs例句: 形容词性:My school is big.(作定语,后接名词school) 名词性:This book is mine.(=my book,独立作表语) 对比:This is her pen. = This pen is hers.(三)反身代词单数 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself复数 ourselves, yourselves, themselves用法:1. 作宾语:主语与宾语为同一人/物时用反身代词。 He hurt himself when riding.(他骑车时伤到了自己。)2. 作同位语:强调主语或宾语本身,译为“本人/亲自”。 The president himself will attend the meeting.(总统本人将出席会议。)3. 固定搭配: enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to(随便吃)、by oneself(独自)(四)指示代词单数 this(近指), that(远指)复数 these(近指), those(远指)用法:1. 指代人或物: This is my bike, and that is hers.(this指近处的自行车,that指远处的)2. 替代名词: that替代单数可数名词或不可数名词(避免重复),后常接后置定语。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(that替代不可数名词weather) those替代复数可数名词,相当于the ones。 The books here are better than those there.(those替代复数名词books)3. 电话用语: —Hello! Who’s that —It’s me.(电话中用that问对方,用this自我介绍)(五)不定代词1. 普通不定代词代词 含义 用法要点some/any 一些 - some用于肯定句,any用于否定/疑问句- some可用于委婉请求(Would you like some tea )many/much 许多 - many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词few/a fewlittle/a little 几乎没有/有一点 - few/little表否定,a few/a little表肯定- few/a few+可数复数,little/a little+不可数each/every 每个 - each强调个体,可作主语/定语,后可接of- every强调整体,仅作定语,不可接ofeither/neither/both 两者 - either:两者中任一(单数)- neither:两者都不(单数)- both:两者都(复数)all/none 三者或以上 - all:全部(复数或不可数)- none:全不(可接of,谓语单复数均可)2. 复合不定代词(-body/-one/-thing)肯定含义 someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything否定/疑问 anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing用法要点: 作主语:谓语动词用单数。 Something is wrong with the machine.(机器出问题了。) 修饰语位置:形容词/不定式后置。 I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事告诉你。) no one vs. none: No one knows the answer.(指人,回答who提问) —How many students are there —None.(指数量,回答how many提问)3. 易混不定代词辨析 it/one/that:代词 指代内容 例句it 同名同物(特指) I bought a pen and it is black.(同一支笔)one 同名异物(泛指单数) I need a pen. Can you lend me one (任意一支笔)that 同类异物(特指单数或不可数) The hat is cheaper than that in the shop.(同类但不同一顶帽子) other/others/the other/the others/another:代词 范围 用法other 泛指 后接名词复数(=others),如other studentsothers 泛指 =other+名词复数,“其他的人/物”(无范围)the other 特指 两者中的另一个(one…the other…)the others 特指 =the other+名词复数,“剩余所有”(有范围)another 三者及以上 泛指“另一个”,后接单数名词或“数词+复数名词”例句: There are two pens. One is red, the other is blue.(两者中的另一个) I don’t like this shirt. Can you show me another (三者以上的另一个) Some students like music, others like sports.(泛指其他学生)三、高频考点突破(一)语法填空:代词的词性与逻辑指代解题步骤:1. 确定空格处需代词(如作主语、宾语、定语等)。2. 根据上下文逻辑判断指代对象(人/物、单数/复数、肯定/否定)。3. 注意固定搭配(如by oneself, enjoy oneself)。例题:1. Help yourself to some fish, Mary.(固定搭配help oneself to)2. That is easier said than done.(指代前文提到的事情)3. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.(两者中的另一个)(二)短文改错:代词的常见错误常见错误类型:1. 人称代词主格/宾格误用: 错:Me and Tom went to the park.对:Tom and I went to the park.(作主语用主格,且I放最后)2. 形容词性/名词性物主代词混淆: 错:This is mine book.对:This is my book.(修饰名词用形容词性物主代词)3. 不定代词误用: 错:I have few money left.对:I have little money left.(money不可数,用little) 错:Every of them likes the movie.对:Each of them likes the movie.(every不可接of,each可接of)例题: 错:The weather here is hotter than those in Beijing.改:The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(指代不可数名词weather用that)(三)完形填空:代词的语境辨析解题策略:1. 结合上下文,判断代词指代的是人还是物、单数还是复数。2. 注意并列结构中代词的一致性(如both/either/neither与前文的数量对应)。例题: 语境:I have two keys, but ______ works.选项:A. either B. neither C. both解析:由but表转折可知“两把钥匙都不工作”,用neither(两者都不),选B。(四)写作:代词的准确使用与避免歧义提升技巧:1. 明确代词指代对象,避免模糊(如用“the teacher”而非“he/she”重复前文)。2. 正确使用反身代词增强表达力度(如“Students themselves should take responsibility”)。3. 避免中文式代词冗余(如“我的妈妈她很善良”应改为“My mother is very kind”)。四、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, kids.2. ______ (this) books are mine, and ______ (those) are yours.3. I have a dog. ______ (it) name is Coco.4. ______ (either) of the two girls is from China.5. There is ______ (little) milk left, so we need to buy some.(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)1. Me and my friends went to the zoo yesterday. __________2. This is not her pen. Hers is in the desk. __________3. He has many friends, but no one of them is true. __________4. I don’t like these shoes. Can you show me another pair __________5. The weather in summer is hotter than it in spring. __________(三)写作提升用合适的代词完成句子:1. 我们应该学会照顾自己。We should learn to take care of ______.2. 这本书比我上周读的那本更有趣。This book is more interesting than ______ I read last week.3. 一些学生喜欢数学,另一些喜欢英语。Some students like math, and ______ like English.五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)(一)单句填空1. yourselves2. These; those3. Its4. Either5. little(二)短文改错1. Me→I(作主语用主格,且I放最后)2. 正确(Hers=Her pen,用法无误)3. no one→none(回答数量用none,可接of)4. another→other(shoes为复数,用other修饰)5. it→that(指代天气用that,避免重复)(三)写作提升1. ourselves2. the one/that3. others备考小贴士:1. 制作“代词分类表”,每日默写核心用法(如it/one/that的区别,复合不定代词的修饰语位置)。2. 针对易混代词(如few/little, either/neither),整理错题并分析错误原因。3. 写作中优先使用具体名词明确指代,减少代词歧义,确保逻辑清晰。21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览