资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台高考英语冠词复习学案一、复习目标1. 精准掌握不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词的核心用法。2. 突破易混场景(如专有名词、抽象名词前的冠词选择)。3. 熟练应对语法填空、短文改错、完形填空和写作中冠词的高频考点。二、核心知识梳理(一)不定冠词(a/an)用法:表示“一(个/类)”,泛指或首次提及。区别 a + 辅音音素开头的单词 an + 元音音素开头的单词例词 a book, a university(university以辅音/j/开头) an apple, an hour(hour以元音/a /开头,h不发音)高频考点:1. 表示类别: A horse is a useful animal.(=The horse/ Horses,泛指马这类动物)2. 固定搭配: a few/little(一点), a lot of(许多), in a hurry(匆忙), have a cold(感冒)3. “a+序数词”表“又一,再一”: Can I try a second time (再试一次)(二)定冠词(the)用法:表示“特指”,指已知的人、物、地点或类别。高频考点:1. 特指上文提到的事物: I bought a pen. The pen is black.(特指前文提到的钢笔)2. 用于专有名词前: 江河湖海/山脉/群岛:the Yangtze River(长江), the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉) 普通名词构成的专有名词:the Great Wall(长城), the United States(美国) 乐器:play the piano(弹钢琴), play the guitar(弹吉他)3. 形容词最高级、序数词前: the tallest building(最高的建筑), the first lesson(第一课)4. 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”: The Smiths are my neighbors.(史密斯一家)5. 固定搭配: in the morning/afternoon/evening, on the way to, by the way(顺便说)(三)零冠词(不填冠词)用法:表示泛指、抽象概念或专有名词。高频考点:1. 不可数名词/复数名词表泛指: Water is important.(水是重要的,泛指) Children like playing games.(孩子们喜欢玩游戏,泛指)2. 专有名词(人名、地名、国家名等): Tom(人名), Beijing(地名), China(国家名)3. 学科、球类、三餐名词前: study maths(学数学), play basketball(打篮球), have breakfast(吃早餐)4. 季节、月份、星期前: in spring(在春天), in July(在七月), on Monday(在周一)5. 固定搭配: at home(在家), go to school(去上学), by bus(乘公交), in fact(事实上)三、高频考点突破(一)语法填空:冠词的判断逻辑解题步骤:1. 判断名词是否可数: 可数名词单数前需加a/an/the,复数/不可数名词表泛指时用零冠词。2. 分析语境是否特指: 特指用the,泛指用a/an(元音音素用an)。3. 记忆固定搭配: 如play the violin(加the),play football(不加the)。例题:1. She is a university student.(university以辅音/j/开头,用a)2. The earth goes around the sun.(特指地球,用the)3. We like playing chess after school.(棋类运动前用零冠词)(二)短文改错:冠词的常见错误常见错误类型:1. 可数名词单数前漏加冠词: 错:I have book.对:I have a book.(单数可数名词前需加a/an/the)2. 定冠词与不定冠词混淆: 错:I want to be the engineer.对:I want to be an engineer.(表泛指“一名工程师”,用an)3. 专有名词/抽象名词误加冠词: 错:I like the music.对:I like music.(music表泛指,用零冠词) 错:The Tom is my friend.对:Tom is my friend.(人名前用零冠词)例题: 错:He plays the basketball every day.改:He plays basketball every day.(球类运动前用零冠词)(三)完形填空:冠词的语境辨析解题策略:1. 结合上下文判断名词是否为首次提及(用a/an)或再次提及(用the)。2. 注意固定短语中冠词的搭配(如in the future, at a loss)。例题: 语境:______ sun rises in ______ east.选项:A. The; the B. A; an C. The; /解析:太阳是独一无二的事物,用the;in the east为固定搭配,选A。(四)写作:冠词的准确使用与避免冗余提升技巧:1. 首次提及可数名词单数时用a/an,再次提及用the。 原句:I saw dog. Dog was black.改:I saw a dog. The dog was black.2. 避免中文思维导致的冠词冗余(如“在公园里”是in the park,而非in park)。3. 熟记高频固定搭配,如: 正确:go to bed(上床睡觉) 错误:go to the bed(走向床边,非泛指睡觉)四、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. ______ girl over there is my sister.2. He is ______ honest boy, so we all like him.3. Let’s have ______ breakfast before going to school.4. She plays ______ piano very well.5. ______ Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)1. I have a apple and two bananas. __________2. The China is a great country. __________3. He goes to school by the bike every day. __________4. I like the music that she plays. __________5. This is an useful book for students. __________(三)写作提升用正确的冠词完成句子:1. 她是一名护士,在一家医院工作。She is ______ nurse and works in ______ hospital.2. 月亮在夜晚看起来很美。______ moon looks beautiful at night.3. 我们每周五下午打篮球。We play ______ basketball every Friday afternoon.五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)(一)单句填空1. The(特指那边的女孩)2. an(honest以元音/ /开头)3. /(三餐前用零冠词)4. the(乐器前加the)5. The(普通名词构成的专有名词前加the)(二)短文改错1. a→an(apple以元音/ /开头)2. 去掉The(国家名前用零冠词)3. 去掉the(by+交通工具用零冠词)4. 去掉the(music表泛指,用零冠词)5. an→a(useful以辅音/j/开头)(三)写作提升1. a; a(首次提及“护士”“医院”,表泛指)2. The(独一无二的事物前加the)3. /(球类运动前用零冠词)备考小贴士:1. 制作“冠词用法对比表”,重点标注易混场景(如a/an的发音判断、the的特指用法)。2. 整理高频固定搭配(如in the morning, play the guitar),每日朗读强化记忆。3. 写作中完成初稿后,通读检查名词前冠词是否遗漏或误用,尤其注意可数名词单数。21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览