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专题05 阅读理解（议论文）15篇 【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （新高考专用）
（2025·江苏南通·二模）In my last recent job, I taught academic writing to doctoral students at a technical college. My graduate students, many of whom were computer scientists, understood the mechanisms of generative AI better than I do. They recognized large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT as unreliable research tools. They knew that models are trained on existing data and therefore cannot produce novel research. However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles.
As an experienced teacher, I reminded students that ChatGPT may change the meaning of a text when asked to revise, that it can produce biased and inaccurate information, that it does not generate stylistically strong writing and, for those grade-oriented students, that it does not result in A-level work. It did not matter. The students still used it.
Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift (叉车) into the weight room.
Generative AI is, in some ways, a democratizing (民主化的) tool. Many of my students were non-native speakers of English. Their writing frequently contained grammatical errors. Generative AI is effective at correcting grammar. However, the technology often changes vocabulary and changes meaning even when the only prompt is “fix the grammar.” As a result, I found myself spending many hours grading writing that I knew was generated by AI. That is, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students. So I quit.
The best educators will adapt to AI. Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and know what is writing. However, those lessons require that students be willing to leave their comfort zone. Students must learn to move forward with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity. With few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing.
1．What’s the problem with the writer’s students
A．Unfamiliarity with LLMs.
B．Heavy dependence on ChatGPT.
C．Failure to use existing novel research.
D．Unawareness of the technology drawbacks.
2．What does the underlined sentence mean
A．The students should refuse to use ChatGPT.
B．The students can use a forklift to improve their writing.
C．The students balance the development of body and mind.
D．The students will never improve their cognitive fitness that way.
3．What do we know about the author’s experience with grading AI-generated writing
A．The author enjoyed it as it was error-free.
B．The author found it a quick and easy task.
C．The author spent more time responding to AI.
D．The author preferred it over students’ original work.
4．What is a best solution according to the writer
A．Students learn to push through the discomfort.
B．Educators find ways to adapt to the technology.
C．Teachers move away from mechanical activities.
D．Students regain their faith in the technology change.
（2025·江苏·模拟预测）According to a recent article I read in Wall Street Journal, the number of students registered in community colleges or technical schools rose 16% last year to its highest level since the National Student Clearinghouse began tracking such data in 2018. The number of students studying construction trades rose 23% during that time, while those in programs covering air-conditioner and vehicle maintenance and repair increased 7%.
So why so many young people are replacing a university education with these technical skills I blame it on us, the parents. We’re the ones who have been overpaying for our kids’ education. Almost 10 years ago, I sent my three kids to overpriced schools even though I knew that the education they were receiving did little to prepare them for their real-world job responsibilities. But how could I tell my friends and neighbors in our middle-class community that my children would be attending a community college or a technical school I know many people who felt the same way.
The good news is that some parents — and their kids — are learning. “To be honest, it took me a little bit mentally to get on board,” one mother, who studied drama and art (imagine what that cost!), admitted in the article. “I was once worried that my friends might think that we couldn’t afford a college or say our kids weren’t smart enough!”
The change also benefits the younger generation. Although physically demanding, these still-focused jobs start early and also end earlier in the day. The work is varied and challenging. The demand for these workers is high. And if they have a desire to start their own business, the barrier to entry is low and the probability of success is relatively higher.
The new trend also presents a great recruiting opportunity for companies. Many of them are offering summer jobs and other opportunities to give students a taste of the work and a vision of the future.
5．How might the author now feel about sending his children to universities
A．Regretful. B．Proud. C．Ashamed. D．Embarrassed.
6．Which is closest in meaning to “get on board” in paragraph 3
A．Accept. B．Struggle. C．Learn. D．Leave.
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Varieties of low-skill work. B．Benefits of technical jobs.
C．Shortage of skilled workers. D．Challenges for skill-focused education.
8．Which of the following can describe the companies’ reaction to the new trend
A．Cautious. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Critical.
（2025·浙江嘉兴·二模）The 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant lived very firmly in a world of time. He was so strict about routine that his fellow citizens of Kocnigsberg could set their watches by his afternoon walk. However, in his philosophical work, Kant was doubtful about time. He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beyond our minds, there is no time. It’s simply a “category” of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience.
The flexibility of our time perception (感知) supports Kant’s doubt. We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations. For example, it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places, or when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we’re absorbed, such as when we play music or paint.
Our perception of time can change in a dramatic way. Perhaps, at least once in your life, you’ve had what is called a “Time Expansion Experience (TEE),” when seconds have stretched out into minutes. TEEs happen most frequently in accidents where perception becomes more intense than normal and thus people notice more details.
In accident situations, people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act. In fact, many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury, or even death. For example, a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said, “For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us.”
All of this suggests that Kant was right. Perhaps the reason why time is variable is because it doesn’t really exist—at least, outside our minds. There is no objective time out there in the universe. What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) through our minds, and so varies according to our state of mind.
9．Which of the following would Immanuel Kant approve of
A．Time is a basic quality of the world.
B．Time is a record of human experience.
C．Time is a situation measured by daily routine.
D．Time is a mental concept generated by humans.
10．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Time progresses at a constant speed.
B．Full attention affects people’s sense of time.
C．Time perception varies depending on context.
D．People feel time slows down on special occasions.
11．What do people think of TEEs in accidents
A．Inspiring. B．Beneficial. C．Temporary. D．Painful.
12．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The Secret of Time: A State of Mind
B．Time Expansion: Real or Imaginary
C．Time Perception: A Philosophical Exploration
D．The Clockwork of the Mind: How to Measure Time
（2025·安徽黄山·二模）Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you’re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green. Go to a grocery store and you’ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero (净零排放). Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case. Painting a rosy picture of going green won’t actually work.
This is why the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net-zero promises — which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. The Secretary-General is clear: “We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.”
But why is greenwashing so bad In part because the risks are so high. It’s not just false advertising: fake net zero claims drive up the cost that ultimately everyone will have to pay in order to stop climate change. Greenwashing also fuels public disbelief about climate issues and damages one of the few mechanisms we have to coordinate (协调) global action.
To restore honesty to net zero commitment, the Secretary-General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards, definitions and criteria surrounding them. The report, called “Integrity Matters”, sets out what it means to make a net zero promise. Once in effect, the criteria clarify what does and doesn’t count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying. This means that we can know the company’s overall emissions are going down instead of buying cheap low quality credit in a short period of time.
We also want companies to publicly and transparently disclose real progress they are or aren’t making to reduce their emissions. Work is underway to develop a credible, comprehensive public online database that we can check to see the progress a company is or isn’t making to reduce its emission.
Today, we need a series of interconnected and dynamic moves for net zero goals. As Canada’s Minster of Environment and Climate Change, I saw the power of business, financial institutions, cities and regions to help accelerate positive change.
13．Why does the author list net zero claims in paragraph 1
A．To advertise green products. B．To present a phenomenon.
C．To propose a suggestion. D．To criticize net zero.
14．Which of the following can best describe greenwashing
A．It advocates maintaining a positive lifestyle by walking.
B．It is devoted to developing sustainable and green products.
C．It dampens public enthusiasm for buying high quality goods.
D．It is an act to offer misleading claims about cutting emissions.
15．What can we learn about Integrity Matters from the text
A．It can offer specific guidelines on environmental promise.
B．It forces companies to declare their progress in going green.
C．It has addressed public’s concerns over net zero promise.
D．It may disqualify consumers to buy green products.
16．What might the author continue talking about
A．Examples of combined green efforts. B．Benefits of ensuring a sustainable planet.
C．Rewards for genuine green action. D．Great influences of Integrity Matters.
（2025·安徽蚌埠·二模）Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures.
Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge In Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, local officials believe so. That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water, climb, sword-fight with sticks, wrestle and fall.
“The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.”
Taking risks is children’s nature. Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand. Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools.
“Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.”
While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds, it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play. That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17-second rule. So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast, take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do.
“This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play.
17．What are the current playgrounds like
A．They are challenging for kids. B．They are basically free of risks.
C．They are full of funny elements. D．They are tailored to risk-takers’ nature.
18．Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play
A．To motivate children to become more active.
B．To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe.
C．To train potential champions in the sports field.
D．To inspire children to invent smarter devices.
19．What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5
A．Requirements for tackling risks. B．Features of predictable risks.
C．Ways to engage in risky play. D．Benefits risky play can bring.
20．What does Brussoni advise parents to do
A．Stop observing their adventurous kids. B．Act as a role model for less brave kids.
C．Allow their kids to explore their potential. D．Prevent their kids from doing risky sports.
（2025·安徽滁州·一模）The twelve new restaurants added to the New York Michelin Guide this month will be casting their success. Being included in the handbook is the first step towards receiving a Michelin star, the most desirable award in the cuisine industry. Yet according to a study recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, restaurants might be better off remaining starless.
Daniel Sands of University College London’s school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 – 2014 and won the honor of being included in the guide. He found that, of this promising group, restaurants which went on to get a Michelin star were more likely to close down in the years that followed than those which did not. The relationship remained even when factors such as location, price and type of cuisine were taken into account. All considered, 40% of restaurants awarded Michelin stars in 2005 – 2014 had closed by the end of 2019.
A Michelin star boosts publicity: the study found that Google search rose by over a third for newly-starred restaurants. But that fame comes at a price. First, Mr. Sands argues, the restaurants’ customers change. Being the focus of public attention raises diners’ expectations and brings in tourists from farther away. Meeting guests’ greater demands adds to new costs. Second, businesses the restaurants deal with, such as ingredient suppliers and landlords, use the opportunity to charge more.
Food is not the only industry where awards are a mixed blessing. Several studies have shown that companies run by award-winning bosses underachieve relative both to their previous performance and to their opponents. In publishing, too, awards bring disaster. Prize-winning books are reviewed more severely than before their success, and worse than runners-up.
For restaurants that are in the industry for the glory, Michelin’s top award will probably remain too inviting not to pursue. But for those simply wanting to stay in business, it may be safer to not quite meet the criterion.
21．What can be learned about winning a Michelin star from paragraph 1
A．It does not necessarily benefit winners.
B．It has not been fully appreciated.
C．It leads to being included in the guide.
D．It is a huge success worth celebrating.
22．What is true about the restaurants researched by Daniel
A．40% of them suffered close down by the end of 2019.
B．They have been in business for at least two decades.
C．All of them were New York-based establishments.
D．Some went out of business due to the unfavorable location.
23．What does the author intend to show by mentioning prize-winning books
A．Critics review them unfairly.
B．Runners-up are better written.
C．Competition in publishing is fierce.
D．Fame seldom comes without a price.
24．What’s the author’s suggestion for restaurants
A．Pursue the top award at all costs.
B．Be aware of the potential danger.
C．Decide based on their own needs.
D．Follow suit in the cuisine business.
（2025·福建漳州·三模）Old buildings tend to be regarded as throwaways and suitable for being torn down. Most people have not fully realized the “green” values that are linked with the upkeep of existing buildings. Actually, in fact, keeping and making use of old architectures is one of the most environmentally-sound things we can do—more than the construction of any new structures that claims to be “green”.
Aged communities, which have developed and changed organically over an extended period, possess unique cultures of their own. The buildings within them are irreplaceable to the environment. Opting not to sustain such architectures essentially is like sentencing a special community to disappearance. Building “green” can be about preserving time-honored, local building traditions that respect regional cultures, rather than just using the latest and greatest technologies.
The building materials and craftsmanship (工艺) are also entitled to respect, not simply due to the environmental cost of the extraction (开采), transportation and production of them, but on account of the reality that some of such materials and the craftsmanship related will no longer exist. My little river cottage in West Virginia, which is constructed with chestnut sourced from the period prior to the die-off of the chestnut trees, is such that the material in question may never again be obtained. However, the prospective purchaser planned to tear it down, which, in my view, is not only a mark of disrespect for the material but also goes against the concept of sustainable development.
As the Preservation Green Lab report demonstrates, it takes 10 to 80 years for a new building that is 30 percent more efficient than an average-performing existing building to overcome the negative climate change consequences linked to the construction, which emphasizes the necessity of ongoing utilization (使用) of pre-existing buildings and communities, effectively preventing or minimizing the utilization of forests, farms, wildlife habitats, and open areas for novel construction undertakings.
As Carl Elefante of Quinn-Evans Architects brilliantly said, “The greenest building is one that is already built.” Hopefully, the public will come to a uniform opinion that buildings currently existing are worthy of more care and attention.
25．How do most people deal with old buildings
A．They treat them lightly. B．They treasure them heartily.
C．They explore them fully. D．They restore them actively.
26．Why does the author mention his little river cottage in Paragraph 3
A．To explain the complexity of building houses.
B．To demonstrate the shortage of building materials.
C．To display the attachment to the old constructions.
D．To highlight the virtue of keeping old constructions.
27．What do the data in Paragraph 4 imply about old buildings
A．They are more efficient than the new buildings.
B．They can help avoid more environmental pollution.
C．They can clear away the bad effects on farms nearby.
D．They consumed less energy in the construction process.
28．What is the text mainly about
A．Culture values lie in green buildings.
B．Old buildings are environment-friendly.
C．Old constructions should be given priority.
D．Building craftsmanship should be respected.
（2025·福建莆田·二模）The debate over government intervention in markets remains central to economic philosophy. While free-market advocates argue that unregulated systems maximize efficiency through competition and innovation, critics emphasize that markets often fail to address societal needs, necessitating strategic intervention. A balanced approach — where government acts as a corrective force — is essential to ensure fairness and sustainability.
Proponents of laissez-faire capitalism, following Adam Smith’s “invisible hand,” contend that markets self-regulate to allocate resources optimally. For example, industries like tech and renewable energy thrive without heavy regulation, driven by consumer demand. Free markets also reduce bureaucratic inefficiencies, allowing rapid adaptation to trends. However, this perspective overlooks critical flaws.
Unregulated markets frequently fail to account for externalities and public goods. Pollution from factories, a negative externality, imposes health costs on communities, while private entities cannot profitably provide public goods like clean air or infrastructure. The 2008 financial crisis exemplified this: deregulation enabled risky practices, leading to a global collapse that required government bailouts. Additionally, markets often exacerbate inequality, concentrating wealth and limiting social mobility.
Critics of intervention warn against overreach, citing stifled innovation and reduced personal responsibility. Excessive regulation in sectors like healthcare or energy can deter investment and slow progress. However, targeted policies — such as carbon taxes to address climate change or progressive taxation to redistribute wealth — can mitigate harm without suffocating markets.
In conclusion, government intervention is not inherently good or bad; its necessity depends on context. While free markets foster growth, they require oversight to prevent exploitation and ensure equitable outcomes. The goal is a symbiotic relationship where markets drive innovation, and governments safeguard public welfare, creating a system that benefits society as a whole.
29．What is the central argument of the passage
A．Free markets are inherently superior to government intervention.
B．Government intervention is always necessary to correct market failures.
C．A balanced approach between markets and government is needed.
D．The 2008 financial crisis proves markets cannot self-regulate.
30．According to free-market advocates, which example demonstrates market efficiency
A．Healthcare sectors with strict regulations.
B．Renewable energy growth driven by consumer demand.
C．Infrastructure development funded by taxes.
D．Government bailouts during financial crises.
31．What does the author imply about the 2008 financial crisis
A．It showed the necessity of laissez-faire capitalism.
B．Deregulation led to systemic risks requiring government action.
C．Markets effectively corrected themselves without intervention.
D．Excessive regulation caused the collapse of financial institutions.
32．The phrase “symbiotic relationship” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．A competitive struggle between markets and governments.
B．A mutually beneficial partnership between markets and governments.
C．A hierarchical structure where government controls markets.
D．A passive coexistence without significant interaction.
（2025·福建龙岩·一模）Winston Churchill once said, “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” It’s one of countless platitudes claiming that failure leads to success. But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences, researchers said in a new report.
In fact, many people do not learn from their failures, and it’s stupid to expect otherwise, according to findings published June 10 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
“People often confuse what is with what ought to be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University, said in a news release. “People ought to pay attention and learn from failure, but often they don’t because failure is demotivating and self-threatening.”
A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure, and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences: People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses, lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. Nurses tended to overestimate how much colleagues would learn from a past error. People assumed that heart patients would embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many don’t.
“People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does,” Eskreis-Winkler said. “People usually assume that past behavior predicts future behavior, so it’s surprising that we often believe the opposite when it comes to succeeding after failure.”
Telling people they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain of a failure, but that way of thinking won’t naturally turn into people learning a lesson, researchers said. On the other hand, people can adjust their expectations of others when given more information about how little failure actually brings good results. Experiments found people were more in favor of taxpayer money being used for recovery and drug treatment programs when they learned about the low rates of success for people using those programs.
“Correcting our wrong beliefs about failure could help move taxpayer dollars from punishment to recovery and improvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
33．What does the underlined word “platitudes” in Paragrah1 probably mean
A．Worn-out sayings. B．Confirmed principles. C．Convincing examples. D．Common statements.
34．What will assuming success after failure bring about
A．Higher success rate. B．No repetition of mistakes.
C．Varied negative emotions. D．Overoptimism about results.
35．Which of the following cases will the author approve of
A．Being passive about an intense relationship.
B．Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.
C．Convincing the students a test failure is unimportant.
D．Expecting employees to learn more from work failure.
36．What would be the best title of the text
A．Braving Failures For Success B．Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C．Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated D．Success Goes Hand In Hand With Failure
（2025·福建莆田·二模）Many people think that arguing is simply stating their prejudices in a new form. This is why many people also think that arguments are unpleasant and pointless. One dictionary definition for “argument” is “disagreement”. But it is not what arguments really are. An argument is not simply a statement of certain views or a disagreement. Arguments are efforts to support certain views with reasons.
Arguments in this sense are not pointless; in fact, they are essential, because they help to find out which views are better than others. Not all views are equal. Some conclusions can be supported by good reasons. Others have much weaker support. But often we don’t know which are which. We need to give arguments for different conclusions and then assess those arguments to see how strong they really are.
Here argument is a means of inquiry. Some philosophers have argued, for instance, that the factory farming of animals for meat causes great suffering to animals and is therefore immoral. Are they right We can’t necessarily tell just by consulting our current opinions. Many issues are involved — we need to examine the arguments. Do we have moral responsibility for other species, or is only human suffering really bad How well can humans live without meat Some vegetarians have lived to very old ages. Does this show that vegetarian diets are healthier Or is it irrelevant when you consider that some non-vegetarians also have lived to very old ages 2. All these questions need to be considered carefully, and the answers are not clear in advance.
Argument is essential for another reason too. Once we have arrived at a conclusion well supported by reasons, we use arguments to explain and defend it. A good argument doesn’t merely repeat conclusions. Instead, it offers reasons and evidence so that other people can make up their minds for themselves. If you become convinced that we should indeed change the way we raise and use animals, for example, you must use arguments to explain how you arrived at your conclusion. That is how you will convince others: by offering the reasons and evidence that convinced you. It is not a mistake to have strong views. The mistake is to have nothing else.
37．What is “argument” according to the author
A．Debating with others. B．Sticking to a belief.
C．Reaching an agreement. D．Backing up a conclusion.
38．Why are arguments essential
A．They can weigh up opinions. B．They can tell right from wrong.
C．They can change people’s minds. D．They can explain complex concepts.
39．How does the writer support his opinion in paragraph 3
A．By stating solid faces. B．By giving a clear definition.
C．By reasoning with an example. D．By exploring with questions.
40．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Holding a firm stand counts. B．Facts speak louder than opinions.
C．Demonstration empowers argument. D．A good conclusion deserves repeating.
（2025·山东济南·二模）Wastewater and seawater have long been considered as potential sources from which to produce freshwater. Several technologies have been developed over the past few decades aimed at their reuse and recycle, but unfortunately the treatment of both sources may have perfidious (背弃信义的) effects.
Of the approaches presently available, desalination seems to have the greatest potential, given that seawater is a nearly unlimited resource. However, desalination (海水淡化) is an energy-intensive process. The state-of-the-art technology, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) (海水反渗透) , has undergone huge improvements over the past five decades: the specific energy consumption of SWRO was reduced from20kWhm-3 in 1970 to only 2.5kWhm-3 in 2010. It has been estimated that a further 0.69-0.79kWhm-3might be saved by a smart process integration with intrinsic heat recovery, but desalination of typical seawater (with an average salt concentration of 35gl-1) requires a minimum of 1.07 kWh m-3, offering only a little room for improvement.
This limit is the foundation of the water-energy nexus (联系) and prompts further research on renewable energy sources for desalination, which remain scarce. In a case study, Delgado-Torres and co-workers used tidal and solar energy for desalination at a semi-arid (半干旱的) location in Broome, Australia. Similar studies focus on desalination driven by wind energy, photovoltaics (光伏发电) or solar thermal energy. Although such approaches to water desalination may be viable to supply clean water in small or spatially confined communities— as was demonstrated in the island of Aruba — they offer very little for the water challenges of large cities such as Beijing, Cairo or Cape Town.
In a cost-benefit analysis, wastewater recycling is more favorable than seawater desalination, because the former does not require the expensive separation of salts from water. This may seem surprising given that reverse osmosis (渗透) the key technology in both cases. The difference is that wastewater recycling would operate at much lower pressure. Such recycling has been practiced for more than half a century in Windhoek, Namibia, and is accepted practice in water-scarce places such as Singapore.
Southern California is presently implementing a large-scale scheme to use recycled water as a potable source and other countries and locations will surely follow. This trend pushes researchers to develop fouling-resistant, high-flux membranes for reverse osmosis and related membrane processes such as nano-or ultrafiltration (超滤作用). However, new challenges also arise. The production of(polymer) membranes for purification typically requires the use of polar aprotic solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF). These solvents have a considerable environmental impact and significant effort is invested in their replacement with ‘greener’ solvents such as organic carbonates or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Another limitation for present membrane technologies lies in the availability, processing and scale-up of materials for their manufacture. For example, two 2006reports describe how incorporating carbon nanotubes (纳米管) into membranes affords permeabilities one to two orders of magnitude larger than those of conventional membranes.
However, scaling up the synthesis of such membranes was not expected to be easy — and, indeed, it has, so far, not happened. Since these reports emerged, there have been numerous studies on mixed-matrix membranes combining other nanostructures with polymeric matrices but, thus far, none has yet been applied on a large scale. Typically, good results are obtained in the laboratory, but the cost of producing the required nanostructures or issues associated with toxicity or leaching of nanoparticles from membranes have proven prohibitive for industrial use. Researchers need to place greater focus on the development of realistic membranes rather than just better membranes.
Closing the water cycle by either desalination or wastewater purification promises to provide virtually unlimited volumes of freshwater: in principle, it would enable an increase in water consumption by a factor equal to the inverse of the recycled fraction. However, we must be cognizant of unintended consequences. Water availability is one of the limiting factors for population growth and greater availability would certainly stimulate population growth.
History has shown that humankind naturally makes use of available resources, sometimes with dramatic consequences, as exemplified by the agricultural and industrial revolutions. A historical, sociological and demographic analysis by Harari shows that if water recycling is practised on a large scale, water consumption per capita may remain the same but our population will grow by the inverse of the recycled fraction. This would then automatically lead to new challenges.
A disenchanting example is the present SARS-CoV-2 virus: the scale of the outbreak would have been much more contained in a modest, local society without overpopulation. Water technologies may catalyse global growth more than any other technology because water is one of very few commodities that humankind cannot do without. This is of course not the case for industrialized countries, where water is not a limiting factor, but in most parts of the world it is.
Harari was criticized for being unfamiliar with technologies, and, while this may be a fair criticism, warnings from other disciplines should not be summarily dismissed by technology developers.
41．What constrains the further reduction of specific energy consumption in SWRO
A．Technological barriers in energy recovery systems.
B．Thermodynamic minimum energy due to osmotic pressure.
C．Limitations in materials science for membrane efficiency.
D．Regulatory hurdles for desalination energy innovation.
42．What is a key factor that makes wastewater recycling more favorable than seawater desalination in a cost-benefit analysis
A．Membrane fouling resistance is inherently higher in wastewater recycling.
B．The absence of salt in wastewater simplifies the purification process.
C．The need for lower operational pressure in wastewater recycling systems.
D．The ready availability of green solvents for membrane production in recycling.
43．What are the main challenges in scaling up advanced membrane technologies for water treatment
A．The high cost and environmental impact of using polar aprotic solvents in membrane production.
B．The difficulty in developing fouling-resistant, high-flux membranes for reverse osmosis.
C．The limited availability and scalability of materials like carbon nanotubes for membrane synthesis.
D．The challenges in integrating mixed-matrix membranes with existing water treatment systems.
44．What is the author’s perspective on the impact of desalination and wastewater purification on population growth
A．Desalination and wastewater purification may alleviate water constraints on population growth, but not without potential unintended societal and environmental consequences.
B．The widespread adoption of water recycling technologies will invariably lead to a proportional increase in global population size, as per capita water consumption remains constant.
C．Technological advancements in water treatment are expected to significantly curtail, if not eliminate, the adverse effects associated with increased freshwater availability.
D．An abundant freshwater supply resulting from desalination and wastewater purification efforts may contribute to the containment of future viral outbreaks by mitigating the impacts of overpopulation.
（2025·山东济南·一模）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare（噩梦）. But it should not be exactly far-fetched.
Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.
While these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undeniably transformed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation. Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp decline in spacial memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort.
That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better outcomes. Research shows that mild stress can enhance adaptability. Neuroscience（神经科学） reveals that neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to form new connections—is enhanced through challenging experiences. This adaptability is crucial for developing resilience, （抗逆力）, a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort.
But this doesn't mean we should reject comfort entirely; it's to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “microdosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we've buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck Choosing discomfort isn't easy, but sometimes, it's worth it.
45．What does the underlined word “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Possible to change. B．Certain to function.
C．Unlikely to be settled. D．Unable to be accepted.
46．What may digital conveniences cause according to the text
A．The fast but worthless relief. B．The meaningful engagement.
C．The loss of thinking capacity. D．The lack of necessary comfort.
47．Which is a real-life application of “microdosing hardship”
A．Taking the stairs instead of the lift. B．Ordering take-out food after work.
C．Exploring a new city by using GPS. D．Writing an email using voice-to-text.
48．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．GPS: the invisible cost of convenience B．Stress: the main cause of brain damage
C．Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience D．Smartphones: barriers to human progress
（2025·山东青岛·一模）“Shhh!” This is the demand that eco-acoustics (生态声学) researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity. The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet. Sueur explores the impact of the ever-present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence.
Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species. Sueur’s point is this: silence is a crucial resource, like food or water, which species compete for to survive. “Making sound is important,” he writes. But humans need to “make sure we are not more alive than others”.
When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes.
Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature. Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all-around solutions that involve local and indigenous (本土) communities.
To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence.
49．What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume
A．Species use sounds to communicate. B．Each species has a unique sound range.
C．Species compete for sound resources. D．Making sound is the key to survival.
50．Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To show the destruction caused by the pandemic.
B．To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem.
C．To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D．To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns.
51．What does the underlined word “thwarted” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Enlightened. B．Transformed. C．Misled. D．Discouraged.
52．What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph
A．It is written in an objective tone. B．It serves its writing purpose well.
C．It fails to relate to certain readers. D．It conveys rather shallow ideas.
（2025·湖北·二模）Since the dawn of human history, innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (同时) causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. Yet through all these advancements, one constant has remained: human cognition (认知) , the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress.
But today, something is different. For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities; we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think, create, and innovate. This shift doesn’t just completely change industries, but it also challenges the core of what makes us human.
In past innovations, technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities. The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. These tools were clearly under human control, operating within the boundaries we set.
However, AI is fundamentally different. It operates in the range of cognition, not merely conducting tasks, but also learning, reasoning, and even generating creative content. From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases, AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed
Historically, we’ve accepted obsolescence (过时) as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations, embraced it. Outdated tools should be abandoned, and new ones take their place. But when the “tool” at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself, we enter unknown area. AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations.
53．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Take things as they come.
C．Don’t put the cart before the horse. D．Every coin has two sides.
54．What does the author mean by saying “But today, something is different” in paragraph 2
A．Human cognition starts to be outdated. B．Wonder and fear have lost balance.
C．Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D．Creativity has shaped our progress.
55．How is the main idea presented in the text
A．By telling stories. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By applying inferences.
56．What is the author’s attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence
A．Concerned. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
（2025·湖北·二模）When someone proposes a false claim, what’s the best way to change their mind A recent paper suggests that immediately negating the claim with evidence isn’t especially effective. Instead, “bypassing” the false claim with positive counter(反)-claims about the topic might be a better strategy.
The classic response to someone presenting misinformation is to present counter-evidence. As the researchers at the Annenberg Public Policy Center (APPC) put it, “The gold standard for tackling misinformation is usually a correction that actually contradicts the misinformation.” Suppose, for example, that your dad passes back the roast potatoes over a family dinner, saying, “Are these GMOs (转基因产品) Nah, don’t want any more physical reactions.” You might then say, “Actually, the health bodies of all the G7 agree that GMOs do not cause reactions.” But that likely won’t work. The APPC team conducted six experiments where they compared actually correcting someone with “bypassing” and found that using evidence and facts to disprove someone tends to be far less successful at changing attitudes.
So, what is bypassing and why is it seemingly more effective Bypassing is where, instead of providing some negative disapproval of a claim, you instead provide positive counter-claims about the topic. For example, if someone tells you that 5G kills birds, tell them that 5G adds billions to the world economy. Bypassing means not meeting your misinformed opponent head-on. This is not a battle of arguments or the studies. You are pushing an argument into a different position. It’s using someone’s movements and logic against them.
There are limitations to what the team at APPC has concluded. Their study into bypassing was largely about attitudes to policies, not about belief change or belief correction. Someone might still believe that 5G kills birds or that GMOs cause reactions, but admit that those are necessary bad things, compared to the positive outcomes you present them with.
So, bypassing isn’t the only tool available, and it might not even be the best if your concern is belief change. Changing someone’s belief is a complicated psychological topic, and there is definitely no one-size-fits-all strategy. When it comes to policy decisions and willingness to accept a certain technology or medicine, bypassing seems like a valuable tool to add to your kit.
57．According to the APPC research, how does “bypassing” differ from traditional corrections
A．It uses stronger evidence. B．It adopts emotional appeals.
C．It offers positive arguments. D．It focuses on unrelated topics.
58．Which can be used as an example of “bypassing”
A．GMOs are safe to eat because scientists say so.
B．GMOs can produce higher output with less cost.
C．5G kill birds, but their benefits outweigh the risks.
D．5G doesn’t kill birds, for they show no connection.
59．What do we know about the “bypassing” tool according to the text
A．It is the most reliable way. B．It may help accept policies.
C．It appears frequently in debates. D．It is effective in belief correction.
60．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Bypassing: A Better Way to Shift Attitudes
B．Changing one’s Mind: Bypass Indirectly!
C．Challenging Misinformation: Bypass it!
D．Negating the claim: does it work
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《专题05 阅读理解（议论文）15篇 【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （新高考专用）》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D C A A A B C D C
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 B A B D A A B A D C
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 A C D C A D B C C B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 B B D D B C D A C C
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 B C C A D C A C B C
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 D C D A C A C B B A
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者在教学过程中观察到的学生使用生成式人工智能进行学术写作的现象展开，表达了作者对这一现象的担忧和批评。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, that knowledge did not stop my students from relying heavily on generative AI. Several students admitted to drafting their research in note form and asking ChatGPT to write their articles.(然而，这种认知并没能阻止我的学生们严重依赖生成式人工智能。有几个学生承认，他们先以笔记的形式起草研究内容，然后让ChatGPT来撰写他们的文章。)”可知，学生们虽然知道像ChatGPT这样的生成式人工智能存在问题，但这并不能阻止他们严重依赖生成式人工智能，甚至有学生让ChatGPT来写文章。故选B。
2．句意猜测题。根据划线句子上文以及所在句“Students who outsource their writing to AI lose an opportunity to think more deeply about their research. Using ChatGPT to complete assignments is bringing a forklift (叉车) into the weight room.(把写作任务外包给人工智能的学生们失去了一个更深入思考自己研究内容的机会。用ChatGPT来完成作业就好比把叉车开进了健身房)”可推测，把使用ChatGPT完成作业比作把叉车开进健身房，健身房是锻炼提升的地方，而叉车对于在健身房锻炼没有帮助，反而破坏了锻炼的意义。这里是说使用ChatGPT完成作业就如同这样，学生不能通过这种方式提升自己的能力，因为他们没有真正地去思考和锻炼自己的思维，就像在健身房里用叉车而不是进行正常的锻炼一样，达不到提升的目的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As a result, I found myself spending many hours grading writing that I knew was generated by AI. That is, I found myself spending more time giving feedback to AI than to my students.(结果，我发现自己花了很多时间批改那些我知道是由人工智能生成的作文。也就是说，我发现自己花在给人工智能反馈上的时间比给学生反馈的时间还要多。)”可知，作者发现自己花了更多的时间用来对人工智能进行反馈。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The best educators will adapt to AI. Teachers will find ways to encourage students to think critically and know what is writing. However, those lessons require that students be willing to leave their comfort zone. Students must learn to move forward with faith in their own cognitive abilities as they write and revise their way into clarity. With few exceptions, my students were not willing to enter those uncomfortable spaces or remain there long enough to discover the power of writing.(最优秀的教育工作者将会适应人工智能。教师们会找到方法来鼓励学生进行批判性思考，并懂得什么才是真正的写作。然而，要让学生们接受这些教育，前提是他们愿意走出自己的舒适区。学生们在写作和修改文章以达到思路清晰的过程中，必须学会相信自己的认知能力，不断前进。除了少数例外，我的学生们并不愿意进入那些让他们感到不自在的领域，或者在那里停留足够长的时间，去发现写作的力量。)”可知，对于学生来说，最好的解决办法是学会克服这种不舒服，走出舒适区，提升自己。故选A。
5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了越来越多的年轻人选择社区学院或技术学校而非传统大学的现象，并分析了家长观念转变、技术工作的优势以及企业对此趋势的积极反应。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ We’re the ones who have been overpaying for our kids’ education. Almost 10 years ago, I sent my three kids to overpriced schools even though I knew that the education they were receiving did little to prepare them for their real-world job responsibilities. (我们才是为孩子的教育付出过高代价的人。大约10年前，我把我的三个孩子送到了价格昂贵的学校，尽管我知道他们所接受的教育并没有让他们为现实世界的工作责任做好准备。）可推知，作者对送孩子上大学感到后悔。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据上文“The good news is that some parents — and their kids — are learning. (好消息是，一些家长和他们的孩子正在学习。)”可知，那位母亲说她需要心理上调整才能接受孩子去社区大学或技术学校，所以这里应该指“接受”这个决定。选项中A是“Accept”，符合语境。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The change also benefits the younger generation. Although physically demanding, these still-focused jobs start early and also end earlier in the day. The work is varied and challenging. The demand for these workers is high. And if they have a desire to start their own business, the barrier to entry is low and the probability of success is relatively higher. (这种变化也有利于年轻一代。虽然体力要求很高，但这些仍然集中的工作开始得早，结束得也早。这项工作是多种多样且具有挑战性的。对这些工人的需求很高。如果他们有创业的愿望，进入门槛很低，成功的概率相对较高。)”可知，第三段主要讲了技术工作的好处。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new trend also presents a great recruiting opportunity for companies. Many of them are offering summer jobs and other opportunities to give students a taste of the work and a vision of the future. (这种新趋势也为公司提供了一个很好的招聘机会。他们中的许多人提供暑期工作和其他机会，让学生体验工作并展望未来。)”可知，这些公司对新趋势持积极态度。故选C项。
9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了康德的时间主观性理论及人类时间感知的弹性现象。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He believed time is created by the human mind. Out there beyond our minds, there is no time. It’s simply a “category” of our minds that helps us to perceive objects and order our experience. (他相信时间是由人类的思想创造的。在我们的意识之外，没有时间。它只是我们思维的一个“范畴”，帮助我们感知物体并安排我们的经验)”可知，康德会认可“时间是人类产生的一种精神概念”这一观点。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The flexibility of our time perception (感知) supports Kant’s doubt. We all know time is not a fixed phenomenon but seems to pass at different speeds in different situations. For example, it seems to go slowly when we travel to unfamiliar places, or when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we’re absorbed, such as when we play music or paint. (我们对时间感知的灵活性支持了康德的怀疑。我们都知道时间不是一个固定的现象，在不同的情况下似乎以不同的速度流逝。例如，当我们去不熟悉的地方旅行时，或者当我们感到无聊或痛苦时，它似乎走得很慢。当我们全神贯注的时候，比如当我们玩音乐或画画的时候，它似乎会加速)”可知，该段主要讲时间感知因情境而异。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In accident situations, people are often surprised by the amount of time they have to think and act. In fact, many people are convinced that time expansion spared them from their serious injury, or even death. For example, a woman who reported a TEE in which she avoided a metal barrier falling on to her car said, “For me the slowing down of the moment allowed me to decide how to escape the falling metal on us. ” (在发生事故的情况下，人们常常会惊讶于他们必须思考和行动的时间。事实上，许多人相信时间膨胀使他们免于重伤，甚至死亡。例如，一位女士报告说，她在时间膨胀中避开了掉到她车上的金属障碍物，她说：“对我来说，减速的那一刻让我决定如何逃离落在我们身上的金属)”可知，人们认为在事故中的时间膨胀体验是有益的。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“What we experience as time is filtered (过滤) through our minds, and so varies according to our state of mind. (随着时间的流逝，我们所经历的一切都被我们的思维过滤了，因此随着我们的精神状态而变化)”可知，文章开篇介绍康德认为时间是由人类思维创造的，接着通过讲述时间感知的灵活性以及时间膨胀体验等内容，说明了时间是因我们的精神状态而变化的，所以选项A“时间的秘密：一种精神状态”能很好地概括文章主旨。故选A。
13．B 14．D 15．A 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“漂绿”现象，即公司虚假宣传其环保或零排放承诺的行为。作者解释了漂绿的危害、介绍为恢复零排放承诺的诚实性所采取的措施，以及强调公开透明披露减排进展的重要性，并论述了漂绿问题的严重性和应对方法。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you’re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green. Go to a grocery store and you’ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero(净零排放).(翻阅一本商业杂志，或者走过一个机场或火车站，你很可能会被那些宣称已实现绿色发展的公司的广告所包围。走进一家杂货店，你会看到从洗衣粉到酸奶等各种商品都宣称实现了净零排放。)”可推测，作者列举在商业杂志、机场、火车站以及杂货店看到的各种产品宣称净零排放的情况，是为了呈现出当前社会上存在很多公司宣称实现绿色发展、净零排放这样一个现象。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This is why the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net-zero promises — which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. The Secretary-General is clear: “We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.”(这就是为什么联合国秘书长Antonio Guterres决定揭露真相，并呼吁各公司开始兑现其净零排放的承诺——这将需要立即采取行动，尽可能将温室气体排放削减至接近零。秘书长明确表示：“我们容不得行动迟缓者、虚假行动者，以及任何形式的漂绿行为。”)”可知，漂绿指的是一些公司只是宣称自己实现了净零排放等绿色目标，但实际上并没有采取真正的行动去切实减少温室气体排放，是一种提供关于减排的误导性宣称的行为。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To restore honesty to net zero commitment, the Secretary-General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards, definitions and criteria surrounding them. The report, called “Integrity Matters”, sets out what it means to make a net zero promise. Once in effect, the criteria clarify what does and doesn’t count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying.(为了恢复净零排放承诺的诚信度，秘书长成立了一个由17名专家组成的全球特别工作组，以仔细研究围绕净零排放的标准、定义和准则。这份名为《诚信至关重要》的报告阐述了做出净零排放承诺意味着什么。一旦这些准则生效，它们将明确哪些因素可以计入净零排放目标，哪些不能计入，以及哪些因素显然不符合要求。)”可知，《诚信至关重要》这份报告是为了恢复对净零排放承诺的诚信度，它明确了做出净零排放承诺的意义，并且一旦生效，其中的标准会阐明哪些能计入净零排放目标，哪些不能计入，以及哪些明显不符合要求，也就是它可以为有关环境承诺提供具体的指导方针。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As Canada’s Minster of Environment and Climate Change, I saw the power of business, financial institutions, cities and regions to help accelerate positive change.(作为加拿大环境与气候变化部长，我见证了企业、金融机构、城市和地区在助力加速积极变革方面的力量。)”可知，作者看到了企业、金融机构、城市和地区在加速积极变化方面的力量，由此可推测接下来作者可能会列举一些各方共同努力实现绿色目标的例子。故选A。
17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是如今的儿童游玩场地几乎没有任何冒险设施。这样的游乐场地真的适合孩子们吗？是否应该恢复冒险游戏？
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures.(操场变得更加安全。这里有柔软的地面可供玩耍，所有危险的游乐设备，比如让孩子们高速上下的高金属滑梯，都被更安全的塑料秋千和攀爬结构所取代。)”以及第二段“Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge (移除风险是否也会移除乐趣和挑战？)”可知，目前的儿童游玩场地基本没有危险设施。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段““The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.”(“孩子们几乎不动，这是一个大问题。”其中一名官员Rob Hofland表示，“他们会被更吸引人的屏幕所吸引，一坐就是几个小时。我们正在了解到，荷兰人——欧洲的卫冕冠军——如此不活跃是多么不健康。事情需要改变，而且要从年轻的时候开始。”)”可知，Rob Hofland提到，孩子们现在大多更喜爱看电子产品，这导致他们很少运动，健康状况堪忧，因此他认为需要改变现状。由此可推断，他想要恢复冒险游戏是想鼓励孩子们多运动。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段““Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.”(“冒险游戏确实是孩子们了解世界的一种基本方式，”不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Mariana Brussoni说。“参与冒险游戏有助于他们培养自信、适应力、执行能力和风险评估能力。”)”可知，在第五段Brussoni主要强调冒险游戏的益处。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play.(Brussoni说：“这将为你的孩子提供一个机会，让他们自己弄清楚什么是舒适的，他们可以做什么。”他补充说，你能做的最重要的事情就是让开，让孩子们去玩。)”可推断，Brussoni建议父母允许孩子探索他们的潜能。故选C项。
21．A 22．C 23．D 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了获得米其林星级对餐厅的影响，指出虽然米其林星级能带来知名度和关注，但也可能带来更高的成本和经营压力，甚至导致餐厅倒闭。文章通过研究数据和行业类比，建议餐厅根据自身需求决定是否追求这一荣誉。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Yet according to a study recently published in the Strategic Management Journal, restaurants might be better off remaining starless.(然而，根据《战略管理杂志》最近发表的一项研究，餐厅可能更适合保持无星级状态)”可知，获得米其林星级并不一定对餐厅有利。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Daniel Sands of University College London’s school of management tracked the fortunes of restaurants that opened in New York in 2000 – 2014 and won the honor of being included in the guide.(伦敦大学学院管理学院的丹尼尔 桑兹追踪了2000至2014年在纽约开业并获得被列入指南殊荣的餐厅的命运)”可知，Daniel研究的餐厅都是纽约的餐厅。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“In publishing, too, awards bring disaster. Prize-winning books are reviewed more severely than before their success, and worse than runners-up.(在出版行业，奖项也会带来灾难。获奖书籍在成功后受到的评论比之前更严苛，甚至比未获奖的作品更差)”可推知，作者通过提及获奖书籍，是想说明名声往往是有代价的。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For restaurants that are in the industry for the glory, Michelin’s top award will probably remain too inviting not to pursue. But for those simply wanting to stay in business, it may be safer to not quite meet the criterion.(对于那些

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