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高考英语过去将来时复习学案
一、复习目标
1. 掌握过去将来时的核心结构（would + 动词原形；was/were going to + 动词原形）及用法。
2. 区分过去将来时与其他时态的时间逻辑，精准判断语境中的“过去的将来”。
3. 熟练应对语法填空、短文改错、写作中过去将来时的高频考点。
二、核心知识梳理
（一）基本结构
结构 肯定句 否定句 疑问句
would + 动词原形 He would leave soon. He wouldn’t leave soon. Would he leave soon
was/were going to + 动词原形 She was going to study abroad. She wasn’t going to study abroad. Was she going to study abroad
补充结构：
was/were to do：表示过去计划或注定发生的事
They were to meet at the station, but missed each other.（过去计划见面）
was/were about to do：表示过去即将发生的动作（常与when连用）
I was about to leave when it rained.（过去即将离开时下雨）
（二）核心用法
1. 表示从过去某时间点看将要发生的动作
（常用于宾语从句或间接引语中，主句为过去时）
时间状语：the next day, the following week, soon, at that time等。
例句：
He said he would come to see me the next day.（从“说”的过去时间看，第二天要来）
They were going to have a party last night, but canceled it.（过去计划昨晚聚会）
2. 与一般将来时的区别
时态 时间基准 例句对比
过去将来时 以过去某时刻为基准的将来 He told me he would go to Beijing.（“告诉”是过去，“去北京”是过去的将来）
一般将来时 以现在为基准的将来 He will go to Beijing tomorrow.（现在看明天去北京）
3. 在虚拟语气中的应用
例句：
If I were you, I would take the job.（对现在的虚拟，用过去将来时would）
（三）典型语境场景
1. 宾语从句中的过去将来时：
She asked if we would help her.（主句asked为过去时，从句用would表将来）
2. 过去的打算或未实现的计划：
I was going to visit you, but I got sick.（过去打算拜访，但未实现）
3. 故事叙述中的铺垫：
In 2020, no one knew what would happen next.（以2020年为基准，之后发生的事用过去将来时）
三、高频考点突破
（一）语法填空：时态判断与结构选择
解题步骤：
1. 确定主句时态（若主句为过去时，从句可能用过去将来时）。
2. 找过去时间状语（如the next day, at that time等）或上下文逻辑（如间接引语）。
3. 区分would与was/were going to的细微差异（would表单纯将来，was/were going to表过去计划）。
例题：
1. He said he would write (write) to me once a week.（主句said为过去时，从句用would表过去将来）
2. They were going to start (start) the project last month, but delayed it.（过去计划，用was/were going to）
3. She wondered if they would arrive (arrive) on time.（间接引语，用would）
（二）短文改错：时态误用与结构错误
常见错误类型：
1. 该用过去将来时却用一般将来时：
错：He said he will come.
对：He said he would come.（主句said为过去时，从句用过去将来时）
2. was/were与主语单复数不匹配：
错：I was going to leave, but he were going to stay.
对：I was going to leave, but he was going to stay.（he对应was）
3. would后接动词原形错误：
错：They would to go shopping.
对：They would go shopping.（would后接动词原形）
例题：
错：She told me she is going to study abroad.
改：She told me she was going to study abroad.（主句told为过去时，从句用过去将来时）
（三）写作：时间逻辑与句型应用
提升技巧：
1. 在故事或叙事文中，用过去将来时衔接过去与未来动作：
In 2019, I never imagined I would become a teacher.（以2019年为基准，之后成为老师）
2. 用“was/were going to”强调过去未实现的计划，增加叙事层次感：
We were going to travel to Japan, but the pandemic hit.（过去计划被疫情打断）
3. 避免与虚拟语气混淆，明确过去将来时的“非假设性”：
正确（过去将来时）：He promised he would return the book.（承诺会还书，非假设）
正确（虚拟语气）：If I had money, I would buy a car.（假设条件下的结果）
四、巩固练习
（一）单句填空
1. They said they ______ (visit) us the next week.
2. I ______ (be) going to call you, but forgot.
3. Would you tell me what ______ (happen) next
4. She wondered if it ______ (rain) the next day.
5. He ______ (be about to) leave when the phone rang.
（二）短文改错（每行一处错误）
1. He thinks he would pass the exam. __________
2. We was going to have a picnic yesterday. __________
3. She asked if I will go with her. __________
4. They would to stay at home instead of going out. __________
5. I didn’t know that he is leaving soon. __________
（三）写作提升
用过去将来时完成句子：
1. 他告诉我他下周要去上海。
He told me he ____________________ to Shanghai the next week.
2. 我们原计划昨天开会，但推迟了。
We ____________________ have a meeting yesterday, but postponed it.
3. 那时，没人知道接下来会发生什么。
At that time, no one knew what ____________________ next.
五、参考答案
（一）单句填空
1. would visit
2. was
3. would happen
4. would rain
5. was about to
（二）短文改错
1. thinks→thought（主句用过去时，从句才可用would）
2. was→were（we对应were）
3. will→would（主句asked为过去时，从句用would）
4. 去掉to（would后接动词原形）
5. is→was（主句didn’t know为过去时，从句用过去式was）
（三）写作提升
1. would go
2. were going to
3. would happen
备考小贴士：
1. 制作“过去将来时时间轴”，标注“过去某时刻→过去将来动作”的逻辑关系。
2. 整理高频动词（如say, think, wonder）引导的宾语从句中过去将来时的用法。
3. 写作中先确定故事的时间基点（如“去年”“小时候”），再用过去将来时描述当时的“未来”动作。
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