资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台中考英语一般过去时复习学案一、核心语法结构详解(一)基本句型构成1. 肯定句结构:主语 + 动词过去式(-ed形式或不规则变化) 例句: My father worked in a factory ten years ago.(父亲十年前在工厂工作。) She bought a new dress yesterday.(她昨天买了一条新裙子。)2. 否定句结构:主语 + did not (didn’t) + 动词原形 例句: They didn’t go to the cinema last night.(他们昨晚没去看电影。) He didn’t eat breakfast this morning because he was late.(他今早没吃早饭,因为迟到了。)3. 一般疑问句结构:Did + 主语 + 动词原形? 例句: —Did you study English last weekend (你上周末学英语了吗?) —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.(是的,学了。/不,没学。)4. 特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形? 例句: When did you arrive home yesterday (你昨天几点到家的?) Why didn’t she come to the party (她为什么没来参加派对?)二、动词过去式变化规则全解析(一)规则变化四大类1. 一般情况:直接加 -ed 发音规则: 在清辅音后读 /t/:worked /w kt/、helped /helpt/ 在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/:played /ple d/、lived /l vd/ 在 /t/ 和 /d/ 音后读 / d/:wanted / w nt d/、needed / ni d d/ 例词:look→looked(看)、jump→jumped(跳)、visit→visited(参观)2. 以不发音e结尾:直接加 -d 例词:hope→hoped(希望)、love→loved(爱)、use→used(使用)3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i加 -ed 例词:study→studied(学习)、carry→carried(携带)、worry→worried(担心)注意:以“元音字母+y”结尾时直接加-ed:play→played(玩)、enjoy→enjoyed(享受)4. 重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅结构):双写辅音字母加 -ed 判断条件: 单词最后三个字母为“辅音+元音+辅音”(如stop→s-t-o-p); 该音节重读(音标中含 )。 例词:stop→stopped(停止)、plan→planned(计划)、prefer→preferred(更喜欢)(二)不规则变化:高频核心词分类记忆1. A→A型(原形与过去式同形) 例词:let→let(让)、cut→cut(切)、put→put(放)、cost→cost(花费)2. A→B型(完全不规则) 例词:go→went(去)、do→did(做)、have→had(有)、eat→ate(吃)、see→saw(看见)am/is→was(是)、are→were(是)、take→took(拿)、buy→bought(买)3. A→B→B型(过去式与过去分词同形) 例词:bring→brought(带来)、think→thought(思考)、sell→sold(卖)、tell→told(告诉)三、一般过去时的三大核心用法(一)描述过去某一时间点的动作或状态时间标志词: 具体过去时间:yesterday(昨天)、last night/week/month/year(昨晚/上周/上月/去年) 时间点+ago:two days ago(两天前)、an hour ago(一小时前) 过去年份/节日:in 2020、on Monday morning(指过去的周一早晨) 例句: I met my old friend in the street yesterday.(我昨天在街上遇到了老朋友。) They moved to Beijing last year.(他们去年搬到了北京。)(二)叙述过去一段时间内持续的动作或状态时间标志词: in the past(在过去)、from...to...(过去的时间段)、during + 过去时间(在...期间) 例句: She studied French from 2015 to 2018.(她2015到2018年学法语。) We lived in a small village during our childhood.(我们童年时住在一个小村庄。)(三)固定句型与情景应用1. 询问过去经历 句型:How was/were... (...怎么样?) —How was your trip to Shanghai (你去上海的旅行怎么样?) —It was wonderful!(太棒了!)2. 描述过去习惯(与used to连用) 结构:used to do sth.(过去常常做某事) He used to play football every afternoon.(他过去每天下午都踢足球。)3. 故事叙述或日记开头 例:Last Saturday, I got up early and went to the park with my family.(上周六,我早起和家人去了公园。)四、易混时态对比与辨析(一)一般过去时 vs 现在完成时对比维度 一般过去时 现在完成时时间关联 动作发生在过去,与现在无直接联系 动作发生在过去,对现在有影响或结果时间标志词 yesterday、last week、ago等明确过去时间 already、yet、ever、since、for+时间段等例句 I saw the film yesterday.(我昨天看了这部电影。) I have seen the film.(我已经看过这部电影了。)关键区别: 一般过去时侧重“过去发生的事实”(如“昨天做了某事”); 现在完成时侧重“过去动作对现在的影响”(如“已经知道结果”)。(二)一般过去时 vs 过去进行时对比维度 一般过去时(完成的动作) 过去进行时(过去某时正在进行的动作)动作状态 动作已完成(强调结果) 动作未完成(强调过程)时间标志词 单一过去时间(如yesterday) 过去某时刻(如at 8 pm yesterday)例句 He finished his homework last night.(他昨晚完成了作业。) He was doing his homework at 8 pm last night.(他昨晚八点在写作业。)五、常见错误类型及应对策略(一)规则动词过去式拼写错误错误类型: 误加“s”:× playeds → √ played 未双写辅音字母:× stoped → √ stopped 未变y为i:× studyed → √ studied应对策略: 牢记四类规则变化的发音和拼写规则; 针对易混淆词(如prefer→preferred、travel→traveled)专项练习。(二)不规则动词记忆错误错误类型: 混淆相似动词:× goed → √ went、× buyed → √ bought 遗漏特殊变化:× eated → √ ate应对策略: 分类记忆高频不规则动词(如“ABC型”“ABB型”); 制作单词卡片,通过例句强化记忆(如do→did→I did my best)。(三)助动词did使用错误错误类型: 否定句未用didn’t:× He not went to school. → √ He didn’t go to school. 疑问句未还原动词原形:× Did you went there → √ Did you go there 应对策略: 牢记“did是助动词,后接动词原形”的规则; 通过“肯定句→否定句→疑问句”句型转换练习强化。(四)be动词与实义动词混用错误类型: 错误叠加:× They were played football. → √ They played football.应对策略: 明确一般过去时中,be动词(was/were)与实义动词不能同时使用; 区分“主系表结构”(如She was happy)和“主谓结构”(如She played happily)。六、实战演练与中考真题精讲(一)基础能力训练1. 用所给动词的正确形式填空① She ______ (visit) her grandparents last Sunday.② They ______ (not go) to the concert because they were busy.③ ______ you ______ (watch) the basketball game on TV yesterday 答案:① visited;② didn’t go;③ Did; watch2. 句型转换① He did his homework at home.(改为否定句) He ______ ______ his homework at home.② They went to the beach last summer.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ they ______ last summer 答案:① didn’t do;② Where did; go(二)语境理解与运用1. 单项选择 —What did you do on Children’s Day —I ______ games with my friends in the park.A. play B. played C. will play解析:Children’s Day为过去时间,用过去式played,选B。 He ______ a beautiful song at the party last night.A. sings B. sang C. is singing解析:last night为过去标志,sing的过去式为sang,选B。(三)中考真题分类解析1. 时间标志词类(2024·湖北武汉)—Did you go to the museum yesterday —No, I ______. I stayed at home and read books.A. don’t B. didn’t C. does解析:yesterday为过去时间,否定回答用didn’t,选B。2. 不规则动词类(2023·山东济南)Last year, my family ______ to a new city. It was a big change for us.A. move B. moves C. moved解析:last year为过去时间,move为规则动词,直接加-ed,选C。3. 语境逻辑类(2024·四川成都)—How was your weekend —Great! I ______ a picnic with my classmates in the park.A. have B. had C. will have解析:weekend为过去时间,have的过去式为had,选B。4. 固定句型类(2024·湖南长沙)—Where ______ you born, Linda —I ______ born in Changsha.A. were; was B. was; were C. are; am解析:出生为过去动作,you与were搭配,I与was搭配,选A。5. 否定句结构类(2022·浙江杭州)He ______ any photos during the trip because his camera was broken.A. took B. didn’t take C. wasn’t take解析:camera was broken为过去时,否定句用didn’t + 动词原形,选B。七、记忆口诀与学习技巧(一)口诀速记一般过去时真简单,过去动作记心间。规则动词加-ed,不规则变化特殊记。否定疑问找did,动词原形要牢记。Yesterday, last, ago是信号,过去时间别混淆!(二)高效学习法1. 时间轴法:用时间轴标注过去事件(如last week→played basketball;yesterday→went shopping),直观理解时态。2. 故事串联法:将不规则动词融入故事中记忆,如: Yesterday, I went(去)to the park and saw(看见)a bird. It ate(吃)some bread I had(有).3. 错题循环法:每周重做一次错题,标注易错点(如双写规则、不规则动词),直至完全掌握。八、课后拓展任务(一)基础巩固1. 默写20个高频不规则动词(如go, do, have, see, eat等)。2. 用一般过去时描述你昨天的三件事(例:I got up at 7 am and had eggs for breakfast...)。(二)能力提升1. 阅读一篇过去时态的短文(如日记、故事),划出所有过去式动词并分类(规则/不规则)。2. 写作练习:以“My Last Holiday”为题,用一般过去时写一篇80词左右的短文,包含时间、地点、事件及感受。(三)真题冲刺1. 限时完成10道中考时态题,总结错误类型(如时间标志词漏看、不规则动词错误)。2. 分析近三年中考卷中一般过去时的考点分布(如单项选择、完形填空、写作),针对性强化训练。通过“规则掌握→语境应用→真题实战”的系统化复习,一般过去时不再是难点!坚持练习,中考必胜! 21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览