资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台中考英语定语从句复习学案一、定语从句基础概念(一)定义定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于形容词的作用,用于限定先行词的范围或特征。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词。 例句:The student who answered the question is my classmate.(先行词:the student;关系词:who;定语从句:who answered the question)(二)关系词的双重作用1. 连接作用:连接主句和定语从句。2. 指代作用:指代先行词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。二、关系词分类及详细用法(一)关系代词(指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语)1. who:指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语中可代替whom作宾语)。 例句:The man who spoke at the meeting is a professor.(作主语) 例句:The girl who/whom you met yesterday is my sister.(作宾语)2. whom:指代人,在从句中作宾语(正式文体中常用,可与who互换或省略)。 例句:The teacher whom we admire is retiring next year.(作宾语,可省略)3. whose:指代人或物,在从句中作定语,表示所属关系(=先行词+of which/whom)。 例句:This is the writer whose book won the prize.(指人,作定语) 例句:The house whose windows face south is very bright.(指物,可转换为:the windows of which face south)4. which:指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。 例句:The movie which was shown last week was a hit.(作主语) 例句:The pen which I lost has been found.(作宾语,可省略)5. that:指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。 例句:The person that is waiting for you is my friend.(指人,作主语) 例句:The car that he bought is very expensive.(指物,作宾语)(二)关系副词(指代时间、地点、原因,在从句中作状语)1. when:指代时间(如day, year, moment等),在从句中作时间状语(=介词+which)。 例句:I still remember the day when we first met.(=on which we first met)2. where:指代地点(如place, city, house等),在从句中作地点状语(=介词+which)。 例句:This is the school where my mother works.(=in which my mother works)3. why:指代原因(仅用于先行词为reason的情况),在从句中作原因状语(=for+which)。 例句:Do you know the reason why he was late (=for which he was late)三、关系词选择的核心逻辑(一)根据先行词在从句中的语法功能选择1. 作主语或宾语:用关系代词(who/whom/which/that)。 例句:The book that/which you need is on the shelf.(先行词book作need的宾语)2. 作状语:用关系副词(when/where/why)或“介词+关系代词”。 例句: This is the room where I study.(先行词room作study的地点状语) This is the room in which I study.(in+which=where)(二)关系代词that的特殊用法1. 只能用that的情况: 先行词为不定代词(all, everything, nothing, something等): 例句:All that he told me is true. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰: 例句:This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 先行词同时含有人和物: 例句:We talked about the people and things that we experienced.2. 不能用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句(从句与主句用逗号隔开): 例句:My hometown, which is famous for tea, has a long history.(不可用that) 先行词为which或who时(避免重复): 例句:Which is the car that hit him 四、易混关系词对比辨析(一)who与whom的区别 who为主格,作主语或宾语(口语中可代替whom作宾语);whom为宾格,仅作宾语(正式文体中常用)。 例句: The girl who is dancing is my cousin.(作主语,用who) The man whom/who you called is my teacher.(作宾语,whom更正式)(二)which与that的区别场景 which that引导非限制性定语从句 可用(不可省略) 不可用先行词前有介词 可用(如in which, on which) 不可用(介词后不用that)先行词为物且被限定词修饰 可用 常用(如先行词被the only修饰)(三)whose与of which的转换 whose表示所属关系,可转换为“of+先行词+which/whom”结构。 例句: The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard. The boy the father of whom is a doctor studies hard.五、常见错误类型及纠正方法(一)关系词与先行词不匹配错误:× The school where I visited yesterday is beautiful.正确:√ The school that/which I visited yesterday is beautiful.解析:visited为及物动词,先行词school在从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that/which,而非关系副词where。(二)介词遗漏或误用错误:× This is the house which he lives.正确:√ This is the house in which/where he lives.解析:live为不及物动词,需加介词in,或用where作地点状语。(三)that与which的误用错误:× The book, that I bought last week, is very interesting.正确:√ The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.解析:非限制性定语从句不可用that,需用which。(四)whose与who’s混淆错误:× The girl who’s bag is red is my friend.正确:√ The girl whose bag is red is my friend.解析:whose表示“谁的”(所有格),who’s是who is的缩写,意为“谁是”。六、实战演练与中考真题(一)基础巩固练习1. 用适当的关系词填空:① The man ______ is talking to the teacher is my father.② This is the park ______ we took photos last weekend.③ I know the student ______ mother is a nurse.答案:① who/that;② where/in which;③ whose2. 改错:① The pen that I bought it yesterday is blue.② Do you remember the day when we spent together 答案:① 去掉it(that已指代pen,作bought的宾语);② when→that/which(spent为及物动词,先行词day作宾语)。(二)语境单项选择1. The museum ______ we saw many ancient things is very famous.A. where B. which C. that解析:先行词museum在从句中作地点状语(saw many ancient things in the museum),用where或in which,选A。2. The boy ______ leg was broken in the accident was taken to hospital.A. who B. whose C. that解析:先行词boy与leg为所属关系,用whose,选B。3. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.A. which B. that C. who解析:先行词被最高级best修饰,只能用that,选B。(三)中考真题解析1.(2024·湖北武汉)The city ______ I grew up is very small.A. where B. which C. that解析:先行词city在从句中作地点状语(grew up in the city),用where或in which,选A。2.(2023·山东济南)I like the singer ______ can write his own songs.A. which B. who C. whom解析:先行词singer指人,在从句中作主语,用who/that,选B。3.(2024·四川成都)The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.A. why B. which C. that解析:先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语,用why或for which,选A。4.(2024·湖南长沙)The house ______ windows are painted blue is my grandparents’ home.A. who B. whose C. that解析:先行词house与windows为所属关系,用whose,选B。5.(2022·浙江杭州)The book ______ you lent me is very interesting.A. what B. who C. that解析:先行词book指物,在从句中作lent的宾语,用that/which或省略,选C。七、记忆口诀定语从句选关系词,先看先行词,再判句中义。人主who,人宾who/whom可更替,所属whose莫忘记。物主which,物宾which/that都能行,非限从句which替。时间when,地点where,原因why前是reason。介词后,which/whom跟,that特殊情况要记清!八、课后任务1. 错题归类:将练习中的错误按“关系词选择、介词使用、that特殊用法”分类记录,分析原因。2. 翻译训练:将下列句子译为英语:① 这是我读过的最有趣的小说。② 你认识那个骑自行车的男孩吗?3. 真题分析:收集近三年中考卷中定语从句的题目,总结高频考点(如关系代词作宾语时的省略、whose的用法)。通过“先行词分析→语法功能判断→关系词精准选择”的系统化训练,定语从句的难点将逐一突破,为中考英语阅读和写作奠定坚实基础!21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览