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高中英语阅读理解—推断题
问题层级图
目标层级图
【一】 识别和判断推断题分类及命题方式 ★★☆☆☆
1. 细节类推断
A)明显标志词（infer/imply)类
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _______
The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _______
The last paragraph implies that ______
The writer suggests that ______
With the first paragraph, the author intends to ______
B)无明显标志词类
Why does the author use the example of ......？
Which of the following best describes ......？
Why does the author write the news？
2. 态度推断类
The author probably feels that______
What’s the author’s attitude toward ______
What does the author think of ...... ？
What would ......(某个人）agree with？
3. 文章出处推断类
In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed？
The text is meant to ______
What type of witting is this text？
练习题
请判断下列是否为主旨题，是的请写T，不是的请写F。
01. What is the main idea of this passage （ ）
02. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？（ ）
03. The author develops the passage mainly by______ . ( )
04. What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean
05. The writer strongly believes that we should ________. ( )
06. Which is the best title for the passage ( )
07. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage ( )
08. What can be inferred from the text ( )
09. The first paragraph is intended to tell us ( )
10. From the passage we can conclude that_____. ( )
11. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about ( )
12. Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they _______.（ ）
13. The "alarm" in the first paragraph refers to "_______".（ ）
14. How is Paragraph I mainly developed ( )
15. What might be the best title for the story ( )
16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ( )
17. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage ( )
18. From the passage we can infer that ______ ( )
19. What can be the best title for the passage ( )
20. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that. ( )
【二】 细节类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
在阅读理解的推断题当中，大部分题推断题都属于细节推断，即需要根据文章当中的某句或者某段进行细节推理，从而得出答案。因此，在做这一类推断题的时候我们往往可以结合细节题的做题方法，现在题干当中找到关键词，回到原文当中进行定位，最后抓住特定细节进行正向或者逆向推理。
【明显标志词类】例题分析讲解：
A
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
What can we infer about Serval’s children
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
B
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 7
A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness
B. Psychologists’ opinion is well proved by Grandma’ case
C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings
D. Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life
C
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house
A. He wanted to have tea there.
B. He was a respectable person.
C. He was treated as a family member.
D. He was fully trusted by the family
【明显标志词类】练习：
A
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural l world, some aspect or life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, —dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
B
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C. smartphone can shorten the drying time
D. we should refresh clothes back at home
【含蓄类】例题分析讲解：
A
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
How are social robots different from household robots
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
B
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’ interest.
C
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A. He was also to be interviewed B. He needed a travelling companion
C. He always helped people in need D. He was thankful to Jimmy
【含蓄类】练习：
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $ 2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’, or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think’, ‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victims to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There is a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
01. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes
A. They have bigger night crowds. B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They are less frequently visited. D. They start to serve fast food.
02. What are theme cafes expected to do
A. Save the cafe business. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Create more jobs. D. Serve the neighborhood.
【三】 态度类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
阅读理解中作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。该类推断题主要可以通过文章中的情感词或者情感句进行推理解答。
1. 通过情感词进行推断
常见情感词：
正向词：support(支持），approve(赞成），approving(赞同的），favorable(支持的），optimistic(乐观的），positive(积极的）helpful(有益的），admiring(羡慕的），concerned(关心的），impressive（给人印象深刻的），sincere(真诚的）,sympathetic(同情的），humorous(幽默的），praising(赞扬的），confident(自信的），interesting（有趣的），caring(在意的，关心的），friendly(友好的）
负向词：critical(批评的），negative（消极的，否定的），defensive(防范的），skeptical（怀疑的），doubtful(怀疑的），disgusted(厌恶的），suspicious(怀疑的），intolerable(无法忍受的），disappointed(失望的），pessimistic(悲观的），depressed(沮丧的），worried(担心的），hostile(敌对的），ironic(讽刺的），sarcastic（挖苦的），cynical(愤世嫉俗的），emotional(易情绪激动的），opposed(反对的），angry(愤怒的），hesitant(犹豫的），indifferent(冷淡的，漠不关心的）
中性词：objective(客观的），serious(严肃的），casual(随意的），cautious(谨慎的），impersonal(不受个人影响的），factual(事实的），neutral(中立的），compromising(妥协的），personal(私人的）
例题分析讲解：
A
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.k.Rowling John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers
A. favorable. B. uncaring C. doubtful D. friendly
B
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea
A. He agrees with them. B. He doubts them.
C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them.
练习题：
A
It’s a cruel but entertaining trick which does a highly effective job of promoting LG’s ‘Ultra HD’ televisions. However, some comments online by those who have seen the ad claim(声称) the whole process was not real. They claim actors are playing the parts of applicants and interviewers to promote the company’s latest television.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the TV advertisement
A. Doubtful B. Objective C. Unfavorable D. Passive
B
Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Café has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It’s based on trust, and it’s working all right,” says co-owner Brad Birky, who started the café in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,” Birky says. SAME’s special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.
The café now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup,” says Birky.
The author’s attitude towards running such a café is_______
A. unfavorable B. approving
C. doubtful D. cautious
例题分析讲解：
A
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid--we simply weigh too much, and all our mm pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting. “
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a "non-Newtonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(微粒) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy md better mad about in theory than carried out in practice, if you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sin kand take a shower afterward!
What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water
A, It is risky but beneficial.
B. It is interesting and worth trying.
C. It is crazy md cannot become a reality.
D. It is impractical thigh theoretically possible.
B
One morning, Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers（传单）, and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died, Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
What was Ann’s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4
A. Sympathetic B. Doubtful C. Tolerant D. Grateful
练习题:
A
A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high rains, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I’d had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans ” she asked. I said I was, “No charge.” She said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
The garage employee’s attitude toward the author was that of _____ .
A. unconcern B. sympathy C. doubt D. tolerance
B
At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.
“You may wonder, Sir Percival,” said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from ray promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much. ”
His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.
“No, if we are going to withdraw. (退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine. ”
“Mine ” he said in great surprise. ”What reason could I have for withdrawing ”
“A reason that is very hard to tell you,” she answered. “There is a change in me.”
His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side.
“What change ” he asked, trying to appear calm.
“When the promise was made two years ago”, she said, “my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person ”
“I wish you to understand”, Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow me to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive me and keep my secret.”
“I will do both those things,” he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more.
“I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage”, she added quietly.
“No. You have said enough to make it the best wish of my life to marry you,” he said.
How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura
A. Angry. B. Calm. C. Nervous. D. Excited.
【四】 出处类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
对于阅读理解中的处处类推断题，首先可以先对文章的体裁进行分析，再通过文章的高频词和主旨大意推断出文章的出处。
例题分析讲解：
A
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns；she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Where does this text probably come from
A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.
C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
B
Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life If yes, don't care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you'll make it!
Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant
(No Pay with Free Meals)
Place: Manchester
Hours: Part Time
We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!
Role:
You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.
Skills and Experience Required:
You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.
The text is meant to ________
A. leave a note B. send an invitation
C. present a document D. carry an advertisement
C
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
The passage is likely to appear in .
A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook
C. a science magazine D. a finance report
练习题：
A
Most rain forests lie close to the equator where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain. The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year. This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round. The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate. They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves. The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke. These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or morn when little rain falls. Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon (雨季) begins. Thus these areas are known as the “monsoon forest”.
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains. It is often called the “cloud forest” because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees. Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds. When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals’ stomachs and arc passed out in their droppings. The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.
This passage is most likely to be found in ______
A. a travel guide B. a story book
C. a technical report D. a geography book
B
Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼).
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.
Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand—but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.
In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
The passage is most probably taken from _____.
A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine
C. a research paper D. a personal diary
C
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grirmsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer（层）of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava（岩浆） from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash- covered grass to the sharp object.
This text is most probably taken from
A. a research paper B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook.
D
Have you ever wondered
1. Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east
It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London bur seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet (喷射) stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.
2. What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off
Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures (建筑物) float away What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hours. If you turn something around your head on a string（细绳）, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. ‘Switching off’ gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.
Where can we most probably read the text
A. In a research paper B. In a short story
C. In a travel magazine D. In a student’s book
【四】 推断题的选项特征 ★★★☆☆
正确选项特征
1）忠实原文
2）合理推断
错误选项特点
1）无中生有
2）范围过宽或过窄
3）偷换概念
4）是原文信息
5）过度推断
6）主观臆断
7）答非所问
【明显标志词类】例题分析讲解：
A
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
What can we infer about Serval’s children
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
B
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 7
A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness
B. Psychologists’ opinion is well proved by Grandma’ case
C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings
D. Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life
C
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house
A. He wanted to have tea there.
B. He was a respectable person.
C. He was treated as a family member.
D. He was fully trusted by the family
【明显标志词类】练习：
A
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural l world, some aspect or life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, —dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
It is implied in the last paragraph that
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
B
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smart phone app (application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smart phone through a download able application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C. Smart phone can shorten the drying time
D. we should refresh clothes back at home
【含蓄类】例题分析讲解：
A
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
How are social robots different from household robots
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
B
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’ interest.
C
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A. He was also to be interviewed
B. He needed a traveling companion.
C. He always helped people in need
D. He was thankful to Jimmy
【含蓄类】练习：
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $ 2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’, or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think’, ‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victims to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There is a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
01. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes
A. They have bigger night crowds.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They are less frequently visited.
D. They start to serve fast food.
02. What are theme cafes expected to do
A. Save the cafe business. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Create more jobs. D. Serve the neighborhood.
阅读理解推断题词汇
01. remove v. 移动
【英英解释】If you remove sth, you take it away from the place where it was.
【例句】The tea-ladies came in to remove the cups.
02. likewise adv. 同样地
【英英解释】You use likewise when you are comparing two methods, states, etc. and saying that they are similar.
【例句】In Yugoslavia there was a special local way of doing it, likewise in Italy.
03. gather v. 聚集
【英英解释】If people or animals gather, they come together in a group.
【例句】The children gathered around their teacher.
04. erupt v. （火山）喷发，爆发
【英英解释】When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot ash and steam in a violent and destructive way.
【变形】eruption n. 爆发
【例句】…a volcano on the point of eruption
05. admit v. 承认
【英英解释】If you admit sth, you agree often reluctantly, that it is true.
【例句】I must admit I had my doubts.
【变形】admission n. 承认，允许进入
06. astonish v. 使…惊讶
【英英解释】If sth or someone astonishes you, they surprise you very much.
【例句】We have found much to astonish and delight us.
【变形】astonishment n. 惊讶
07. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
【英英解释】Someone who is generous gives or offers to give more of sth, especially money, than is usual or expected.
【例句】You can give more if you are feeling generous
【变形】generosity n. 大方
08. cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的
【英英解释】Someone who is cautious acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger.
【例句】My mother was a very cautious driver.
09. favorable adj. 赞成的
【英英解释】If your opinion about sth or your reaction to sth is favorable, you like or agree with that thing.
【例句】Her request met with a favorable response.
【变形】unfavorable
10. artificial adj. 人造的，人工的
【英英解释】Artificial objects or materials do not occur naturally and are created by people.
【例句】artificial flowers 假花
11. adequate adj. 足够的
【英英解释】If the amount of sth is adequate, there is enough of it, but there is only just enough.
【例句】The pay was adequate.
12. sympathy n. 同情
【英英解释】If you feel or show sympathy for someone who has had a misfortune, you are sorry for them and show it in the way that you behave towards them, especially by being kind to them.
【例句】These people need our help and sympathy.
【变形】sympathetic adj. 同情的
13. indifferent adj. 冷漠的
【英英解释】 If you are indifferent to sth, you have no interest in it and show that you don’t care at all.
【例句】Her eyes assumed a strange indifferent look.
14. essential adj. 必要的，不可或缺的
【英英解释】Sth that is essential is considered to be extremely important or extremely necessary for a particular situation or activity.
【例句】Land is essential for food and for work.
15. evolve v. （生物）进化
【英英解释】When animals, plants, insects, etc. evolve, they gradually change and develop into different forms.
【例句】The early fish have evolved into some thirty thousand different species.
【变形】evolution n. 进化 evolutionary adj. 进化的
16. distinguish v. 辨别，分辨
【英英解释】If you can distinguish one thing from another thing or distinguish between two things, you can see or understand the difference between them.
【例句】The child was unable to distinguish between the letters b and p.
17. victim n. 受害者
【英英解释】A victim is someone who has been heard or killed by someone or sth.
【例句】Most of the victims were children.
18. appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的
【英英解释】Sth that is appropriate is correct, suitable, or acceptable.
【例句】It seemed appropriate to end with a joke.
【变形】inappropriate adj. 不适合的
19. optimistic adj. 乐观的，积极的
【英英解释】Someone who is optimistic is hopeful about future, and believes that things will happen in the best possible way.
【例句】He is an optimistic man.
【反义词】pessimistic adj. 悲观的，消极的
20. disabled adj. 残疾的
【英英解释】Someone who is disabled has an illness or an injury that restricts the way that they can live their life, especially by making it difficult for them to move about.
【例句】She has to look after a disabled relative.
阅读理解推断题题长难句
01. UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.
【分析】本句中的动词explain后面含有一个how引导的宾语从句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.这个从句中有一个比较从句most of us ever imagined。
02. For humans to do this, we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting”.
【分析】本句用For 来引出对象和行为，“对于人类要做到这个”。 we’d=we would, 后面用that引导的一个定语从句，先行词为huge feet., that 关系代词在后面从句中做bring up 的宾语，in order to 表目的。“adequate”的意思为“足够的”。
03. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.
【分析】重点单词短语：constant不变的，恒定的，经常的；thus因此，opposite相反的，对立的。moving是由非谓语做定语修饰the planes，when引导的时间状语从句，从句中包含一个比较级。
04. Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
【分析】重难点单词短语：result from：起因于，由….造成。juvenile青少年的，ahead提前，violent猛烈的，暴力的。本句中间破折号所引内容“thought to be the first….”为插入语，observation后“that juvenile…2001”引导的是一个定语从句，修饰observation。
05. If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet.
【分析】本句先是一个“主句为一般过去式从句为过去将来时的”条件状语从句， if we were......, we would go ....... ， 这个条件为“If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars”，结果为后面两个分句。第二个分句又是一个使用了as... as来表示同级比较，表示“午夜对我们的可见性与对大量的夜视动物是一样的。”
20高中英语阅读理解—推断题
问题层级图
目标层级图
【一】 识别和判断推断题分类及命题方式 ★★☆☆☆
1. 细节类推断
A)明显标志词（infer/imply)类
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that _______
The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _______
The last paragraph implies that ______
The writer suggests that ______
With the first paragraph, the author intends to ______
B)无明显标志词类
Why does the author use the example of ......？
Which of the following best describes ......？
Why does the author write the news？
2. 态度推断类
The author probably feels that______
What’s the author’s attitude toward ______
What does the author think of ...... ？
What would ......(某个人）agree with？
3. 文章出处推断类
In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed？
The text is meant to ______
What type of witting is this text？
练习题
请判断下列是否为主旨题，是的请写T，不是的请写F。
01. What is the main idea of this passage （ ）
02. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？（ ）
03. The author develops the passage mainly by______ . ( )
04. What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean
05. The writer strongly believes that we should ________. ( )
06. Which is the best title for the passage ( )
07. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage ( )
08. What can be inferred from the text ( )
09. The first paragraph is intended to tell us ( )
10. From the passage we can conclude that_____. ( )
11. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about ( )
12. Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest because they _______.（ ）
13. The "alarm" in the first paragraph refers to "_______".（ ）
14. How is Paragraph I mainly developed ( )
15. What might be the best title for the story ( )
16. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ( )
17. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage ( )
18. From the passage we can infer that ______ ( )
19. What can be the best title for the passage ( )
20. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that. ( )
【二】 细节类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
在阅读理解的推断题当中，大部分题推断题都属于细节推断，即需要根据文章当中的某句或者某段进行细节推理，从而得出答案。因此，在做这一类推断题的时候我们往往可以结合细节题的做题方法，现在题干当中找到关键词，回到原文当中进行定位，最后抓住特定细节进行正向或者逆向推理。
【明显标志词类】例题分析讲解：
A
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
What can we infer about Serval’s children
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
【解题思路】根据题干定位回原文，找到“Serval”和“kids”，划线部分即为答案句。因此，根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出他们不愿意刷牙，故答案选A。
B
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 7
A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness
B. Psychologists’ opinion is well proved by Grandma’ case
C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings
D. Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life
【解题思路】定位回文章第七段，可推知答案选D（即奶奶的快乐来自于对生活适度的期盼）。
C
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house
A. He wanted to have tea there.
B. He was a respectable person.
C. He was treated as a family member.
D. He was fully trusted by the family
【解题思路】根据题干定位回原文，划线部分为答案句。因此可知送奶人士被信任的人，所以可以拥有“我”家的钥匙，以方便送奶。故答案选D。
【明显标志词类】练习：
A
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural l world, some aspect or life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, —dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
【解题思路】定位回最后一段，答案句为黑体部分。光污染让我们看不到自己在宇宙中真正的位置，由此作者暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。故答案选D。
B
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app (application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C. smartphone can shorten the drying time
D. we should refresh clothes back at home
【解题思路】定位回文章第六段，由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。故答案选A。
【含蓄类】例题分析讲解：
A
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
How are social robots different from household robots
A. They can control their emotions.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
【解题思路】根据题干定位回原文，可推知与家庭机器人相比，这些机器人更像人类。故答案选B。
B
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’ interest.
【解题思路】根据题干定位会文章最后一段，根据倒数第二句，可推断出答案选C。
C
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A. He was also to be interviewed B. He needed a travelling companion
C. He always helped people in need D. He was thankful to Jimmy
【解题思路】由第二段内容可推断出老人这么做是出自对Jimmy的感激之情。
【含蓄类】练习：
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $ 2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’, or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think’, ‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victims to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There is a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
01. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes
A. They have bigger night crowds. B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They are less frequently visited. D. They start to serve fast food.
【解题思路】定位回文中第二段，根据划线部分可推出答案选A。
02. What are theme cafes expected to do
A. Save the cafe business. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Create more jobs. D. Serve the neighborhood.
【解题思路】定位回文中第二段，根据黑体部分可推知答案选C。
【三】 态度类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
阅读理解中作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。该类推断题主要可以通过文章中的情感词或者情感句进行推理解答。
1. 通过情感词进行推断
常见情感词：
正向词：support(支持），approve(赞成），approving(赞同的），favorable(支持的），optimistic(乐观的），positive(积极的）helpful(有益的），admiring(羡慕的），concerned(关心的），impressive（给人印象深刻的），sincere(真诚的）,sympathetic(同情的），humorous(幽默的），praising(赞扬的），confident(自信的），interesting（有趣的），caring(在意的，关心的），friendly(友好的）
负向词：critical(批评的），negative（消极的，否定的），defensive(防范的），skeptical（怀疑的），doubtful(怀疑的），disgusted(厌恶的），suspicious(怀疑的），intolerable(无法忍受的），disappointed(失望的），pessimistic(悲观的），depressed(沮丧的），worried(担心的），hostile(敌对的），ironic(讽刺的），sarcastic（挖苦的），cynical(愤世嫉俗的），emotional(易情绪激动的），opposed(反对的），angry(愤怒的），hesitant(犹豫的），indifferent(冷淡的，漠不关心的）
中性词：objective(客观的），serious(严肃的），casual(随意的），cautious(谨慎的），impersonal(不受个人影响的），factual(事实的），neutral(中立的），compromising(妥协的），personal(私人的）
例题分析讲解：
A
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J.k.Rowling John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers
A. favorable. B. uncaring C. doubtful D. friendly
【解题思路】本段的末尾句中“I’ll come clean : I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”有一个形容词astonished（惊讶的），从这个词中，我们可以推断出作者对于这58%的读者的态度是doubtful（怀疑的），因此答案选C。
B
Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make us tire. It sounds absurd. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea
A. He agrees with them. B. He doubts them.
C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them.
【解题思路】在本段的首句” Here is an astonishing and significant fact”中出现两个形容词astonishing（令人感到惊讶）和significant（有意义的）可推断知作者对这个事实的内容是肯定的，所以我们的正确答案为A选项。
练习题：
A
It’s a cruel but entertaining trick which does a highly effective job of promoting LG’s ‘Ultra HD’ televisions. However, some comments online by those who have seen the ad claim(声称) the whole process was not real. They claim actors are playing the parts of applicants and interviewers to promote the company’s latest television.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the TV advertisement
A. Doubtful B. Objective C. Unfavorable D. Passive
B
Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Café has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It’s based on trust, and it’s working all right,” says co-owner Brad Birky, who started the café in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances,” Birky says. SAME’s special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.
The café now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup,” says Birky.
The author’s attitude towards running such a café is_______
A. unfavorable B. approving
C. doubtful D. cautious
例题分析讲解：
A
The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid--we simply weigh too much, and all our mm pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we'd need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate "hitting. “
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a "non-Newtonian" liquid that doesn't behave like normal water. Now, if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles(微粒) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it's still rather messy md better mad about in theory than carried out in practice, if you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink and take a shower afterward!
What is the author's attitude toward the idea of humans' walking on water
A, It is risky but beneficial.
B. It is interesting and worth trying.
C. It is crazy md cannot become a reality.
D. It is impractical thigh theoretically possible.
【解题思路】通过文章前3段可知文章在讨论人类在水中行走的可能性，然后通过文章最后一句可知作者认为人类在水中行走的可能性目前只停留在理论意义上，因此答案选的是D。
B
One morning, Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. She asked Ann if she could keep an eye on the dog. Ann said that she could watch it only for the day.
Tracy took photos of the dog and printed off 400 FOUND fliers（传单）, and put them in mailboxes. Meanwhile, Ann went to the dollar store and bought some pet supplies, warning her two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was recovering from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, whom they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself against the screen door and barked madly at her. As soon as she opened the door, Riley dashed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart attack. Riley ran over to Jack, but as soon as Ann bent over to help him the dog went silent.
If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack would have died, Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, no one had called to claim the dog, so Ann decided to keep it.
What was Ann’s attitude to the dog according to Paragraph 4
A. Sympathetic B. Doubtful C. Tolerant D. Grateful
【解题思路】通过本篇文章最后一段的内容，可以知道如果没有那只狗的及时出现，Jack会死。因此我们可以推断出Ann对这只狗的态度是感激的，答案选错D选项。
练习题:
A
A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high rains, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I’d had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans ” she asked. I said I was, “No charge.” She said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
The garage employee’s attitude toward the author was that of _____ .
unconcern B. sympathy C. doubt D. tolerance
B
At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.
“You may wonder, Sir Percival,” said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除）from ray promise to marry you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father's wishes too much. ”
His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.
“No, if we are going to withdraw. (退出）from our planned marriage, it will be because of your wish, not mine. ”
“Mine ” he said in great surprise. ”What reason could I have for withdrawing ”
“A reason that is very hard to tell you,” she answered. “There is a change in me.”
His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color. He turned his head to one side.
“What change ” he asked, trying to appear calm.
“When the promise was made two years ago”, she said, “my love did not belong to anyone. Will you forgive me, Sir Percival, if I tell you that it now belongs to another person ”
“I wish you to understand”, Laura continued, “that I will never see this person again, and that if you leave me, you only allow me to remain a single woman for the rest of my life. All I ask is that you forgive me and keep my secret.”
“I will do both those things,” he said. Then he looked at Laura, as if he was waiting to hear more.
“I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage”, she added quietly.
“No. You have said enough to make it the best wish of my life to marry you,” he said.
How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura
A. Angry. B. Calm. C. Nervous. D. Excited.
【四】 出处类的推断题的解题方式 ★★☆☆☆
对于阅读理解中的处处类推断题，首先可以先对文章的体裁进行分析，再通过文章的高频词和主旨大意推断出文章的出处。
例题分析讲解：
A
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns；she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Where does this text probably come from
A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.
C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
【解题思路】文章出处推断题，根据文章内容，文章体裁属于科普文。文章在阐述关于新生儿的感知能力的实验过程和结果，通过高频词和关键句（加黑词语）可知我们最可能在一篇科学报告上读到这篇文章，所以正确答案为D。
B
Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone's life If yes, don't care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you'll make it!
Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant
(No Pay with Free Meals)
Place: Manchester
Hours: Part Time
We are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don't miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!
Role:
You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.
Skills and Experience Required:
You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you'll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.
The text is meant to ________
A. leave a note B. send an invitation
C. present a document D. carry an advertisement
【解题思路】文章目的推断，通过加黑词句及全文大意我们很容易发现这是一则招聘志愿者的广告，那么这篇文章的目的就是来发布一则广告。所以正确答案为D. A. 留言条，B .发邀请 C. 发布文件都不对。
C
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（笔记本电脑）.
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.
In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.
The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers’ report said, “While more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
The passage is likely to appear in .
A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook
C. a science magazine D. a finance report
【解题思路】出处判断题，根据文章内容及加黑的高频词，重点句子可知，这是一篇科普文，所以A、D肯定错误，通过两个实验，它比较的是使用电脑做笔记和手写笔记对笔记内容的理解吸收效果，而并没有只是针对computer做实验， 所以B不对，正确答案为C, 这篇文章最可能出现在科学杂志上。
练习题：
A
Most rain forests lie close to the equator where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine. The warmth of the land heats the air above, causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain. The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year. This wet, warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round. The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate. They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves. The wet air then forms clouds, which hang over the treetops like smoke. These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold of nearby deserts, keeping temperatures fit for plant growth
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm, but they have a dry season of three months or morn when little rain falls. Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon (雨季) begins. Thus these areas are known as the “monsoon forest”.
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains. It is often called the “cloud forest” because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees. Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds. When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals’ stomachs and arc passed out in their droppings. The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.
This passage is most likely to be found in ______
A. a travel guide B. a story book
C. a technical report D. a geography book
B
Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼).
Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.
Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.
If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.
She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.
Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”
“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand—but it certainly opens the way to more research.”
It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.
At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.
In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.
The passage is most probably taken from _____.
A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine
C. a research paper D. a personal diary
C
A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.
Grirmsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer（层）of water between the glacier and the volcano This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable, As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava（岩浆） from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.
Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.
The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash- covered grass to the sharp object.
This text is most probably taken from
A. a research paper B. a newspaper report
C. a class presentation D. a geography textbook.
D
Have you ever wondered
1. Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east
It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London bur seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY. The reason for the difference is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet (喷射) stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.
2. What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off
Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures (建筑物) float away What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hours. If you turn something around your head on a string（细绳）, it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. ‘Switching off’ gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth would fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.
Where can we most probably read the text
A. In a research paper B. In a short story
C. In a travel magazine D. In a student’s book
【四】 推断题的选项特征 ★★★☆☆
正确选项特征
1）忠实原文
2）合理推断
错误选项特点
1）无中生有
2）范围过宽或过窄
3）偷换概念
4）是原文信息
5）过度推断
6）主观臆断
7）答非所问
【明显标志词类】例题分析讲解：
A
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
What can we infer about Serval’s children
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth
B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.（ 过度推断）
C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. （过度推断）
D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. （主观臆断）
B
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 7
A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness （原文内容）
B. Psychologists’ opinion is well proved by Grandma’ case （ 偷换概念）
C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings （主观臆断）
D. Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life
C
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house
A. He wanted to have tea there. （过度推断）
B. He was a respectable person. （过度推断）
C. He was treated as a family member. （ 过度推断）
D. He was fully trusted by the family
【明显标志词类】练习：
A
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels 一 and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural l world, some aspect or life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nigh, —dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth, is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further form the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing, Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint including most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.
Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy arching overhead.
It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A. light pollution dose harm to the eyesight of animals （原文信息）
B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages （过度推断）
C. human beings cannot go to the outer space （过度推断）
D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
B
For those who are tired doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smart phone app (application).
Strange though it may seem — “my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this week — Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smart phone through a download able application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s not just something new — the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rate(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do —enable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
We can conclude form Samsung’s statements that ___________.
A. the app connection makes life easier
B. it is better to dry clothes in the morning（主观臆断）
C. Smart phone can shorten the drying time (过度推断）
D. we should refresh clothes back at home （过度推断）
【含蓄类】例题分析讲解：
A
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
How are social robots different from household robots
A. They can control their emotions.（偷换概念）
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework. （偷换概念）
D. They respond to users more slowly. （无中生有）
B
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. （无中生有）
B. To see how babies recognize sounds. （偷换概念）
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies’ interest. （答非所问）
C
One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please, I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A. He was also to be interviewed （无中生有）
B. He needed a traveling companion.（偷换概念）
C. He always helped people in need（主观臆断）
D. He was thankful to Jimmy
【含蓄类】练习：
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $ 2 (plus drinks) per session—are quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels’, or ‘people think’,” Lehanne told them. “Say ‘I think’, ‘Think me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victims to changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s “psychology cafes”, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There is a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn’t be France.
01. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes
A. They have bigger night crowds.
B. They stay open for longer hours.（偷换概念）
C. They are less frequently visited. （答非所问）
D. They start to serve fast food.（答非所问）
02. What are theme cafes expected to do
A. Save the cafe business.（无中生有） B. Supply better drinks. （偷换概念）
C. Create more jobs. D. Serve the neighborhood.（偷换概念）
阅读理解推断题词汇
01. remove v. 移动
【英英解释】If you remove sth, you take it away from the place where it was.
【例句】The tea-ladies came in to remove the cups.
02. likewise adv. 同样地
【英英解释】You use likewise when you are comparing two methods, states, etc. and saying that they are similar.
【例句】In Yugoslavia there was a special local way of doing it, likewise in Italy.
03. gather v. 聚集
【英英解释】If people or animals gather, they come together in a group.
【例句】The children gathered around their teacher.
04. erupt v. （火山）喷发，爆发
【英英解释】When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot ash and steam in a violent and destructive way.
【变形】eruption n. 爆发
【例句】…a volcano on the point of eruption
05. admit v. 承认
【英英解释】If you admit sth, you agree often reluctantly, that it is true.
【例句】I must admit I had my doubts.
【变形】admission n. 承认，允许进入
06. astonish v. 使…惊讶
【英英解释】If sth or someone astonishes you, they surprise you very much.
【例句】We have found much to astonish and delight us.
【变形】astonishment n. 惊讶
07. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
【英英解释】Someone who is generous gives or offers to give more of sth, especially money, than is usual or expected.
【例句】You can give more if you are feeling generous
【变形】generosity n. 大方
08. cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的
【英英解释】Someone who is cautious acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger.
【例句】My mother was a very cautious driver.
09. favorable adj. 赞成的
【英英解释】If your opinion about sth or your reaction to sth is favorable, you like or agree with that thing.
【例句】Her request met with a favorable reponse.
【变形】unfavorable
10. artificial adj. 人造的，人工的
【英英解释】Artificial objects or materials do not occur naturally and are created by people.
【例句】artificial flowers 假花
11. adequate adj. 足够的
【英英解释】If the amount of sth is adequate, there is enough of it, but there is only just enough.
【例句】The pay was adequate.
12. sympathy n. 同情
【英英解释】If you feel or show sympathy for someone who has had a misfortune, you are sorry for them and show it in the way that you behave towards them, especially by being kind to them.
【例句】These people need our help and sympathy.
【变形】sympathetic adj. 同情的
13. indifferent adj. 冷漠的
【英英解释】 If you are indifferent to sth, you have no interest in it and show that you don’t care at all.
【例句】Her eyes assumed a strange indifferent look.
14. essential adj. 必要的，不可或缺的
【英英解释】Sth that is essential is considered to be extremely important or extremely necessary for a particular situation or activity.
【例句】Land is essential for food and for work.
15. evolve v. （生物）进化
【英英解释】When animals, plants, insects, etc. evolve, they gradually change and develop into different forms.
【例句】The early fish have evolved into some thirty thousand different species.
【变形】evolution n. 进化 evolutionary adj. 进化的
16. distinguish v. 辨别，分辨
【英英解释】If you can distinguish one thing from another thing or distinguish between two things, you can see or understand the difference between them.
【例句】The child was unable to distinguish between the letters b and p.
17. victim n. 受害者
【英英解释】A victim is someone who has been heard or killed by someone or sth.
【例句】Most of the victims were children.
18. appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的
【英英解释】Sth that is appropriate is correct, suitable, or acceptable.
【例句】It seemed appropriate to end with a joke.
【变形】inappropriate adj. 不适合的
19. optimistic adj. 乐观的，积极的
【英英解释】Someone who is optimistic is hopeful about future, and believes that things will happen in the best possible way.
【例句】He is an optimistic man.
【反义词】pessimistic adj. 悲观的，消极的
20. disabled adj. 残疾的
【英英解释】Someone who is disabled has an illness or an injury that restricts the way that they can live their life, especially by making it difficult for them to move about.
【例句】She has to look after a disabled relative.
阅读理解推断题题长难句
01. UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.
【分析】本句中的动词explain后面含有一个how引导的宾语从句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.这个从句中有一个比较从句most of us ever imagined。
02. For humans to do this, we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting”.
【分析】本句用For 来引出对象和行为，“对于人类要做到这个”。 we’d=we would, 后面用that引导的一个定语从句，先行词为huge feet., that 关系代词在后面从句中做bring up 的宾语，in order to 表目的。“adequate”的意思为“足够的”。
03. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the opposite direction.
【分析】重点单词短语：constant不变的，恒定的，经常的；thus因此，opposite相反的，对立的。moving是由非谓语做定语修饰the planes，when引导的时间状语从句，从句中包含一个比较级。
04. Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.
【分析】重难点单词短语：result from：起因于，由….造成。juvenile青少年的，ahead提前，violent猛烈的，暴力的。本句中间破折号所引内容“thought to be the first….”为插入语，observation后“that juvenile…2001”引导的是一个定语从句，修饰observation。
05. If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet.
【分析】本句先是一个“主句为一般过去式从句为过去将来时的”条件状语从句， if we were......, we would go ....... ， 这个条件为“If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars”，结果为后面两个分句。第二个分句又是一个使用了as... as来表示同级比较，表示“午夜对我们的可见性与对大量的夜视动物是一样的。”
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