资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台中考英语代词复习学案一、代词分类及核心用法(一)人称代词定义:指代人或物的代词,分主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语)。 主格:I(我)、you(你/你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们/她们/它们)。例:She is a teacher.(作主语) 宾格:me(我)、you(你/你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、them(他们/她们/它们)。例:Let us help you.(作宾语)易混点: 并列主语中,人称代词顺序通常为“第二人称→第三人称→第一人称”(you→he/she→I)。例:You and he are good friends.(你和他是好朋友。) 动词/介词后需用宾格,如:between you and me(在你我之间)。(二)物主代词定义:表示所属关系,分形容词性物主代词(作定语)和名词性物主代词(作主语/宾语/表语)。 形容词性:my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的/她们的/它们的)。例:This is my book.(作定语,后接名词) 名词性:mine(我的)、yours(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的)。例:The book is mine.(作表语,后不接名词)核心语法: 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。例:This pen is hers. = This is her pen.(这支笔是她的。)(三)反身代词定义:表示“某人自己”,由“形容词性物主代词/宾格 + self/selves”构成。 单数:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)。 复数:ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己/她们自己/它们自己)。常见搭配: enjoy oneself(玩得开心):We enjoyed ourselves at the party. help oneself to(随便吃/用):Help yourself to some fruit. teach oneself(自学):He taught himself English.(四)指示代词定义:指代人或事物,分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)。 this/these:近指(这个/这些)。例:This is my desk. These are my books. that/those:远指(那个/那些),可指代上文提到的事物。例:That is a car. Those are trees over there. 特殊用法:比较级中,用that指代单数名词,those指代复数名词,避免重复。例:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(北京的天气比广州的冷。)(五)不定代词定义:不具体指代某个人或物,常见词如下: 肯定含义:some(一些,多用于肯定句)、any(一些,多用于否定/疑问句,也可表“任何”)、many(许多,修饰可数名词)、much(许多,修饰不可数名词)、few(几乎没有,修饰可数名词,表否定)、a few(一些,修饰可数名词,表肯定)、little(几乎没有,修饰不可数名词,表否定)、a little(一点,修饰不可数名词,表肯定)、each(每个,强调个体)、every(每个,强调整体)、other(其他的)、another(三者及以上中的另一个)、both(两者都)、all(三者及以上都)。 否定含义:none(没有一个,可指人或物,常与of连用)、neither(两者都不)、either(两者中的任意一个)。易混辨析:1. some vs. any: some用于肯定句,any用于否定/疑问句,但在表示请求或建议的疑问句中(如Would you like... ),仍用some。例:I have some apples.(肯定句)Do you have any milk (疑问句)Would you like some coffee (表请求)2. few/a few vs. little/a little: few/a few修饰可数名词,little/a little修饰不可数名词;带a表肯定,不带a表否定。例:There are few eggs in the fridge.(冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了。)There is a little water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一点水。)3. each vs. every: each可作代词或形容词,可指两者或多者,强调个体,可与of连用;every仅作形容词,指三者及以上,强调整体,不可与of连用。例:Each of us has a book.(我们每个人都有一本书。)Every student likes the teacher.(每个学生都喜欢这位老师。)(六)疑问代词定义:用于提问,常见词:what(什么)、who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)。 例:What is your name (提问事物)Who is standing there (提问人,作主语)Whom did you meet yesterday (提问人,作宾语,口语中可用who代替)二、易混考点突破(一)it/one/that的区别 it:指代上文提到的同一事物(同名同物)。例:I have a pen. It is black.(同一支笔) one:指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个(同名异物),表泛指。例:I need a pen. I’ll buy one.(任意一支笔) that:指代上文提到的同类事物,用于比较结构中,避免重复,可指代单数或不可数名词。例:The price of this car is lower than that of that car.(指代“价格”)(二)both/either/neither的用法含义 范围 搭配 例句both 两者都 both...and...(肯定) Both Tom and Lily like music.either 两者中的任意一个 either...or...(就近原则) Either you or he is right.neither 两者都不 neither...nor...(就近原则) Neither she nor I am a teacher.三、实战训练(一)用适当的代词填空1. ______ (I) am a student. ______ (they) teacher is Mr. Li.2. Is this ______ (you) book No, ______ (my) is on the desk.3. The boys are enjoying ______ (they) in the park.4. ______ (this) are my shoes, and ______ (that) are yours.5. There is ______ (little) milk left. Let’s buy ______ (some).(二)改错(每句一处错误)1. He is older than me. __________2. This is hers bag. __________3. Each of they likes playing games. __________4. I have few money, so I can’t buy it. __________5. Neither of the answer is right. __________四、备考策略1. 分类记忆:按人称代词、物主代词等类别梳理用法,对比易混点(如it/one/that)。2. 固定搭配:牢记反身代词搭配(如help oneself)和不定代词的常用结构(如either...or...)。3. 语境分析:做题时先判断指代对象(人/物、单数/复数、特指/泛指),再选择合适的代词。答案示例:(一)1. I; Their 2. your; mine 3. themselves 4. These; those 5. little; some(二)1. me→I(作主语) 2. hers→her 3. they→them 4. few→little 5. answer→answers21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览