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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 2 Home sweet home
一、语法考点
（一）Can/Could 引导的请求与许可句型
1. 表示请求
①结构：Can/Could you please + 动词原形 + 其他？其中，Could you
please... 比 Can you please... 语气更委婉。
②回答：肯定回答常用 “Sure./Of course./No problem.” 等；否定回答常用
“Sorry, but...” 并说明理由。例如：Could you please sweep the floor （你能
扫一下地吗？）Sure. I'll do it right away.（当然，我马上就做。）
2. 表示请求许可
①结构：Can/Could I + 动词原形 + 其他？同样，Could I... 语气更委婉。
②回答：肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”；否定回答用 “Sorry, you can't.” 或
“Sorry, but...”。例如：Could I hang out with my friends after school （放学
后我能和朋友们出去玩吗？）Sorry, you can't. You have to finish your
homework first.（抱歉，你不能。你得先完成作业。）
（二）一般现在时表将来
在一些表示位移的动词（如 go, come, leave, arrive 等）中，常用一般现
在时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，通常会有表示将来的时间状语。例如：
The train leaves at 6:30 tomorrow morning.（火车明天早上 6:30 发车。）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. chore：可数名词，意为 “杂务；家务劳动” ，常用复数形式 chores。例
如：I have a lot of chores to do on weekends.（我周末有很多家务要做。）
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2. sweep：动词，意为 “打扫；清扫”，过去式为 swept。常见短语 sweep the
floor（扫地）。例如：My mother asks me to sweep the floor every day.
（妈妈让我每天扫地。）
3. floor：名词，意为 “地板；地面” 。也可表示 “楼层” ，英式英语中与序
数词连用时，the 常置于序数词前；美式英语中 the 常省略。例如：There
is a book on the floor.（地板上有一本书。）The library is on the second
floor.（图书馆在二楼。）
4. borrow：动词，意为 “借；借用” ，常用结构 borrow sth. from sb.（从
某人那里借某物） 。例如：I often borrow books from the library.（我经
常从图书馆借书。）
5. lend：动词，意为 “借给；借出” ，常用结构 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
（把某物借给某人） 。例如：Can you lend your pen to me = Can you
lend me your pen （你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？）
6. invite：动词，意为 “邀请” ，名词形式为 invitation。常见短语 invite sb.
to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）；invite sb. to + 地点（邀请某人去某地）。
例如：I want to invite my friends to my birthday party.（我想邀请我的朋
友们参加我的生日派对。）
7. prepare：动词，意为 “使做好准备；把…… 准备好” ，常见短语 prepare
for（为…… 做准备）；prepare sth（. 准备某物）。例如：We are preparing
for the exam.（我们正在为考试做准备。）
8. reason：可数名词，意为 “原因；理由” 。例如：The reason for his being
late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。）
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9. neighbor：可数名词，意为 “邻居” 。例如：My neighbor is very kind.
（我的邻居非常友善。）
10. care：动词，意为 “在意；担忧；关心” ，常见短语 care about（关心；
在意）；care for（照顾；照料） 。例如：We should care about the
environment.（我们应该关心环境。）
（二）重点短语
1. help out：意为 “帮助分担工作、解决难题等” 。例如：I often help out with
housework at home.（我在家经常帮忙做家务。）
2. in order to：意为 “目的是；为了” ，后接动词原形，引导目的状语。例
如：He gets up early in order to catch the early bus.（他早起是为了赶上
早班车。）
3. depend on：意为 “依靠；信赖” 。例如：Children should not depend too
much on their parents.（孩子们不应该过于依赖他们的父母。）
4. take care of：意为 “照顾；照料” ，等同于 look after。例如：We should
take care of the old.（我们应该照顾老人。）
5. as a result：意为 “结果；因此” ，常位于句首，并用逗号与句子其他部
分隔开。例如：He didn't study hard. As a result, he failed the exam.（他
学习不努力。结果，他考试不及格。）
三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
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1. — Could you please ________ the floor It's dirty.
— Sure.
A. sweeping B. sweep C. to sweep D. swept
答案：B
解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，所以选 B。
2. — Can I ________ your bike
— Sorry, I've lent it to Tom.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
答案：A
解析：根据回答可知是询问能否借对方的自行车，borrow 表示 “借入”，lend
表示 “借出”，所以选 A。
3. — ________ I invite my friends to the party
— Sure. But you should clean the room first.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should
答案：C
解析：此处是请求许可，询问是否能邀请朋友参加派对，用 Can I... 句型，
所以选 C。
4. My mother often asks me ________ the dishes after dinner.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. does
答案：B
解析：ask sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “让某人做某事”，所以选 B。
5. — Could you help me ________ the books to the classroom
— No problem.
A. take B. taking C. takes D. took
答案：A
解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”，所以用动词原形 take，
选 A。
6. —What are you doing, Li Ming
— I'm ________ my pen. I can't find it.
A. looking at B. looking for C. looking after D. looking like
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答案：B
解析：根据 “I can't find it.” 可知是在找钢笔，look for 意为 “寻找”，所以
选 B。
7. —Why didn't you go to the party last night
— Because I had to ________ my sick mother at home.
A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after
答案：D
解析：根据 “my sick mother” 可知是要照顾生病的妈妈，look after 意为
“照顾”，所以选 D。
8. — Could you please not ________ noise here The baby is sleeping.
— Sorry, we won't.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
答案：A
解析：Could you please not 后接动词原形，make noise 意为 “制造噪音”，
所以选 A。
9. My father ________ home at 6:00 p.m. every day.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
答案：B
解析：由 every day 可知用一般现在时，主语 My father 是第三人称单数，
动词用第三人称单数形式 arrives，所以选 B。
10.— Can I use your dictionary
— ________. Here you are.
A. Of course not B. I'm sorry C. Of course D. No, you can't
答案：C
解析：根据 “Here you are.” 可知同意对方使用字典，Of course 意为 “当然
可以”，所以选 C。
11.— ________ do you clean your room
— Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
答案：B
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解析：根据 “Once a week.” 可知询问频率，用 How often，所以选 B。
12.We should ________ our parents. They work hard for us.
A. care about B. hear about C. talk about D. learn about
答案：A
解析：care about 意为 “关心”，hear about 意为 “听说”，talk about 意为
“谈论”，learn about 意为 “了解”，此处表示应该关心父母，所以选 A。
13.— Could you tell me how to get to the library
— ________. I'm new here, too.
A. Sure B. I'm sorry C. No problem D. Of course
答案：B
解析：因为回答者也是新来的，无法提供帮助，所以用 I'm sorry 表示歉意，
选 B。
14.My sister often helps me ________ my English.
A. with B. for C. in D. at
答案：A
解析：help sb. with sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “在某方面帮助某人”，所以选 A。
15.— Can I have some more bread
— ________. There's still a lot left.
A. No, you can't B. Of course not C. Yes, you can D. That's all right
答案：C
解析：根据 “There's still a lot left.” 可知还有很多面包，同意对方再吃一些，
所以选 C。
16.— Could you please pass me the book
— ________.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure. Here you are D. I can't
答案：C
解析：对于 Could you please... 的肯定回答常用 Sure. Here you are 等，
所以选 C。A、B 选项回答方式错误；D 选项没有 C 选项礼貌。
17. He got up early ________ catch the early bus.
A. in order to B. so that C. because D. because of
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答案：A
解析：in order to 后接动词原形，表示目的；so that 后接从句；because 后
接从句；because of 后接名词、代词或动名词。此处 catch 是动词原形，
所以选 A。
18.— Do you often do chores at home
— Yes. I often ________ the clothes.
A. do B. make C. fold D. take
答案：C
解析：fold the clothes 意为 “叠衣服”，是做家务的一种，所以选 C。
19.— ________ I leave now
— No, you can't. You have to finish your work first.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Can
答案：D
解析：根据回答可知是请求许可，用 Can I... 句型，所以选 D。
20.My neighbor is a kind woman. She often ________ me with my problems.
A. helps B. help C. helping D. to help
答案：A
解析：由 often 可知用一般现在时，主语 She 是第三人称单数，动词用第
三人称单数形式 helps，所以选 A。
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Could you please ________ (clean) your room It's a mess.
答案：clean
解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，所以填 clean。
2. My mother often asks me ________ (help) her with housework.
答案：to help
解析：ask sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，所以填 to help。
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3. I need ________ (borrow) some money from my friend because I left my wallet
at home.
答案：to borrow
解析：need 作实义动词时，常用结构为 need to do sth.，所以填 to borrow。
4. He ________ (sweep) the floor an hour ago.
答案：swept
解析：由 an hour ago 可知用一般过去时，sweep 的过去式是 swept，所
以填 swept。
5. We should learn ________ (take) care of ourselves.
答案：to take
解析：learn to do sth. 意为 “学习做某事”，所以填 to take。
6. My sister is good at ________ (fold) the clothes.
答案：folding
解析：be good at 后接动词的动名词形式，所以填 folding。
7. Could you please not ________ (play) computer games It's time to go to bed.
答案：play
解析：Could you please not 后接动词原形，所以填 play。
8. She often helps her mother ________ (do) the dishes after dinner.
答案：(to) do
解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”，所以填 (to) do。
9. My father ________ (not arrive) home until 8:00 p.m. yesterday.
答案：didn't arrive
解析：由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，否定句借助 didn't，后接动词原形
arrive，所以填 didn't arrive。
10.We are looking forward to ________ (invite) our friends to our new house.
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答案：inviting
解析：look forward to 后接动词的动名词形式，所以填 inviting。
11. It's important for us ________ (learn) English well.
答案：to learn
解析：It's + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “对某人来说
做某事是…… 的”，所以填 to learn。
12. He is busy ________ (prepare) for the exam these days.
答案：preparing
解析：be busy doing sth. 意为 “忙于做某事”，所以填 preparing。
13. She ________ (lend) her book to me last week.
答案：lent
解析：由 last week 可知用一般过去时，lend 的过去式是 lent，所以填 lent。
14.My mother asked me ________ (not make) noise in the library.
答案：not to make
解析：ask sb. not to do sth. 意为 “让某人不要做某事”，所以填 not to make。
15.We should care more about ________ (other).
答案：others
解析：others 意为 “其他人”，此处表示应该多关心他人，所以填 others。
16. I'm sorry for ________ (be) late for class again.
答案：being
解析：for 是介词，后接动词的动名词形式，所以填 being。
17.My neighbor's son always helps me ________ (carry) heavy things.
答案：(to) carry
解析：help sb. (to) do sth. 表示 “帮助某人做某事”，所以填 (to) carry。
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18. She needs ________ (buy) some new clothes for the party.
答案：to buy
解析：need 作实义动词时，常用结构为 need to do sth.，所以填 to buy。
19.My father often tells me ________ (clean) my room by myself.
答案：to clean
解析：tell sb. to do sth. 意为 “告诉某人做某事”，所以填 to clean。
20. They ________ (go) to the park tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
答案：will go
解析：由 tomorrow 可知用一般将来时，if 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将
从现” 原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，所以填 will go。
（三）阅读理解
When we talk about home, we often think of its warmth and comfort. A
home is not just a building where we live; it's a place full of love and care.
In my family, we all do our part to make our home a better place. My
mother always keeps the house clean. She sweeps the floor and cleans the
rooms every day. She also cooks delicious meals for us. My father often helps
with the heavier chores. He takes out the rubbish and fixes things around the
house when they are broken.
As for me, I usually help with some small chores. I feed the fish and water
the plants. Sometimes, I also help my mother set the table before dinner. On
weekends, my parents and I often clean up the house together. We work as a
team, and it makes our home look tidy and beautiful.
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We also like to decorate our home. We hang up photos of our family on the
walls. These photos show our happy moments together. We also put some
flowers in the living room. They make the house smell nice and feel more
comfortable.
Home is where we feel safe and loved. We should all do something to
make our homes better.
1. ( )What does the writer think of home
A. It's just a building.
B. It's a place full of love and comfort.
C. It's only a place to live.
D. It's a place with many chores.
答案：B
解析：根据文章第一段 “A home is not just a building where we live; it's a
place full of love and care.” 可知，作者认为家是充满爱和关怀的地方，B 选
项正确。A 选项 “只是一座建筑” 和 C 选项 “只是居住的地方” 与原文不符；
D 选项 “有很多家务的地方” 不是作者对家的主要看法，所以选 B。
2. ( )What does the writer's mother do at home
A. She takes out the rubbish.
B. She fixes things around the house.
C. She keeps the house clean and cooks meals.
D. She feeds the fish and waters the plants.
答案：C
解析：从文章第二段 “My mother always keeps the house clean. She
sweeps the floor and cleans the rooms every day. She also cooks delicious
meals for us.” 可知，作者的妈妈保持房子干净并且做饭，C 选项正确。A 选
项 “倒垃圾” 和 B 选项 “修理房子周围的东西” 是作者爸爸做的；D 选项
“喂鱼和浇花” 是作者做的，所以选 C。
3. ( )What small chores does the writer usually do
A. He helps his mother clean the rooms.
B. He takes out the rubbish.
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C. He feeds the fish and waters the plants.
D. He helps his father fix things.
答案：C
解析：根据文章第三段 “As for me, I usually help with some small chores. I
feed the fish and water the plants.” 可知，作者通常做的小家务是喂鱼和浇
花，C 选项正确。A 选项 “帮妈妈打扫房间”、B 选项 “倒垃圾” 和 D 选项
“帮爸爸修理东西” 在文中均未提及是作者做的，所以选 C。
4. ( )How do they make their home look tidy and beautiful
A. They buy a lot of new furniture.
B. They clean up the house together on weekends.
C. They invite friends to help.
D. They only let the mother clean the house.
答案：B
解析：由文章第三段 “On weekends, my parents and I often clean up the
house together. We work as a team, and it makes our home look tidy and
beautiful.” 可知，他们周末一起打扫房子让家看起来整洁漂亮，B 选项正确。
A 选项 “买很多新家具”、C 选项 “邀请朋友帮忙” 和 D 选项 “只让妈妈打
扫房子” 在文中均未提及，所以选 B。
5. ( )Why do they hang up photos on the walls
A. Because the photos show their happy moments together.
B. Because the photos are very expensive.
C. Because they want to make the house look bigger.
D. Because they like taking photos.
答案：A
解析：从文章第四段 “We hang up photos of our family on the walls. These
photos show our happy moments together.” 可知，他们在墙上挂照片是因
为照片展示了他们在一起的快乐时光，A 选项正确。B 选项 “照片很贵”、C
选项 “让房子看起来更大” 和 D 选项 “他们喜欢拍照” 在文中均未提及，所
以选 A。
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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 2 Home sweet home
一、语法考点
（一）Can/Could 引导的请求与许可句型
1. 表示请求
①结构：Can/Could you please + 动词原形 + 其他？其中，Could you
please... 比 Can you please... 语气更委婉。
②回答：肯定回答常用 “Sure./Of course./No problem.” 等；否定回答常用
“Sorry, but...” 并说明理由。例如：Could you please sweep the floor （你能
扫一下地吗？）Sure. I'll do it right away.（当然，我马上就做。）
2. 表示请求许可
①结构：Can/Could I + 动词原形 + 其他？同样，Could I... 语气更委婉。
②回答：肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”；否定回答用 “Sorry, you can't.” 或
“Sorry, but...”。例如：Could I hang out with my friends after school （放学
后我能和朋友们出去玩吗？）Sorry, you can't. You have to finish your
homework first.（抱歉，你不能。你得先完成作业。）
（二）一般现在时表将来
在一些表示位移的动词（如 go, come, leave, arrive 等）中，常用一般现
在时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，通常会有表示将来的时间状语。例如：
The train leaves at 6:30 tomorrow morning.（火车明天早上 6:30 发车。）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. chore：可数名词，意为 “杂务；家务劳动” ，常用复数形式 chores。例
如：I have a lot of chores to do on weekends.（我周末有很多家务要做。）
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2. sweep：动词，意为 “打扫；清扫”，过去式为 swept。常见短语 sweep the
floor（扫地）。例如：My mother asks me to sweep the floor every day.
（妈妈让我每天扫地。）
3. floor：名词，意为 “地板；地面” 。也可表示 “楼层” ，英式英语中与序
数词连用时，the 常置于序数词前；美式英语中 the 常省略。例如：There
is a book on the floor.（地板上有一本书。）The library is on the second
floor.（图书馆在二楼。）
4. borrow：动词，意为 “借；借用” ，常用结构 borrow sth. from sb.（从
某人那里借某物） 。例如：I often borrow books from the library.（我经
常从图书馆借书。）
5. lend：动词，意为 “借给；借出” ，常用结构 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.
（把某物借给某人） 。例如：Can you lend your pen to me = Can you
lend me your pen （你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？）
6. invite：动词，意为 “邀请” ，名词形式为 invitation。常见短语 invite sb.
to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）；invite sb. to + 地点（邀请某人去某地）。
例如：I want to invite my friends to my birthday party.（我想邀请我的朋
友们参加我的生日派对。）
7. prepare：动词，意为 “使做好准备；把…… 准备好” ，常见短语 prepare
for（为…… 做准备）；prepare sth（. 准备某物）。例如：We are preparing
for the exam.（我们正在为考试做准备。）
8. reason：可数名词，意为 “原因；理由” 。例如：The reason for his being
late is that he missed the bus.（他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。）
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9. neighbor：可数名词，意为 “邻居” 。例如：My neighbor is very kind.
（我的邻居非常友善。）
10. care：动词，意为 “在意；担忧；关心” ，常见短语 care about（关心；
在意）；care for（照顾；照料） 。例如：We should care about the
environment.（我们应该关心环境。）
（二）重点短语
1. help out：意为 “帮助分担工作、解决难题等” 。例如：I often help out with
housework at home.（我在家经常帮忙做家务。）
2. in order to：意为 “目的是；为了” ，后接动词原形，引导目的状语。例
如：He gets up early in order to catch the early bus.（他早起是为了赶上
早班车。）
3. depend on：意为 “依靠；信赖” 。例如：Children should not depend too
much on their parents.（孩子们不应该过于依赖他们的父母。）
4. take care of：意为 “照顾；照料” ，等同于 look after。例如：We should
take care of the old.（我们应该照顾老人。）
5. as a result：意为 “结果；因此” ，常位于句首，并用逗号与句子其他部
分隔开。例如：He didn't study hard. As a result, he failed the exam.（他
学习不努力。结果，他考试不及格。）
三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
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1. — Could you please ________ the floor It's dirty.
— Sure.
A. sweeping B. sweep C. to sweep D. swept
2. — Can I ________ your bike
— Sorry, I've lent it to Tom.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
3. — ________ I invite my friends to the party
— Sure. But you should clean the room first.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should
4. My mother often asks me ________ the dishes after dinner.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. does
5. — Could you help me ________ the books to the classroom
— No problem.
A. take B. taking C. takes D. took
6. —What are you doing, Li Ming
— I'm ________ my pen. I can't find it.
A. looking at B. looking for C. looking after D. looking like
7. —Why didn't you go to the party last night
— Because I had to ________ my sick mother at home.
A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after
8. — Could you please not ________ noise here The baby is sleeping.
— Sorry, we won't.
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
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9. My father ________ home at 6:00 p.m. every day.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive
10.— Can I use your dictionary
— ________. Here you are.
A. Of course not B. I'm sorry C. Of course D. No, you can't
11.— ________ do you clean your room
— Once a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
12.We should ________ our parents. They work hard for us.
A. care about B. hear about C. talk about D. learn about
13.— Could you tell me how to get to the library
— ________. I'm new here, too.
A. Sure B. I'm sorry C. No problem D. Of course
14.My sister often helps me ________ my English.
A. with B. for C. in D. at
15.— Can I have some more bread
— ________. There's still a lot left.
A. No, you can't B. Of course not C. Yes, you can D. That's all right
16.— Could you please pass me the book
— ________.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure. Here you are D. I can't
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17. He got up early ________ catch the early bus.
A. in order to B. so that C. because D. because of
18.— Do you often do chores at home
— Yes. I often ________ the clothes.
A. do B. make C. fold D. take
19.— ________ I leave now
— No, you can't. You have to finish your work first.
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Can
20.My neighbor is a kind woman. She often ________ me with my problems.
A. helps B. help C. helping D. to help
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Could you please ________ (clean) your room It's a mess.
2. My mother often asks me ________ (help) her with housework.
3. I need ________ (borrow) some money from my friend because I left my wallet
at home.
4. He ________ (sweep) the floor an hour ago.
5. We should learn ________ (take) care of ourselves.
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6. My sister is good at ________ (fold) the clothes.
7. Could you please not ________ (play) computer games It's time to go to bed.
8. She often helps her mother ________ (do) the dishes after dinner.
9. My father ________ (not arrive) home until 8:00 p.m. yesterday.
10.We are looking forward to ________ (invite) our friends to our new house.
11. It's important for us ________ (learn) English well.
12. He is busy ________ (prepare) for the exam these days.
13. She ________ (lend) her book to me last week.
14.My mother asked me ________ (not make) noise in the library.
15.We should care more about ________ (other).
16. I'm sorry for ________ (be) late for class again.
17.My neighbor's son always helps me ________ (carry) heavy things.
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18. She needs ________ (buy) some new clothes for the party.
19.My father often tells me ________ (clean) my room by myself.
20. They ________ (go) to the park tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
（三）阅读理解
When we talk about home, we often think of its warmth and comfort. A
home is not just a building where we live; it's a place full of love and care.
In my family, we all do our part to make our home a better place. My
mother always keeps the house clean. She sweeps the floor and cleans the
rooms every day. She also cooks delicious meals for us. My father often helps
with the heavier chores. He takes out the rubbish and fixes things around the
house when they are broken.
As for me, I usually help with some small chores. I feed the fish and water
the plants. Sometimes, I also help my mother set the table before dinner. On
weekends, my parents and I often clean up the house together. We work as a
team, and it makes our home look tidy and beautiful.
We also like to decorate our home. We hang up photos of our family on
the walls. These photos show our happy moments together. We also put some
flowers in the living room. They make the house smell nice and feel more
comfortable.
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Home is where we feel safe and loved. We should all do something to
make our homes better.
1. ( )What does the writer think of home
A. It's just a building.
B. It's a place full of love and comfort.
C. It's only a place to live.
D. It's a place with many chores.
2. ( )What does the writer's mother do at home
A. She takes out the rubbish.
B. She fixes things around the house.
C. She keeps the house clean and cooks meals.
D. She feeds the fish and waters the plants.
3. ( )What small chores does the writer usually do
A. He helps his mother clean the rooms.
B. He takes out the rubbish.
C. He feeds the fish and waters the plants.
D. He helps his father fix things.
4. ( )How do they make their home look tidy and beautiful
A. They buy a lot of new furniture.
B. They clean up the house together on weekends.
C. They invite friends to help.
D. They only let the mother clean the house.
5. ( )Why do they hang up photos on the walls
A. Because the photos show their happy moments together.
B. Because the photos are very expensive.
C. Because they want to make the house look bigger.
D. Because they like taking photos.
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