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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
一、语法考点
（一）形容词和副词的最高级
1. 构成规则
①一般在词尾加 -est。例如：tall - tallest，short - shortest。
②以字母 e 结尾的词，加 -st。例如：nice - nicest，fine - finest。
③重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -est。
例如：big - biggest，hot - hottest。
④以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 y 改为 i，再加 -est。例如：
happy - happiest，early - earliest。
⑤多音节词和部分双音节词在前面加 most。例如： interesting - most
interesting，outgoing - most outgoing。
2. 用法：用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示 “最……”。常与表示范围的短语或从句
连用，如 in...（在…… 范围内）、of...（在…… 之中）等。
①形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 the，副词最高级前 the 可省略。例如：
He is the tallest boy in our class.（他是我们班最高的男孩。）
She runs (the) fastest in her school.（她在学校里跑得最快。）
②常见句型：
“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”。
例如：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the world.
（长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。）
“Which/Who... + 最高级，A, B or C ” 用于在三者或三者以上中进行
选择。例如：Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth
（太阳、月亮和地球，哪一个最大？）
（二）倍数表达法
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1. “A + be + 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B” 表示 “A 是 B 的几倍”。例如：
This room is three times as big as that one.（这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。）
2. “A + be + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B” 表示 “A 比 B 大 / 长 / 高等
几倍”。例如：The Yangtze River is about twice longer than the Pearl River.（长
江大约比珠江长两倍。）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. adj. 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的。常用来修饰
物。例如：The movie has an amazing ending.（这部电影有一个令人惊叹的结
局。）
2. old 的最高级，意为 “最古老的；年纪最大的”。例如：This is the oldest
building in the city.（这是这座城市里最古老的建筑。）
3. heavy 的最高级，意为 “最重的”。例如：The elephant is the heaviest
animal on land.（大象是陆地上最重的动物。）
4. fast 的最高级，意为 “最快的”。例如：The cheetah is the fastest animal
on land.（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。）
5. beautiful 的最高级，意为 “最美丽的”。例如：She is the most
beautiful girl in our school.（她是我们学校最漂亮的女孩。）
6. adj. 受欢迎的；普遍的；流行的。比较级为 more popular，最高级
为 most popular。例如：Football is a very popular sport.（足球是一项非常受
欢迎的运动。）
7. adj. 有用的；有益的。比较级为 more useful，最高级为 most useful。
例如：A dictionary is a useful tool for learning languages.（字典是学习语言的
有用工具。）
8. v. 创造；创作；创建。例如：The artist created a beautiful painting.
（这位艺术家创作了一幅美丽的画作。）
9. v. 交流；沟通。名词形式为 communication。例如：We
communicate with each other by email.（我们通过电子邮件相互交流。）
10. v. 保护；防护。例如：We should protect the environment.（我们应
该保护环境。）
（二）重点短语
1. 表示 “最…… 之一”。例如：China
is one of the largest countries in the world.（中国是世界上最大的国家之一。）
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2. 在世界上。例如：What's the biggest animal in the world （世
界上最大的动物是什么？）
3. 在…… 中起重要作用。例如：Trees play an
important part in keeping the air clean.（树木在保持空气清洁方面起着重要作
用。）
4. 因为；由于。后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：He didn't go to school
because of his illness.（他因为生病没去上学。）
5. 照顾；照料。等同于 take care of。例如：We should look after our
parents when they are old.（父母年老时我们应该照顾他们。）
三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
1. The blue whale is ________ animal in the world.
A. the largest B. largest C. larger D. large
答案：A
解析：在世界范围内进行比较，且表示 “最大的”，要用形容词最高级，最高
级前要加 the，所以选 A。
2. Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest
答案：C
解析：在太阳、月亮和地球三者之间进行比较，要用最高级，最高级前要加
the，所以选 C。
3. This is one of ________ books in our library.
A. the most popular B. most popular C. more popular D. popular
答案：A
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
popular 的最高级是 most popular，前面要加 the，所以选 A。
4. My sister runs ________ in her class.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
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答案：C
解析：in her class 表示范围，在班级里比较跑步速度，用最高级，副词最
高级前 the 可省略，但此处加上 the 也正确，所以选 C。
5. Which city is ________, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. most beautiful
答案：C
解析：在三个城市之间比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，所以选 C。
6. The cheetah runs ________ among all land animals.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
答案：C
解析：among all land animals 表示范围，在所有陆地动物中比较速度，用
最高级，副词最高级前 the 可省略，但加上 the 更规范，所以选 C。
7. This is ________ interesting story I have ever heard.
A. the more B. more C. the most D. most
答案：C
解析：根据 “I have ever heard”（我曾经听过的）可知，是在众多听过的故
事中进行比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，所以选 C。
8. He is ________ student in our class.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
答案：D
解析：in our class 表示范围，在班级里比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
所以选 D。
9. Which is ________ season in your hometown
A. good B. better C. the best D. best
答案：C
解析：一年有四季，在多个季节中进行比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
所以选 C。
10. The Yellow River is one of ________ rivers in China.
A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest
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答案：C
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
long 的最高级是 the longest，所以选 C。
11. The movie is ________ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
答案：B
解析：由 than 可知，两者比较用比较级，interesting 是多音节词，其比较
级是 more interesting，所以选 B。
12. She is ________ girl in our school.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
答案：D
解析：in our school 表示范围，在学校里比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
所以选 D。
13.Which subject do you like ________, math, English or Chinese
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
答案：C
解析：在数学、英语和语文三者之间比较喜欢的程度，用最高级，副词最高
级前 the 可省略，所以选 C。
14. The book is ________ of all.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
答案：D
解析：of all 表示范围，在所有的书当中比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
所以选 D。
15. This is ________ expensive shirt in the shop.
A. an B. a C. the most D. most
答案：C
解析：in the shop 表示范围，在商店里比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
expensive 的最高级是 the most expensive，所以选 C。
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16.My mother is ________ in my family.
A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. busiest
答案：C
解析：in my family 表示范围，在家庭中比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
busy 的最高级是 the busiest，所以选 C。
17.Which is ________, a bike, a car or a plane
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
答案：C
解析：在自行车、汽车和飞机三者之间比较速度，用最高级，最高级前要加
the，所以选 C。
18. The weather in Beijing is ________ than that in Guangzhou in winter.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest
答案：B
解析：由 than 可知，两者比较用比较级，cold 的比较级是 colder，所以
选 B。
19. He is ________ boy in our class.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
答案：D
解析：in our class 表示范围，在班级里比较，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，
所以选 D。
20.Which is ________ mountain in the world
A. high B. higher C. the highest D. highest
答案：C
解析：在世界范围内比较山的高度，用最高级，最高级前要加 the，所以选
C。
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The redwood tree is one of the ________ (tall) trees in the world.
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答案：tallest
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
tall 的最高级是 tallest。
2. Among all the animals, the blue whale is the ________ (heavy).
答案：heaviest
解析：Among all the animals 表示在所有动物中进行比较，用最高级，heavy
的最高级是 heaviest。
3. Which is the ________ (large), the sun, the moon or the earth
答案：largest
解析：在太阳、月亮和地球三者之间比较大小，用最高级，large 的最高级
是 largest。
4. I think pandas are the ________ (cute) animals in the world.
答案：cutest
解析：in the world 表示范围，在世界范围内比较，用最高级，cute 的最高
级是 cutest。
5. The cheetah runs the ________ (fast) among all land animals.
答案：fastest
解析：among all land animals 表示范围，在所有陆地动物中比较速度，用
最高级，fast 的最高级是 fastest。
6. Which do you think is the ________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus
flower
答案：most beautiful
解析：在玫瑰、牡丹和莲花三者之间比较美丽程度，用最高级，beautiful 的
最高级是 most beautiful。
7. Look at that butterfly! It has the ________ (colorful) wings.
答案：most colorful
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解析：这里表示 “最色彩斑斓的”，用最高级，colorful 的最高级是 most
colorful。
8. Which animal jumps the ________ (far), the rabbit, the frog or the kangaroo
答案：farthest
解析：在兔子、青蛙和袋鼠三者之间比较跳的距离，用最高级，far 的最高
级是 farthest。
9. The elephant birds were the ________ (large) and ________ (heavy) birds ever on
earth.
答案：largest; heaviest
解析：ever on earth 表示在地球上一直以来，在这种范围下比较，用最高
级，large 的最高级是 largest，heavy 的最高级是 heaviest。
10. The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (ancient) living trees on earth.
答案：most ancient
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
ancient 的最高级是 most ancient。
11.Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in
Shaanxi Province is the ________ (old).
答案：oldest
解析：这里是说在众多银杏树中，这棵是最古老的，用最高级，old 的最高
级是 oldest。
12. The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (popular) trees in streets, parks, and
gardens across China.
答案：most popular
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
popular 的最高级是 most popular。
13. Bees are one of the ________ (important) animals on this planet.
答案：most important
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解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
important 的最高级是 most important。
14. Bees are also one of the ________ (interesting) animals in the world.
答案：most interesting
解析：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，
interesting 的最高级是 most interesting。
15. I felt ________ (disappointed) when my favourite flowers died.
答案：disappointed
解析：feel 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，disappointed 表示 “失望的”，
用来描述人的感受。
16. After the rain, some mushrooms ________ (appear) in the garden.
答案：appeared
解析：根据语境，雨后蘑菇出现了，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，appear
的过去式是 appeared。
17. In my hometown, people often use bamboo baskets to ________ (store) food.
答案：store
解析：use sth. to do sth. 表示 “用某物做某事”，to 后接动词原形，所以用
store。
18.What did you put in your luggage It ________ (weigh) a ton.
答案：weighs
解析：根据语境，这里描述的是当前的情况，用一般现在时，主语 it 是第
三人称单数，weigh 要用第三人称单数形式 weighs。
19. I can't ________ (imagine) my life without my pets. They mean a lot to me.
答案：imagine
解析：can't 是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以用 imagine。
20.Many people know that frogs help to ________ (protect) farms by eating insects.
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答案：protect
解析：help to do sth. 表示 “帮助做某事”，to 后接动词原形，所以用 protect。
（三）阅读理解
Dolphins are one of the most amazing animals in the ocean. They are very
smart and friendly. Dolphins have a special way of communicating with each
other. They use sounds like clicks and whistles to talk. Scientists believe that
these sounds can carry different messages, such as warnings, greetings, or
information about food.
Dolphins are also excellent swimmers. They can swim at high speeds and
jump out of the water in a very beautiful way. Their bodies are designed for
swimming, with a streamlined shape that helps them move quickly through the
water.
In addition, dolphins are social animals. They live in groups called pods. In
a pod, dolphins help each other. For example, when a dolphin is sick or injured,
other dolphins will support it and help it to the surface to breathe.
Dolphins are very important to the ocean ecosystem. They eat fish and
squid, which helps to keep the populations of these animals in balance. Also,
they are a popular attraction for tourists. Many people go to the sea to watch
dolphins play and swim.
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However, dolphins are facing some problems. Pollution in the ocean is
making their living environment worse. Some dolphins are caught in fishing
nets and get hurt. We should take action to protect these lovely animals and
keep the ocean clean.
1. （ ）How do dolphins communicate with each other
A. By using body language.
B. By making sounds like clicks and whistles.
C. By sending signals with their tails.
D. By changing the color of their bodies.
答案：B
解析：根据文中 “They use sounds like clicks and whistles to talk.” 可知，
海豚通过发出咔哒声和哨声进行交流，所以选 B。
2. （ ）Why are dolphins good at swimming
A. Because they have long tails.
B. Because they like swimming very much.
C. Because their bodies are in a streamlined shape.
D. Because they live in the ocean.
答案：C
解析：从文中 “Their bodies are designed for swimming, with a streamlined
shape that helps them move quickly through the water.” 可知，海豚擅长游
泳是因为它们流线型的身体，所以选 C。
3. （ ）What does the underlined word “pods” mean in Chinese
A. 洞穴 B. 家族 C. 群体 D. 部落
答案：C
解析：根据文中 “In a pod, dolphins help each other.” 以及 “dolphins are
social animals. They live in groups...” 可推测，pods 意思是 “群体”，海豚群
居生活，在群体中相互帮助，所以选 C。
4. （ ）Why are dolphins important to the ocean ecosystem
A. Because they can make the ocean more beautiful.
B. Because they can help fishermen catch fish.
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C. Because they can keep the populations of some animals in balance.
D. Because they can clean the ocean.
答案：C
解析：由文中 “They eat fish and squid, which helps to keep the populations
of these animals in balance.” 可知，海豚对海洋生态系统重要是因为它们能
保持一些动物的数量平衡，所以选 C。
5. （ ）What problems are dolphins facing
A. There is not enough food for them in the ocean.
B. Pollution is making their living environment worse and some are caught
in fishing nets.
C. They have no friends in the ocean.
D. People don't like them anymore.
答案：B
解析：根据文中 “Pollution in the ocean is making their living environment
worse. Some dolphins are caught in fishing nets and get hurt.” 可知，海豚
面临的问题是海洋污染和被渔网捕获，所以选 B 。
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人教版八上英语 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
一、语法考点
（一）形容词和副词的最高级
1. 构成规则
①一般在词尾加 -est。例如：tall - tallest，short - shortest。
②以字母 e 结尾的词，加 -st。例如：nice - nicest，fine - finest。
③重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -est。
例如：big - biggest，hot - hottest。
④以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词，先把 y 改为 i，再加 -est。例如：
happy - happiest，early - earliest。
⑤多音节词和部分双音节词在前面加 most。例如： interesting - most
interesting，outgoing - most outgoing。
2. 用法：用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示 “最……”。常与表示范围的短语或从句
连用，如 in...（在…… 范围内）、of...（在…… 之中）等。
①形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词 the，副词最高级前 the 可省略。例如：
He is the tallest boy in our class.（他是我们班最高的男孩。）
She runs (the) fastest in her school.（她在学校里跑得最快。）
②常见句型：
“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”。
例如：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in the world.
（长城是世界上最著名的地方之一。）
“Which/Who... + 最高级，A, B or C ” 用于在三者或三者以上中进行
选择。例如：Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth
（太阳、月亮和地球，哪一个最大？）
（二）倍数表达法
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1. “A + be + 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B” 表示 “A 是 B 的几倍”。例如：
This room is three times as big as that one.（这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。）
2. “A + be + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B” 表示 “A 比 B 大 / 长 / 高等
几倍”。例如：The Yangtze River is about twice longer than the Pearl River.（长
江大约比珠江长两倍。）
二、词汇考点
（一）重点单词
1. adj. 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的。常用来修饰
物。例如：The movie has an amazing ending.（这部电影有一个令人惊叹的结
局。）
2. old 的最高级，意为 “最古老的；年纪最大的”。例如：This is the oldest
building in the city.（这是这座城市里最古老的建筑。）
3. heavy 的最高级，意为 “最重的”。例如：The elephant is the heaviest
animal on land.（大象是陆地上最重的动物。）
4. fast 的最高级，意为 “最快的”。例如：The cheetah is the fastest animal
on land.（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。）
5. beautiful 的最高级，意为 “最美丽的”。例如：She is the most
beautiful girl in our school.（她是我们学校最漂亮的女孩。）
6. adj. 受欢迎的；普遍的；流行的。比较级为 more popular，最高级
为 most popular。例如：Football is a very popular sport.（足球是一项非常受
欢迎的运动。）
7. adj. 有用的；有益的。比较级为 more useful，最高级为 most useful。
例如：A dictionary is a useful tool for learning languages.（字典是学习语言的
有用工具。）
8. v. 创造；创作；创建。例如：The artist created a beautiful painting.
（这位艺术家创作了一幅美丽的画作。）
9. v. 交流；沟通。名词形式为 communication。例如：We
communicate with each other by email.（我们通过电子邮件相互交流。）
10. v. 保护；防护。例如：We should protect the environment.（我们应
该保护环境。）
（二）重点短语
1. 表示 “最…… 之一”。例如：China
is one of the largest countries in the world.（中国是世界上最大的国家之一。）
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2. 在世界上。例如：What's the biggest animal in the world （世
界上最大的动物是什么？）
3. 在…… 中起重要作用。例如：Trees play an
important part in keeping the air clean.（树木在保持空气清洁方面起着重要作
用。）
4. 因为；由于。后接名词、代词或动名词。例如：He didn't go to school
because of his illness.（他因为生病没去上学。）
5. 照顾；照料。等同于 take care of。例如：We should look after our
parents when they are old.（父母年老时我们应该照顾他们。）
三、同步练习
（一）单项选择
1. The blue whale is ________ animal in the world.
A. the largest B. largest C. larger D. large
2. Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth
A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. biggest
3. This is one of ________ books in our library.
A. the most popular B. most popular C. more popular D. popular
4. My sister runs ________ in her class.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
5. Which city is ________, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou
A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful D. most beautiful
6. The cheetah runs ________ among all land animals.
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
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7. This is ________ interesting story I have ever heard.
A. the more B. more C. the most D. most
8. He is ________ student in our class.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
9. Which is ________ season in your hometown
A. good B. better C. the best D. best
10. The Yellow River is one of ________ rivers in China.
A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest
11. The movie is ________ than that one.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
12. She is ________ girl in our school.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
13.Which subject do you like ________, math, English or Chinese
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
14. The book is ________ of all.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting
15. This is ________ expensive shirt in the shop.
A. an B. a C. the most D. most
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16.My mother is ________ in my family.
A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. busiest
17.Which is ________, a bike, a car or a plane
A. fast B. faster C. the fastest D. fastest
18. The weather in Beijing is ________ than that in Guangzhou in winter.
A. cold B. colder C. coldest D. the coldest
19. He is ________ boy in our class.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
20.Which is ________ mountain in the world
A. high B. higher C. the highest D. highest
（二）用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The redwood tree is one of the ________ (tall) trees in the world.
2. Among all the animals, the blue whale is the ________ (heavy).
3. Which is the ________ (large), the sun, the moon or the earth
4. I think pandas are the ________ (cute) animals in the world.
5. The cheetah runs the ________ (fast) among all land animals.
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6. Which do you think is the ________ (beautiful), the rose, the peony, or the lotus
flower
7. Look at that butterfly! It has the ________ (colorful) wings.
8. Which animal jumps the ________ (far), the rabbit, the frog or the kangaroo
9. The elephant birds were the ________ (large) and ________ (heavy) birds ever on
earth.
10. The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (ancient) living trees on earth.
11.Many Chinese believe that the old ginkgo tree in the Zhongnan Mountains in
Shaanxi Province is the ________ (old).
12. The ginkgo tree is one of the ________ (popular) trees in streets, parks, and
gardens across China.
13. Bees are one of the ________ (important) animals on this planet.
14. Bees are also one of the ________ (interesting) animals in the world.
15. I felt ________ (disappointed) when my favourite flowers died.
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16. After the rain, some mushrooms ________ (appear) in the garden.
17. In my hometown, people often use bamboo baskets to ________ (store) food.
18.What did you put in your luggage It ________ (weigh) a ton.
19. I can't ________ (imagine) my life without my pets. They mean a lot to me.
20.Many people know that frogs help to ________ (protect) farms by eating insects.
（三）阅读理解
Dolphins are one of the most amazing animals in the ocean. They are very
smart and friendly. Dolphins have a special way of communicating with each
other. They use sounds like clicks and whistles to talk. Scientists believe that
these sounds can carry different messages, such as warnings, greetings, or
information about food.
Dolphins are also excellent swimmers. They can swim at high speeds and
jump out of the water in a very beautiful way. Their bodies are designed for
swimming, with a streamlined shape that helps them move quickly through the
water.
In addition, dolphins are social animals. They live in groups called pods. In
a pod, dolphins help each other. For example, when a dolphin is sick or injured,
other dolphins will support it and help it to the surface to breathe.
Dolphins are very important to the ocean ecosystem. They eat fish and
squid, which helps to keep the populations of these animals in balance. Also,
they are a popular attraction for tourists. Many people go to the sea to watch
dolphins play and swim.
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However, dolphins are facing some problems. Pollution in the ocean is
making their living environment worse. Some dolphins are caught in fishing
nets and get hurt. We should take action to protect these lovely animals and
keep the ocean clean.
1. （ ）How do dolphins communicate with each other
A. By using body language.
B. By making sounds like clicks and whistles.
C. By sending signals with their tails.
D. By changing the color of their bodies.
2. （ ）Why are dolphins good at swimming
A. Because they have long tails.
B. Because they like swimming very much.
C. Because their bodies are in a streamlined shape.
D. Because they live in the ocean.
3. （ ）What does the underlined word “pods” mean in Chinese
A. 洞穴 B. 家族 C. 群体 D. 部落
4. （ ）Why are dolphins important to the ocean ecosystem
A. Because they can make the ocean more beautiful.
B. Because they can help fishermen catch fish.
C. Because they can keep the populations of some animals in balance.
D. Because they can clean the ocean.
5. （ ）What problems are dolphins facing
A. There is not enough food for them in the ocean.
B. Pollution is making their living environment worse and some are caught
in fishing nets.
C. They have no friends in the ocean.
D. People don't like them anymore.
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