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专题五 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
分析2019-2024年近六年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2024 应用文 2 1
记叙文 2 2
说明文 3 2
说明文 1 2 1
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
词义猜测题常见考查形式：
　　1. The underlined word“…”means _________ in Chinese.
　　2. The underlined phrase“…”in the passage means __________.
　　3. What does the underlined word“…”mean in Chinese？
　　4. What does the underlined word “…”mean in English？
二、词义猜测题常见命题类型：
　　1.猜测指定单词的意思，可能是熟悉单词的不常用用法，也可能是超纲词汇。
　　2.猜测指定词组的意思，可能是熟悉单词的特殊搭配，也可能是词组中包含了超纲词汇。
　　3.猜测指定单词或词组的指代含义，如 it， this ，that， which， these， those 等，或者在文中的具体含义。
一、利用逻辑关系猜词义
抓住逻辑关系信号词，弄清生词与上下文之间的内在逻辑关系，就不难猜测出词义。这里的信号词通常是表示：并列关系（and，while，or等）、因果关系（because, for, as, so, therefore等）、递进关系（besides, even, still, indeed等）、转折对比关系（but, however, conversely, in fact等）。
二、巧用标点符号猜词义
标点符号是文章的重要组成部分，看似毫不起眼，实际上作用非凡。对于某些生词，有时作者为了更加具体明确地表达其中的意思，会运用一些破折号、括号、冒号等标点符号，来连接后文起补充解释、拓展说明、列举示例作用的成分。大家要注意巧抓标点符号，准确推断出生词词义。
三、学会构词规律猜词义
在英语阅读中，我们常常会遇到一些似曾相识的生词，这些生词大多由以往学过的单词派生、转换、合成而来。如，hardworking是由单词hard（努力的）和working（工作）构成；minibus 由前缀mini（小型的）与词根“bus（公共汽车）”组成，意为“小型公共汽车”等。
【真题在线】
2024年浙江中考真题
If you are looking for somewhere special to visit in London, we may have the answer for you: Sir John Soane’s Museum. The museum is one of London’s best-kept secrets, and it’s well worth a visit. Sir John, a great architect (建筑师), lived in London during the 18th century (1753—1837), and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it. In fact, visiting the house is just like stepping back in time.
There are three floors which are open to the public. You can start on the first floor. This was Sir John’s work area. You can ask the guards about the paintings on the walls as they tell you something about this family and life. And don’t worry about the guards as they are really nice and helpful. Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor. Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series (系列) of interesting paintings about 18th century life in London. Now comes the last part, the underground floor. It’s full of thousands of valuable objects, such as sculptures (雕塑) and models of famous buildings from all over the world. Walking around this part of the house is a bit like being on a treasure hunt, as you can find things hidden away in secret corners. Anyway, you’ll have to go there yourself to see.
Sir John Soane’s Museum is a very small place. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk from the British Museum. There is a free hour-long guided tour every Saturday at 2:30 pm, but the best thing is just to walk about by yourself. So now you know where to go next time you’re in London. We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!
23. Why is Sir John Soane’s Museum special according to Paragraph 1
A. It is the oldest museum in London. B. There is a time machine in it.
C. It is kept the same as Sir John left it. D. There are lots of secret boxes in it.
24. In which order does the writer advise people to visit the museum
①the underground floor ②the ground floor ③the first floor
A. ①②③ B. ②①③ C. ①③② D. ③②①
25. What can be seen on the ground floor of the museum
A. A series of interesting paintings. B. Pictures of Sir John and his family.
C. A valuable collection of sculptures. D. Models of famous buildings in the world.
26. What does the underlined word “guarantee” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. hear B. decide C. promise D. remember
【导语】本文是说明文，主要介绍了约翰·索恩爵士博物馆。
26. C：词义猜测题。根据“We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!”可知是保证这是一次你不会忘记的经历，“guarantee” 在这里的意思是 “保证”，与 “promise” 意思相近，答案是 C。
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It’s important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
9. What does the underlined word “dismount” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Pick up a bike. B. Get off a bike.
C. Get back on a bike. D. Practice riding a bike.
【答案】 9. B
【解析】本文主要介绍了越野自行车比赛的情况，以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body…”可知，要成为一名顶级赛车手，速度必须要快，而且要做到在不减速的情况下从自行车上下来，所以划线单词是指“get off a bike”，故选B。
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。
D
There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die.
According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system(系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical(有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.
29. What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Ways B. Places. C. People. D. Rules.
【答案】29.A
【解析】词义猜测题；根据第三段中的The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution.（这个系统有助于人们从不同的方面思考问题，从而找到解决方法）所以perspectives的意思和ways的意思最为接近。
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
9. What does the underlined word "gymnastics " in Paragraph 2 refer to？ 　 　
A. A play. B. A sport. C. A celebration. D. A show.
9. B【解析】 词义猜测题。问题询问单词gymnastics的中文意思。根据信息定位到划线后面一句话The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses可以推断这项类似于哥萨克活动，就像是击剑和骑马。因此可以推断gymnastics的中文意思与运动有关，即sport
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Traffic
lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights
are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes,
they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught
what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The
first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside
railway tracks (轨道). The color red was used to mean "stop" because it warned
people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a
distance. Train drivers could see the red "stop" light ahead and had
enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean "take
care" and a white light meant "go".
However,
there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers
thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant "go"".
So the signals were swapped. The "go" light was changed to
green and the "take care" light was changed to white.
During
these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years
later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could
travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not
very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs
had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow
people to cross safely.
Today,
towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights
match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they
are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop.
（2）What does the underlined word "swapped" in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Designed. B．Exchanged. C．Suggested. D．Compared.
【答案】（2）B
【知识点】社会历史类；说明文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了红绿灯的发展由来一一从火车上的演变到今天马路上能见到的交通信号灯。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句 A green light was used to mean "take care" and a white light meant “go”可知，绿灯意味着小心，白灯意味着通行。而第三段swaped 后的一句话 The "go" light was changed to green and the "take care" light was changed towhit e可知，绿色信号灯和白色信号灯的寓意交换变换发生了改变。A选项 意为“设计” ；B选项意为“交换”；C选项意为“建议” ；D选项意为“比较”，故选B。
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C 和D）中选出最佳选项
C
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby's top lip or mouth doesn't form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, "Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundredsof operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available."
24.The underlined word "abandoned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
C 篇 24.A
【分析】文章大意：文章主要介绍了Smile Train这个慈善团体，帮助面部有缺陷的孩子做手术。
24.词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句 Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. Although引导让步状语从句，尽管许多患者被他们的家庭接受了，令人伤心的是，其他的没有被接受。可知因为他们的父母对他们感动羞愧，或者付不起手术费，因此这些有缺陷的孩子经常被遗弃，故选A。
【限时训练】
A
Alice was very excited. One of her favourite writers had just published a new book. She had saved up her money, and she was ready to buy the book this weekend. She talked about the book with her online chat（聊天）group. A lot of the other kids in the group were going to buy the book, too. In fact, that was the main thing everyone in the chat room was talking about one afternoon.
All of a sudden, Alice got a chat message from Ella, one of the kids in the chat room. The message said that Ella wanted to meet Alice at the bookstore. Then they could buy the new book together. Alice told her mum about the message, and her mum asked, “Do you know Ella from school ”
“No,” Alice answered. “We’ve only chatted online. I don’t think she goes to my school.”
“Listen,” Alice`s mum was anxious and said, “I want you to have friends, but sometimes, people online aren’t who they say they are. And when you’re online, you can’t always tell. So I don’t think it’s a good idea for you to meet this person.”
“But, Mum,” Alice said, “what if it is just a kid named Ella who wants to buy a book with me ”
Alice’s mum considered that for a moment. Then she said, “Let’s do this. Dad and I will go with you to the bookstore to buy the book with Ella. If Ella really is just a kid who wants to meet you in person, that`s great. If not, ________.”
Alice didn’t like that idea. It made her feel like a baby. But she knew her mum was right about safety, so she finally nodded. Then she answered Ella’s message. She told Ella that she and her parents would be at the bookstore the next afternoon.
The next day, Alice went to the bookstore with her mum and dad. When Ella never showed up and then disappeared from the chat room, Alice knew her parents were right. She was glad they were there to be with her.
2．What does the underlined word “anxious” mean in the text
A．Worried. B．Bored. C．Pleased. D．Interested.
【答案】 2．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，爱丽丝准备跟网上认识的艾拉一起去书店买书，但是父母不放心决定跟爱丽丝一起去，爱丽斯告诉了艾拉这件事，但是第二天艾拉并没有出现。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：必须注意网络安全，不能轻信任何人。
2．词句猜测题。根据“I want you to have friends, but sometimes, people online aren’t who they say they are. And when you’re online, you can’t always tell. So I don’t think it’s a good idea for you to meet this person.”可知，妈妈担心网上认识的人不安全，所以anxious的意思是“担心的，紧张的”，故选A。
B
My Olympic volunteering journey started last September. I was excited as I was myself a sports fan and my home country has not hosted a competition like this. It was a great chance for me to both watch and serve the Olympics.
After getting trained through the Internet and spending two weeks in quarantine (隔离), I began to volunteer inside the Wukesong Sports Center. The Center hosted ice hockey games for both men’s and women’s teams. My job was to guide the audience (观众) to their seats and answer their questions. I was wild with joy to be present and watch my first-ever Olympic games live, on the ice. All the games were interesting, and I watched them whenever my volunteering duties would allow.
In our free time, we had pleasant conversations. It was the best chance for us foreign students to learn more about the Chinese New Year celebrations, and this year, to celebrate it together with our Chinese friends. It was really a big festival. We had special Chinese dishes like dumplings, fish and spring rolls. I also tried to write Chinese characters.
I decided to make the most of the chance and introduce my African and Rwandan customs to other volunteers. I showed to them the real Africa that they had never seen on TV before. From geography to social life, I made them understand more about Africa by giving examples of my hometown. It was a great platform (平台) for us young people to share both our cultures and futures.
As an international volunteer for Beijing 2022, I was given a special experience to help others and more importantly, to learn about the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games. I’ll never forget it.
12．Which was one of the reasons why the writer volunteered in Beijing 2022
A．He was a fan of sports. B．He was free in winter.
C．He wanted to learn Chinese. D．He likes travelling around.
13．What did the writer’s duties as a volunteer include
A．Guiding the teams to their places. B．Cleaning the Center after the games.
C．Giving out food and water to the players. D．Answering questions from the audience.
14．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4
A．The Chinese Spring Festival. B．The Beijing Winter Olympics.
C．The Wukesong Sports Centre. D．The Foreign Students’ Organization.
【答案】 14．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲作者在2022年冬奥会做志愿者的经历。
14．词义猜测题。根据“It was a great platform for us young people to share both our cultures and futures.”可知让作者等年轻人交流文化和未来的平台是这次的冬奥会。故选B。
C
Become a waste fighter and help Captain Billy re-love, re-use and re-cycle old plastic toys. You could get some great books for free too! Cool eh
Your old plastic toys were specially chosen and they brought you lots of fun. They can also be used over and over again.
Finished playing with your toys Why not exchange them with friends It helps to reuse your toys and pass on the fun.
Ask your school to join the Recycle to Read program. Drop off your broken plastic toys and get free books for your school.
All plastic toys collected in the Recycle to Read are made into great new products. Visit www.wastebusters.club to find out more information.
9．What could you get if you help Captain Billy collect old plastic toys
A．Some money. B．Some new toys.
C．Some free books. D．Some reusable bags.
10．What does the underlined word “It” in the poster refer to
A．Choosing toys. B．Getting great books.
C．Dropping off old toys. D．Exchanging toys with friends.
11．You can ________ to find out more information about new products.
A．email Capital Billy B．ask your school
C．visit www.wastebusters.club D．call the story house magazine
【答案】 10．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了有关重新热爱，重新使用和循环使用塑料玩具的一项活动。
10．词义猜测题。根据“Why not exchange them with friends It helps to reuse your toys and pass on the fun”可知，与朋友交换玩具可以帮助重复使用玩具并传递快乐，所以It指代前文提到的“exchange toys with friends”，故选D。
D
About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. Water in nature is saltwater and fresh water, but only three percent of that is freshwater. A lot of organizations are saying that people are running out of usable water, but few are taking this problem seriously. Why They see water everywhere.
The average American family uses more than 1,140 liters (升) of water at home per day. However, in developing countries, nearly 900 million people do not have safe drinking water. Water shortages are, in fact, a bigger problem today than ever before. The human population has continued to grow and with it, its need for water. Global warming is making this problem more serious. Unless we all take it seriously, we will end up having to live on a blue planet without a drop of usable water.
From taking shorter showers to reusing water, there are many ways for you to save water. One more thing you can do is to reduce your use of “virtual water”. Perhaps you have never heard of the idea of “virtual water.” It means the water you use indirectly. We not just drink water and use it to clean all kinds of things; we also “use” it through the products we buy. For example, a cow needs to eat 1,300 kilograms of grain (谷物) for three years before it can produce 180 kilograms of beef. The grain requires water to grow, the cow needs to drink, and the farmer needs water to clean his farm.
It will make a big difference if you remove some meat from your diet and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. You are also saving water when you are writing on both sides of paper instead of just one. The world is running out of usable water. Every drop of it is valuable.
14．Among the following examples, which one belongs to “virtual water”
A．Taking a shower. B．Washing some clothes.
C．Making a cup of tea. D．Producing a kilo of beef.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了地球上水资源的分布、人类对水资源的消耗以及如何节约用水的问题。文章还引入了“虚拟水”的概念，强调了节约水资源的重要性。
14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“For example, a cow needs to eat 1,300 kilograms of grain (谷物) for three years before it can produce 180 kilograms of beef. The grain requires water to grow, the cow needs to drink, and the farmer needs water to clean his farm.”可知，生产牛肉需要消耗大量的水，这种间接消耗的水被称为“虚拟水”。故选D。
E
From lunch boxes and drinking bottles to furniture and clothes, plastic is used to make lots of everyday things. When these things are thrown away, some of them end up in the seas. The plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. Biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics were invented to deal with this problem.
Biodegradable plastics can break down naturally, but the new problem is they can not break down completely in the sea. Instead, they break down into very small pieces called microplastics, which are often eaten by fish, birds and other animals. The microplastics are known to be harmful.
Recently, scientists have invented a new kind of plastic which could help solve this microplastic problem. It was created by researchers at the RIKEN Centre for Emergent Matter Science in Japan. Unlike other biodegradable plastics, the new plastic fully dissolves (溶解) in salty seawater. When the new plastic dissolves, it breaks up into the separate substances (物质). And then small living things in seawater can break them down completely. Studies have shown that the plastic can break down in a few hours in seawater, and in around 10 days in soil.
The new plastic has other benefits, too. It is not poisonous. When it is burned, the gas (气体) it produces won’t pollute the environment. The plastic can be made hard or shaped into different forms at temperatures above 120℃, so it could be used to make various kinds of things. Takuzo Aida, who led the research, said the new plastic is “strong and recyclable”, and can be used in lots of ways, for example, in replacing single-use plastics. Joaquin Martinez Urreaga, from Polytechnic University of Madrid, called the idea “a promising product to deal with marine pollution”.
12．What is the disadvantage of biodegradable plastics
A．They’re unable to break down naturally.
B．They used much seawater to break down.
C．It takes long time for them to break down.
D．The microplastics they produce harm animals.
13．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．The microplastics. B．Separate substances. C．Small living things. D．Biodegradable plastics.
14．How does the passage show the benefits of the new kind of plastic
①By telling stories. ②By raising questions.
③By giving facts. ④By offering opinions.
A．①③ B．①② C．③④ D．②④
15．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To tell the value of plastic. B．To show the products of plastic.
C．To introduce a new kind of plastic. D．To explain the problems of plastic.
【导语】本文是介绍一种新型塑料。
13．词句猜测题。根据“Unlike other biodegradable plastics, the new plastic fully dissolves (溶解) in salty seawater. When the new plastic dissolves, it breaks up into the separate substances (物质). And then small living things in seawater can break them down completely.”可知与其他生物降解塑料不同，这种新型塑料能在咸海水中完全溶解。当这种新型塑料溶解时，它会分解成独立的物质。然后，海水中的微小生物可以完全将这些物质分解。因此them指代“独立的物质”，故选B。
F
①Do you enjoy growing a garden Do you think growing a garden is easy Maybe it seems impossible for you since you live in an apartment without a yard. Don’t worry! Gardens come in all shapes and sizes. With a good planning and a few tips, you can even grow your own garden in the small space.
②When planning a garden, one of the most important things to remember is to grow what you love. This way, you’ll be sure to enjoy the process. You can grow vegetables. If you don’t like vegetables, you can grow fruits or flowers. If you’re allergic (过敏的) to flowers, try green plants.
③You can grow a garden to feed yourself, your family, your neighbors, and people without enough food. In a word, there are so many different things you can grow and so many different reasons to grow.
④Once you decide what type of garden you’d like to start, you’ll need to plan a few things before getting to work. You can start a garden in containers (容器) or most recycled plastic bottles. You can even grow a garden in old rain boots. Next, pick the right soil. This is important for a useful garden. An expert at a gardening store can. advise you on the best soil for your needs. After you have the correct soil, choose your plants. Will you start with seeds or young plants Growing from seeds is often less expensive. And it’s more delightful, because you get to watch the growth from seed to plant. But growing from seedlings is easier. There’s a better chance your plant will grow big enough to produce.
10．Which of the following is the closet in meaning to “delightful” in Para. 4
A．Enjoyable. B．Boring. C．Comfortable. D．Disappointing.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在有限空间内规划和种植花园，包括种植的准备事项、选择种植植物的建议等内容。
10．词义猜测题。根据“Growing from seeds is often less expensive. And it’s more delightful, because you get to watch the growth from seed to plant.”可知，从种子开始种植更便宜，而且能看到种子成长为植物，这是令人愉快的，所以“delightful”意思是“令人愉快的”，与“Enjoyable”意思相近。故选A。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
专题五 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。
分析2019-2024年近六年浙江杭州中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 标题归纳 文章结构
2024 应用文 2 1
记叙文 2 2
说明文 3 2
说明文 1 2 1
2023 说明文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
2022 记叙文 3
说明文 3 1
说明文 3 1
说明文 1 1 2
2021 记叙文 3
记叙文 3 1
说明文 1 1 1 1
说明文 3 1
2020 说明文 2 1
说明文 2 1 1
说明文 3 1
议论文 2 1 1
2019 广告 3
记叙文 4
记叙文 2 1 1
说明文 2 1 1
词义猜测题常见考查形式：
　　1. The underlined word“…”means _________ in Chinese.
　　2. The underlined phrase“…”in the passage means __________.
　　3. What does the underlined word“…”mean in Chinese？
　　4. What does the underlined word “…”mean in English？
二、词义猜测题常见命题类型：
　　1.猜测指定单词的意思，可能是熟悉单词的不常用用法，也可能是超纲词汇。
　　2.猜测指定词组的意思，可能是熟悉单词的特殊搭配，也可能是词组中包含了超纲词汇。
　　3.猜测指定单词或词组的指代含义，如 it， this ，that， which， these， those 等，或者在文中的具体含义。
一、利用逻辑关系猜词义
抓住逻辑关系信号词，弄清生词与上下文之间的内在逻辑关系，就不难猜测出词义。这里的信号词通常是表示：并列关系（and，while，or等）、因果关系（because, for, as, so, therefore等）、递进关系（besides, even, still, indeed等）、转折对比关系（but, however, conversely, in fact等）。
二、巧用标点符号猜词义
标点符号是文章的重要组成部分，看似毫不起眼，实际上作用非凡。对于某些生词，有时作者为了更加具体明确地表达其中的意思，会运用一些破折号、括号、冒号等标点符号，来连接后文起补充解释、拓展说明、列举示例作用的成分。大家要注意巧抓标点符号，准确推断出生词词义。
三、学会构词规律猜词义
在英语阅读中，我们常常会遇到一些似曾相识的生词，这些生词大多由以往学过的单词派生、转换、合成而来。如，hardworking是由单词hard（努力的）和working（工作）构成；minibus 由前缀mini（小型的）与词根“bus（公共汽车）”组成，意为“小型公共汽车”等。
【真题在线】
2024年浙江中考真题
If you are looking for somewhere special to visit in London, we may have the answer for you: Sir John Soane’s Museum. The museum is one of London’s best-kept secrets, and it’s well worth a visit. Sir John, a great architect (建筑师), lived in London during the 18th century (1753—1837), and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it. In fact, visiting the house is just like stepping back in time.
There are three floors which are open to the public. You can start on the first floor. This was Sir John’s work area. You can ask the guards about the paintings on the walls as they tell you something about this family and life. And don’t worry about the guards as they are really nice and helpful. Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor. Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series (系列) of interesting paintings about 18th century life in London. Now comes the last part, the underground floor. It’s full of thousands of valuable objects, such as sculptures (雕塑) and models of famous buildings from all over the world. Walking around this part of the house is a bit like being on a treasure hunt, as you can find things hidden away in secret corners. Anyway, you’ll have to go there yourself to see.
Sir John Soane’s Museum is a very small place. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk from the British Museum. There is a free hour-long guided tour every Saturday at 2:30 pm, but the best thing is just to walk about by yourself. So now you know where to go next time you’re in London. We guarantee that it’s an experience you won’t forget!
23. Why is Sir John Soane’s Museum special according to Paragraph 1
A. It is the oldest museum in London. B. There is a time machine in it.
C. It is kept the same as Sir John left it. D. There are lots of secret boxes in it.
24. In which order does the writer advise people to visit the museum
①the underground floor ②the ground floor ③the first floor
A. ①②③ B. ②①③ C. ①③② D. ③②①
25. What can be seen on the ground floor of the museum
A. A series of interesting paintings. B. Pictures of Sir John and his family.
C. A valuable collection of sculptures. D. Models of famous buildings in the world.
26. What does the underlined word “guarantee” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. hear B. decide C. promise D. remember
2023年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles (障碍). When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It’s important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
9. What does the underlined word “dismount” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Pick up a bike. B. Get off a bike.
C. Get back on a bike. D. Practice riding a bike.
2022年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项。
D
There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.
One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close to stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There are parking meters where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is that many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono’s solution is to make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries (蓄电池) die.
According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the “Six Thinking Hats” system(系统). The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical(有逻辑的) and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different perspectives, and see what ideas you have.
29. What does the underlined word “perspectives” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Ways B. Places. C. People. D. Rules.
2021年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（击掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（剑）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（杆）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
9. What does the underlined word "gymnastics " in Paragraph 2 refer to？ 　 　
A. A play. B. A sport. C. A celebration. D. A show.
2020年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
B
Traffic
lights are red, yellow and green. They are very important signals (信号). Traffic lights
are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic. Sometimes,
they are on streets near schools and shops, too. Most young children are taught
what each of the colored lights means, so everybody can stay safe.
The
first traffic signals were used for trains. The signals were put alongside
railway tracks (轨道). The color red was used to mean "stop" because it warned
people of danger. A red light was also the easiest color to see from a
distance. Train drivers could see the red "stop" light ahead and had
enough time to slow down and stop their trains. A green light was used to mean "take
care" and a white light meant "go".
However,
there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks. Some train drivers
thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant "go"".
So the signals were swapped. The "go" light was changed to
green and the "take care" light was changed to white.
During
these times, people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses. Years
later, when cars were built, people began to drive them because they could
travel much faster than horses. However, the road rules for drivers were not
very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads. Yellow warning signs
had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow
people to cross safely.
Today,
towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights. Red and green lights
match the signals used on the railways. Yellow lights are easy to see, so they
are used to warn drivers that they should slow down and prepare to stop.
（2）What does the underlined word "swapped" in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Designed. B．Exchanged. C．Suggested. D．Compared.
2019年杭州中考真题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C 和D）中选出最佳选项
C
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby's top lip or mouth doesn't form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, "Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundredsof operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available."
24.The underlined word "abandoned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
【限时训练】
A
Alice was very excited. One of her favourite writers had just published a new book. She had saved up her money, and she was ready to buy the book this weekend. She talked about the book with her online chat（聊天）group. A lot of the other kids in the group were going to buy the book, too. In fact, that was the main thing everyone in the chat room was talking about one afternoon.
All of a sudden, Alice got a chat message from Ella, one of the kids in the chat room. The message said that Ella wanted to meet Alice at the bookstore. Then they could buy the new book together. Alice told her mum about the message, and her mum asked, “Do you know Ella from school ”
“No,” Alice answered. “We’ve only chatted online. I don’t think she goes to my school.”
“Listen,” Alice`s mum was anxious and said, “I want you to have friends, but sometimes, people online aren’t who they say they are. And when you’re online, you can’t always tell. So I don’t think it’s a good idea for you to meet this person.”
“But, Mum,” Alice said, “what if it is just a kid named Ella who wants to buy a book with me ”
Alice’s mum considered that for a moment. Then she said, “Let’s do this. Dad and I will go with you to the bookstore to buy the book with Ella. If Ella really is just a kid who wants to meet you in person, that`s great. If not, ________.”
Alice didn’t like that idea. It made her feel like a baby. But she knew her mum was right about safety, so she finally nodded. Then she answered Ella’s message. She told Ella that she and her parents would be at the bookstore the next afternoon.
The next day, Alice went to the bookstore with her mum and dad. When Ella never showed up and then disappeared from the chat room, Alice knew her parents were right. She was glad they were there to be with her.
2．What does the underlined word “anxious” mean in the text
A．Worried. B．Bored. C．Pleased. D．Interested.
B
My Olympic volunteering journey started last September. I was excited as I was myself a sports fan and my home country has not hosted a competition like this. It was a great chance for me to both watch and serve the Olympics.
After getting trained through the Internet and spending two weeks in quarantine (隔离), I began to volunteer inside the Wukesong Sports Center. The Center hosted ice hockey games for both men’s and women’s teams. My job was to guide the audience (观众) to their seats and answer their questions. I was wild with joy to be present and watch my first-ever Olympic games live, on the ice. All the games were interesting, and I watched them whenever my volunteering duties would allow.
In our free time, we had pleasant conversations. It was the best chance for us foreign students to learn more about the Chinese New Year celebrations, and this year, to celebrate it together with our Chinese friends. It was really a big festival. We had special Chinese dishes like dumplings, fish and spring rolls. I also tried to write Chinese characters.
I decided to make the most of the chance and introduce my African and Rwandan customs to other volunteers. I showed to them the real Africa that they had never seen on TV before. From geography to social life, I made them understand more about Africa by giving examples of my hometown. It was a great platform (平台) for us young people to share both our cultures and futures.
As an international volunteer for Beijing 2022, I was given a special experience to help others and more importantly, to learn about the spirit of the Winter Olympic Games. I’ll never forget it.
12．Which was one of the reasons why the writer volunteered in Beijing 2022
A．He was a fan of sports. B．He was free in winter.
C．He wanted to learn Chinese. D．He likes travelling around.
13．What did the writer’s duties as a volunteer include
A．Guiding the teams to their places. B．Cleaning the Center after the games.
C．Giving out food and water to the players. D．Answering questions from the audience.
14．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4
A．The Chinese Spring Festival. B．The Beijing Winter Olympics.
C．The Wukesong Sports Centre. D．The Foreign Students’ Organization.
C
Become a waste fighter and help Captain Billy re-love, re-use and re-cycle old plastic toys. You could get some great books for free too! Cool eh
Your old plastic toys were specially chosen and they brought you lots of fun. They can also be used over and over again.
Finished playing with your toys Why not exchange them with friends It helps to reuse your toys and pass on the fun.
Ask your school to join the Recycle to Read program. Drop off your broken plastic toys and get free books for your school.
All plastic toys collected in the Recycle to Read are made into great new products. Visit www.wastebusters.club to find out more information.
9．What could you get if you help Captain Billy collect old plastic toys
A．Some money. B．Some new toys.
C．Some free books. D．Some reusable bags.
10．What does the underlined word “It” in the poster refer to
A．Choosing toys. B．Getting great books.
C．Dropping off old toys. D．Exchanging toys with friends.
11．You can ________ to find out more information about new products.
A．email Capital Billy B．ask your school
C．visit www.wastebusters.club D．call the story house magazine
D
About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. Water in nature is saltwater and fresh water, but only three percent of that is freshwater. A lot of organizations are saying that people are running out of usable water, but few are taking this problem seriously. Why They see water everywhere.
The average American family uses more than 1,140 liters (升) of water at home per day. However, in developing countries, nearly 900 million people do not have safe drinking water. Water shortages are, in fact, a bigger problem today than ever before. The human population has continued to grow and with it, its need for water. Global warming is making this problem more serious. Unless we all take it seriously, we will end up having to live on a blue planet without a drop of usable water.
From taking shorter showers to reusing water, there are many ways for you to save water. One more thing you can do is to reduce your use of “virtual water”. Perhaps you have never heard of the idea of “virtual water.” It means the water you use indirectly. We not just drink water and use it to clean all kinds of things; we also “use” it through the products we buy. For example, a cow needs to eat 1,300 kilograms of grain (谷物) for three years before it can produce 180 kilograms of beef. The grain requires water to grow, the cow needs to drink, and the farmer needs water to clean his farm.
It will make a big difference if you remove some meat from your diet and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. You are also saving water when you are writing on both sides of paper instead of just one. The world is running out of usable water. Every drop of it is valuable.
14．Among the following examples, which one belongs to “virtual water”
A．Taking a shower. B．Washing some clothes.
C．Making a cup of tea. D．Producing a kilo of beef.
E
From lunch boxes and drinking bottles to furniture and clothes, plastic is used to make lots of everyday things. When these things are thrown away, some of them end up in the seas. The plastic takes hundreds of years to break down. Biodegradable (可生物降解的) plastics were invented to deal with this problem.
Biodegradable plastics can break down naturally, but the new problem is they can not break down completely in the sea. Instead, they break down into very small pieces called microplastics, which are often eaten by fish, birds and other animals. The microplastics are known to be harmful.
Recently, scientists have invented a new kind of plastic which could help solve this microplastic problem. It was created by researchers at the RIKEN Centre for Emergent Matter Science in Japan. Unlike other biodegradable plastics, the new plastic fully dissolves (溶解) in salty seawater. When the new plastic dissolves, it breaks up into the separate substances (物质). And then small living things in seawater can break them down completely. Studies have shown that the plastic can break down in a few hours in seawater, and in around 10 days in soil.
The new plastic has other benefits, too. It is not poisonous. When it is burned, the gas (气体) it produces won’t pollute the environment. The plastic can be made hard or shaped into different forms at temperatures above 120℃, so it could be used to make various kinds of things. Takuzo Aida, who led the research, said the new plastic is “strong and recyclable”, and can be used in lots of ways, for example, in replacing single-use plastics. Joaquin Martinez Urreaga, from Polytechnic University of Madrid, called the idea “a promising product to deal with marine pollution”.
12．What is the disadvantage of biodegradable plastics
A．They’re unable to break down naturally.
B．They used much seawater to break down.
C．It takes long time for them to break down.
D．The microplastics they produce harm animals.
13．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．The microplastics. B．Separate substances. C．Small living things. D．Biodegradable plastics.
14．How does the passage show the benefits of the new kind of plastic
①By telling stories. ②By raising questions.
③By giving facts. ④By offering opinions.
A．①③ B．①② C．③④ D．②④
15．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To tell the value of plastic. B．To show the products of plastic.
C．To introduce a new kind of plastic. D．To explain the problems of plastic.
F
①Do you enjoy growing a garden Do you think growing a garden is easy Maybe it seems impossible for you since you live in an apartment without a yard. Don’t worry! Gardens come in all shapes and sizes. With a good planning and a few tips, you can even grow your own garden in the small space.
②When planning a garden, one of the most important things to remember is to grow what you love. This way, you’ll be sure to enjoy the process. You can grow vegetables. If you don’t like vegetables, you can grow fruits or flowers. If you’re allergic (过敏的) to flowers, try green plants.
③You can grow a garden to feed yourself, your family, your neighbors, and people without enough food. In a word, there are so many different things you can grow and so many different reasons to grow.
④Once you decide what type of garden you’d like to start, you’ll need to plan a few things before getting to work. You can start a garden in containers (容器) or most recycled plastic bottles. You can even grow a garden in old rain boots. Next, pick the right soil. This is important for a useful garden. An expert at a gardening store can. advise you on the best soil for your needs. After you have the correct soil, choose your plants. Will you start with seeds or young plants Growing from seeds is often less expensive. And it’s more delightful, because you get to watch the growth from seed to plant. But growing from seedlings is easier. There’s a better chance your plant will grow big enough to produce.
10．Which of the following is the closet in meaning to “delightful” in Para. 4
A．Enjoyable. B．Boring. C．Comfortable. D．Disappointing.

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