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Unit4 Weather and Our Lives语法精讲精练（含解析）
Preparatory it作形式主语
1. We use it for time, day & date, season, weather, temperature or distance.
it用于指代时间、星期、日期、季节、天气、温度或距离。
Time（时间）
—What time is it
—It's half past ten.
It's late. It's time to listen to the weather forecast.
Day & Date（星期和日期）
—What day is it (today)
—It's Thursday.
It's 16 September. It was my birthday yesterday.
Season（季节）
—What season is it now
—It's spring now.
Weather（天气）
It's raining./It isn't raining./Is it snowing
It rains a lot here./It didn't rain here.
Does it snow very often here
It's warm/hot/cold/fine/cloudy/windy/sunny/foggy/...
It's a nice day today.
Temperature（温度）
It is 28 degrees Celsius today.
It reached 42 degrees Celsius in this area.
Distance（距离）
It's three kilometres from our home to the city centre.
How far is it from the weather satellite to the Earth
It's a long walk from here to the bus stop.
We can go home. It's not far.
2. We use it in the sentence pattern “ It's (It is) + adj. + to-infinitive “ to show our feelings about something or doing something.
it还用于“It's (It is) +形容词+含有to的动词不定式”的结构中，表示对某物、某事的感受。
It's/It is +easy/difficult/impossible/dangerous/... + to do ...
In this pattern, the to-infinitive part is the real subject of the sentence. Since the part is a bit too long, we usually use preparatory it instead and put the to-infinitive part at the end of the sentence.
在这个句型中，带to的动词不定式是句子真正的主语。由于这个部分比较长，通常被置于句末，而使用it充当形式主语。
e.g. It's nice to do the weather experiment.
It's impossible to travel in the weather balloon.
It wasn't easy to predict weather in the past.
沪教版五四制六年级下册英语Unit4语法专项练习
一、用it作形式主语完成句子（每题2分，共30分）
1. __________ (is / was) important __________ ( learn ) about different weather phenomena.
2. __________ (It's / Its) difficult __________ ( predict) extreme weather accurately.
3. __________ (is / are) interesting __________ (watch ) how clouds form.
4. __________ (It was / There was) necessary __________ (take) an umbrella when it's rainy.
5. __________ (is / was) wonderful __________ (play ) in the snow on a snowy day.
6. __________ (It's / It) impossible __________ ( fly) a kite without wind.
7. __________ (is / are) dangerous __________ (stay) outside during a storm.
8. __________ (It was / There was) great __________ (enjoy) the sunshine on a sunny day.
9. __________ (is / was) convenient __________ (check ) the weather report on your phone.
10. __________ (It's / Its) useful __________ ( know) some basic weather signs.
11. __________ (is / are) nice __________ ( go) for a walk on a cool autumn day.
12. __________ (It was / There was) hard __________ (see ) clearly in the fog.
13. __________ (is / was) exciting __________ ( experience) a typhoon from a safe place.
14. __________ (It's / It) important __________ (wear) warm clothes in winter.
15. __________ (is / are) pleasant __________ (listen ) to the sound of rain at night.
二、单项选择（每题2分，共30分）
1. —What's the weather like today
—__________ is sunny.
A. This B. That C. It D. They
2. __________ is 20 degrees Celsius today.
A. That B. It C. This D. What
3. __________ is raining heavily outside. We'd better stay at home.
A. This B. That C. It D. They
4. —What season is it now
—__________ is winter.
A. This B. That C. It D. They
5. __________ is a long way from our school to the beach.
A. This B. That C. It D. They
6. It's very important __________ us to learn about weather safety.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
7. It's kind __________ you to tell me the weather forecast.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
8. It's not easy __________ a weather vane by ourselves.
A. make B. makes C. to make D. making
9. It was interesting __________ the weather experiment in the science class.
A. do B. does C. to do D. doing
10. It's dangerous __________ in the river when it rains heavily.
A. swim B. swims C. to swim D. swimming
11. It's necessary __________ some food and water before a typhoon comes.
A. prepare B. prepares C. to prepare D. preparing
12. It's great __________ a picnic on a sunny day.
A. have B. has C. to have D. having
13. It's hard __________ the differences between the two kinds of clouds.
A. tell B. tells C. to tell D. telling
14. It's pleasant __________ to music on a rainy day.
A. listen B. listens C. to listen D. listening
15. It's important __________ the traffic rules when the weather is bad.
A. follow B. follows C. to follow D. following
三、根据汉语提示完成句子（每题2分，共30分）
1. __________（现在是）ten o'clock. It's time for the weather report.
2. __________（今天天气）is cloudy. We may need umbrellas.
3. __________（距离）from our town to the mountain is about 50 kilometres.
4. __________（是秋天）now. The leaves are turning yellow.
5. __________（正在下雪）heavily. We can make a snowman later.
6. It's __________（对我们来说很重要）to know how to keep safe in bad weather.
7. It's __________（非常好）of you to share the weather news.
8. It's __________（很难）to see the road clearly in the heavy fog.
9. It's __________（很有趣）to watch the wind blowing the leaves.
10. It's __________（危险的）to play football on the street when it's windy.
11. It's __________（有必要）to take warm clothes when you go to the mountains in winter.
12. It's __________（令人兴奋的）to see a rainbow after the rain.
13. It's __________（重要的）to drink enough water in hot weather.
14. It's __________（很惬意）to lie on the grass on a sunny afternoon.
15. It's __________（不可能）to go hiking if it rains tomorrow.
四、句型转换（每题2分，共10分）
1. To learn about different weather tools is useful.（用it作形式主语改写句子）
__________ __________ useful __________ __________ about different weather tools.
2. It's sunny today.（对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ __________ __________ today
3. The temperature is 25 degrees Celsius today.（对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ __________ __________ today
4. It's a long way from my home to the park.（对划线部分提问）
__________ __________ is it from your home to the park
5. It was difficult to predict the weather in the past.（改为一般疑问句）
__________ __________ difficult to predict the weather in the past 一、用it作形式主语完成句子
1. 答案：It's; to learn
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”是固定句型，“It”作形式主语，真正的主语是“to learn about different weather phenomena”，此句表示“学习不同的天气现象很重要”，用一般现在时，所以是“It's”。
2. 答案：It's; to predict
- 解析：同样是“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”结构，“It”作形式主语，“to predict extreme weather accurately”是真正主语，意为“准确预测极端天气很困难”，用一般现在时，故为“It's”。
3. 答案：It's; to watch
- 解析：该句型中，“It”作形式主语，“to watch how clouds form”是真正主语，描述一般性情况用一般现在时，所以是“It's”，表示“观看云是如何形成的很有趣”。
4. 答案：It was; to take
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，根据语境这里说的是过去下雨时的情况，用一般过去时“It was”，“to take an umbrella”是真正主语，即“下雨时带把伞是必要的”。
5. 答案：It's; to play
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“It”作形式主语，“to play in the snow on a snowy day”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，意思是“在雪天里玩雪很棒”。
6. 答案：It's; to fly
- 解析：固定句型，“It”作形式主语，“to fly a kite without wind”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，表示“没有风放风筝是不可能的”。
7. 答案：It's; to stay
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“It”作形式主语，“to stay outside during a storm”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，意为“暴风雨期间待在外面很危险”。
8. 答案：It was; to enjoy
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，根据语境是描述过去在晴天享受阳光的感受，用一般过去时“It was”，“to enjoy the sunshine on a sunny day”是真正主语。
9. 答案：It's; to check
- 解析：“It”作形式主语，“to check the weather report on your phone”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，表示“在手机上查看天气预报很方便”。
10. 答案：It's; to know
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“It”作形式主语，“to know some basic weather signs”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，即“了解一些基本的天气迹象很有用”。
11. 答案：It's; to go
- 解析：该句型中，“It”作形式主语，“to go for a walk on a cool autumn day”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，意思是“在凉爽的秋日去散步很不错”。
12. 答案：It was; to see
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，描述过去在雾中看不清楚的情况，用一般过去时“It was”，“to see clearly in the fog”是真正主语。
13. 答案：It's; to experience
- 解析：“It”作形式主语，“to experience a typhoon from a safe place”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，表示“从安全的地方体验台风很刺激”。
14. 答案：It's; to wear
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“It”作形式主语，“to wear warm clothes in winter”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，意为“冬天穿暖和的衣服很重要”。
15. 答案：It's; to listen
- 解析：“It”作形式主语，“to listen to the sound of rain at night”是真正主语，一般现在时用“It's”，表示“晚上听雨声很惬意”。
二、单项选择
1. 答案：C
- 解析：在询问天气的句型“What's the weather like... ”中，回答用“It”指代天气，所以选C。
2. 答案：B
- 解析：描述温度时用“It”作主语，“It”指代天气状况及温度，所以选B。
3. 答案：C
- 解析：表示“下雨、下雪”等天气状况时，用“It”作主语，所以选C。
4. 答案：C
- 解析：询问季节“What season is it... ”，回答用“It”指代季节，所以选C。
5. 答案：C
- 解析：表示距离时用“It”作主语，“It”指代距离，所以选C。
6. 答案：A
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + for sb. + to - 不定式”，当形容词是描述事物的性质特点，如“important、difficult、easy”等时，用“for”，此句中“important”描述“learn about weather safety”这件事的性质，所以选A。
7. 答案：B
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + of sb. + to - 不定式”，当形容词是描述人的性格品质，如“kind、nice、clever”等时，用“of”，“kind”是描述人的品质，所以选B。
8. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to make a weather vane by ourselves”是真正主语，所以选C。
9. 答案：C
- 解析：“It was + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to do the weather experiment in the science class”是真正主语，所以选C。
10. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to swim in the river when it rains heavily”是真正主语，所以选C。
11. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to prepare some food and water before a typhoon comes”是真正主语，所以选C。
12. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to have a picnic on a sunny day”是真正主语，所以选C。
13. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to tell the differences between the two kinds of clouds”是真正主语，所以选C。
14. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to listen to music on a rainy day”是真正主语，所以选C。
15. 答案：C
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“to follow the traffic rules when the weather is bad”是真正主语，所以选C。
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1. 答案：It's
- 解析：描述时间用“It's + 时间”，所以是“It's”。
2. 答案：The weather today
- 解析：“今天天气”是“The weather today”，“weather”不可数名词，用“the”限定。
3. 答案：It's the distance
- 解析：表示距离用“It's the distance + from...to...”，所以填“It's the distance”。
4. 答案：It's autumn
- 解析：询问季节回答用“It's + 季节”，所以是“It's autumn”。
5. 答案：It's snowing
- 解析：描述正在下雪用“It's snowing”，“It”指代天气，现在进行时表示正在下雪的状态。
6. 答案：important for us
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + for sb. + to - 不定式”，“important”描述“know how to keep safe in bad weather”这件事的性质，所以用“for us”。
7. 答案：very kind
- 解析：“It's + 描述人的品质的形容词 + of sb. + to - 不定式”，“kind”是描述人的品质，“very”修饰“kind”，所以是“very kind”。
8. 答案：very hard
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“hard”表示“困难的”，“very”修饰“hard”，表示“很难”，所以是“very hard”。
9. 答案：very interesting
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“interesting”表示“有趣的”，“very”修饰“interesting”，表示“很有趣”，所以是“very interesting”。
10. 答案：dangerous
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“dangerous”表示“危险的”，所以是“dangerous”。
11. 答案：necessary
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“necessary”表示“必要的”，所以是“necessary”。
12. 答案：exciting
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“exciting”表示“令人兴奋的”，所以是“exciting”。
13. 答案：important
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“important”表示“重要的”，所以是“important”。
14. 答案：very pleasant
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“pleasant”表示“惬意的”，“very”修饰“pleasant”，表示“很惬意”，所以是“very pleasant”。
15. 答案：impossible
- 解析：“It's + 形容词 + to - 不定式”，“impossible”表示“不可能的”，所以是“impossible”。
四、句型转换
1. 答案：It is; to learn
- 解析：“To learn about different weather tools is useful.”用“it”作形式主语改写，“It”作形式主语放句首，真正主语“to learn about different weather tools”放句末，原句是一般现在时，所以是“It is useful to learn about different weather tools”。
2. 答案：What's the weather like
- 解析：对“sunny”（天气状况）提问，用“What's the weather like... ”句型，所以是“What's the weather like today ”。
3. 答案：What's the temperature today
- 解析：对“25 degrees Celsius”（温度）提问，用“What's the temperature... ”句型，所以是“What's the temperature today ”。
4. 答案：How far
- 解析：对“a long way”（距离）提问，用“How far”，所以是“How far is it from your home to the park ”。
5. 答案：Was it
- 解析：原句是一般过去时，改为一般疑问句，把“was”提前，“it”位置不变，所以是“Was it difficult to predict the weather in the past ”。

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