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【满分攻略】 专题七 动词-小升初英语复习精讲精练（全国通用版）
表示动作或状态的词叫作动词。
表示动作的词: ask, go, walk等。
表示状态的词: have, be, keep等。
[考点1]动词的分类
按照动词的词义和在句子中的作用，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
1.实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词，能独立作谓语。实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)及物动词后可直接跟宾语。
I saw a cat.我看见了一只猫。
He is reading a story. 他正在读一个故事。
(2)不及物动词后通常不直接跟宾语。
They work in a factory. 他们在工厂工作。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
2.系动词
系动词也叫连系动词，不能单独作谓语，必须和名词、形容词等一起使用才能作句子的谓语。
be动词是最基本的系动词。它包括am，is，are及这三个词的相应变化形式。例如：
I am a student.我是一名学生。
I was a student ten years ago. 十年前我是一名学生。
除 be 动词外, look, sound, feel, seem,smell, taste等感官动词也是系动词。如:
That sounds interesting. 那听上去很有趣。
Mike seems very sad. 迈克看起来很伤心。
3.助动词
助动词本身无词义，它和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定和疑问结构,常用的助动词有 do/ does/ did,have/ has/ had, should, will/ would等。
Do you like pears 你喜欢梨吗
Does he like playing basketball 他喜欢打篮球吗
Would you like a cup of tea 你要不要来一杯茶
4.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情绪。
常用的情态动词有: can, could, may, must,will, should等。
I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。
May I borrow your pencil 我可以借你的铅笔吗
Shall we meet at the school gate 我们在学校门口见面，怎么样
[考点2]动词的基本形式
1.动词原形
动词原形是动词未经任何变化的原本形式。 如: have, do, go等。
2.动词的第三人称单数形式
变化规则 例 词
一般情况在词尾加-s play— plays get— gets
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词，通常在词尾加-es guess— guesses fix— fixes teach— teaches wash— washes go— goes
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es fly— flies cry— cries study—— studies
3.动词的过去式
(1)规则变化
变化规则 例 词
一般情况在词尾加-ed play— played look— looked
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d live— lived like— liked hope— hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed cry— cried study— studied carry— carried
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop— stopped plan— planned drop— dropped
(2)不规则变化
原形 过去式 原形 过去式
is/ am was sit sat
are were cut cut
bring brought give gave
buy bought sing sang
begin began write wrote
come came do did
meet met have had
go went see saw
win won eat ate
hit hit set set
run ran swim swam
keep kept know knew
read read drive drove
speak spoke wear wore
draw drew fly flew
find found build built
sleep slept tell told
think thought sweep swept
hear heard learn learnt/learned
stand stood take took
feel felt lose lost
make made say said
teach taught put put
sell sold send sent
forget forgot can could
fall fell feed fed
hide hid hurt hurt
blow blew break broke
throw threw leave left
mean meant may might
4.动词的现在分词形式
变化规则 例 词
一般情况在词尾加-ing play— playing look— looking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live—— living like—— liking come— coming
以 ie结尾的动词，先将 ie变为y,再加-ing die— dying lie— lying
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing swim— swimming run— running sit—— sitting
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Ⅰ.按要求写单词。
1. fly(第三人称单数形式)
2. run(现在分词)
3. buy(过去式)
4. take(过去式)
5. sit(现在分词)
6. spoke(原形)
7. swim (现在分词)
8.come (过去式)
9. wash (第三人称单数形式)
10. drop (过去式)
Ⅱ.用be动词的正确形式填空。
1. How old you
2. Sarah and Mike students.
3. This my mother.
4. There some water on the floor.
5. Mary in the classroom
6. Where your parents now
7. These my classmates. They are very friendly.
8. Where I
9. I have a little dog. It very cute.
10.— What you doing
— We' re reading English.
Ⅲ.用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. The old man (move) to a new house last month.
2. Would you like (buy) things for New Year's Day
3. They enjoy (play) basketball.
4. Mike (not like) cooking.
5. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.
6.—— What did you do on your holiday
—I (go) swimming.
7. The boy (draw) a picture now.
8. He (do) his homework every day. But he (not do) it yesterday.
9. Let me (help) you find your pencil.
10. John's mum often (play) the piano for fun.
Ⅳ.单项选择。
( ) 1. Do you want
A. to go to school B. speak English
C. go home D. to the door
( ) 2.— Must I stay at home, Mum
—— No, you .
A. needn't B. mustn't C. don't D. may not
( )3. Where are my shoes I can't them now.
A. finds B. finding C. look D. find
( ) 4. the kite like this!
A. Flying B. Flies C. Fly D. To fly
( ) 5.— Where you from
—I from China.
A. does; come B. are; am
C. are; comes D. do; comes
( )6. The teacher me a question just now but I couldn't it.
A. asked; answer B. asks; answer
C. asking; answering D. asked; answers
( )7. We to the zoo and a lot of animals yesterday.
A. go; see B. went; saw
C. goes; sees D. went; see
( ) 8. — Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station
— Oh, sorry, I don't know. You go and ask that policeman.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
V.根据句意及首字母提示填空，补全短文。
Today i August 10th. Yesterday w Mary's birthday. She w a pretty dress. Her mother g up early and c some noodles for her. Her father b a big cake for her. Then they w to a zoo. The zoo i so big. They could s many animals there. They h a good time yesterday.
Ⅵ.根据括号内所给的时间提示改写句子。
1. We play ping-pong every day. (last Friday)
2. The boy is washing his clothes.(every day)
3. I often play football with my friends. (tomorrow)
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.1. flies2. running 3. bought 4. took 5. sitting6. speak 7. swimming 8. came 9. washes 10. dropped
Ⅱ. 1. are 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. Is 6. are 7. are8. am 9. is 10. are
Ⅲ.1. moved 2. to buy 3. playing 4. doesn't like5. looks 6. went 7. is drawing 8. does, didn't do9. help 10. plays
Ⅳ.1. A2. A3. D 4. C5. B6. A7. B8. AV. is, was, wore, got, cooked, bought, went, is, see, had
Ⅵ. 1. We played ping-pong last Friday.
2. The boy washes his clothes every day.
3. I will/ am going to play football with my friends tomorrow.

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