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《2025 新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》
主谓一致现在分词过去分词高考真题65 例 解析版
主谓一致真题再练
考点一：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）。
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
答案：walks
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。
walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在
时，主语 the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks。
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo
and Juliet.”
答案：were
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡
丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，
本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填 were。
3（. 2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)
at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案：was built
考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟
步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态
为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。
故填 was built。
4.（2024 全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome
weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
答案：were
考查时态。句意：他们是一个由 15 人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的
自然美景。本空前 They 指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为 1870 年，同时联系后文 had spent 的过去完成时
可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填 were。
5. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
答案：were used
解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可
以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语 long ago 可知，应用一般过去时，主语 Fountain pens 和动词 use
之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。
6.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
答案：have started
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分
成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词 start 意为“开始”。故填 have started。
7.（2023 北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
答案：has established
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由 Up to now(到目
前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是 China，助动词应用 has，故填 has established。
8.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence
of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
答案：was amazed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was
able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词
amaze 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was amazed。
9.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
答案：has increased
解析：考查现在完成时。句意：自从 2019 年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了 300%。根据句中 since 2019，
可知此处用现在完成时。主语 The use of those plastics 为单数含义，助动词用 has。故填 has increased。
10.（2022 新课标 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有
的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在 that 引导的限制性定
语从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”
可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填 were。
11.（2022 全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
答案：has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的 34 个国家，2016 年，他到达了乞
力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语 in the last five years 可知，此处应用现在完成时，主
语 Cao 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has walked。
12.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
答案：has increased
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从 2019 年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了 300%。根据句中 since 2019，
可知此处用现在完成时。主语 The use of those plastics 为单数含义，助动词用 has。故填 has increased。
13.（2022 浙江 1 月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of
them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：have promised
【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有 200
个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，
故填 have promised。
14.（2021 新课标 II 卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the
biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
答案：was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语
从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数
名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填 was。
15.（2021 浙江 1 月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
答案：is considered
【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有 and 连接，所以 and 后面的句子是需要有完
整谓语的，BMI 属于专有名词，用谓语 is considered 即可。
16.（2021 浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in
perfect order.
答案：was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The
little home 作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用
被动语态；根据上文的 was built 可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是 was/were+过
去分词；主语 The little home 是单数第三人称，所以要用 was，提示词 paint 的过去分词形式是 painted。故
填 was painted。
17.（2021 新课标 I 卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
_________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
答案：was
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数 it，时间状语是 then，所以用 was。
18.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
答案：was built
【解析】句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为
谓语，动词 build 和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语 the Tang dynasty
可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语 it 为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填 was built。
19.（2021 北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案： has been
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去 20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，
这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 over the past 20 years 可知，此处使用现在完成时，
a dramatic rise 是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has been。
20.（2022 新课标 II 卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
答案：was fixing
【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的
when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时
该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix 为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为 was fixing。故
填 was fixing。
考点二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）。
21. (2017 江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly
praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
答案：was
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。Great Expectations 是英国小说家狄更斯的名著《远大前程》，表示书籍、单
位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是 was。
考点三：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）。
22.（2021 北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：has been
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去 20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急
剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 over the past 20 years 可知，此处使用现
在完成时，a dramatic rise 是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has been。
23. (2019 江苏) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last
three months.
答案：has given
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。in the last three months 常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members
是介词短语，真正主语是 The musician。故答案是 has given。
24. (2019 天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last
week.
答案：was given
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。last week 常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers 表示“也，而且”，谓
语与真正的主语 Tom 保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是 was given。
25. (2017 天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best
all-round forms of exercise.
答案：is regarded
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。Nowadays 常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming 是介词
短语，真正主语是 cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是 is regarded。
现在分词真题再练
考点一：考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
1.(2024 新课标 II 卷) (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in
Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony
Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
答案：Recalling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前
来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson 说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是
如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，
用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填 Recalling。
2. (2024 北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went
flying and landed in the grass.
答案：knocking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓
语 ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock 与逻辑主语 some kids 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式 knocking 作
状语。故填 knocking。
3.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
答案：borrowing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环
境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓
语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语 her fable 与 borrow 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
故填 borrowing。
4.（2023 全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of
old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
答案：Having visited
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”
之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完
成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填 Having visited。
5.（2023 天津 3 月卷）________(date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of
history.
答案：Dating
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧的起源可以追溯到 18 世纪，距今已有 200 多年的历史。date back to“追
溯到，始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词，没有被动语态；根据句中已有谓语动词 has，且无连词，可知
此处要用非调语动词，此处是现在分词形式作状语。故填 Dating。
6.（2022 新课标 I 卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
设空处在句中作非谓语，cover 和句子的逻辑主语 the GPNP 为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状
语，首字母大写。故填 Covering。
7.（2022 全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five
months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9 月 20 日，他从 4700 公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回
到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词 flew，所以动词 plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan 与主语 He
之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填 planning。
8.（2022 全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world
to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，
邀请了来自世界各地的 49 名茶叶专业人士进行 56 小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语 the
event 与 invite 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填 inviting。
9.（2021 新课标 II 卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is
food.
答案：thinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句
子结构，___________ (think)it is food.用作状语，think 与其逻辑主语 many sea animals 之间是主动关系，用
现在分词，所以填 thinking。
10.（2021 北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________
(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
答案：resulting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2000 年至 2019 年，全球共发生重大自然灾害 7348 起，造成经济损失 2.97
万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world 与 result 是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，
应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填 resulting。
11.（2019 全国 III 卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
答案：listening
解析：考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以 70 题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音
乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，
and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening。
考点二：考查现在分词短语作定语（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
12.（2023 新课标 II 卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
答案：visiting。
解析：考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常
来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit 对应
的形容词为 visiting“来访的”。故填 visiting。
13．（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly
_________(originate) from Europe and China.
答案：originating
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表，主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓
语 has，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰 fine clocks，且动词 originate(源于)和 fine clocks
是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填 originating。
14（2022 新课标 II 卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry
ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall)
child.
答案：falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了 100 米，跳过了
1.2 米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的 hold out 为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。
根据句意，fall 为动词，意为“掉落”， child 和 fall 之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使
用现在分词作定语。故填 falling。
15.（2022 浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that
of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案：existing, sighted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉 斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们
现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词 existing 作定语，修饰 sense。
形容词 sighted 作定语修饰名词 people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填 existing, sighted。
16（2021 新课标 I 卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the
whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
答案：aching
解析：考查非谓语动词。修饰 legs 用现在分词 aching，表示主动和进行的动作。故填 aching。
17.（2021 浙江 1 月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside,
including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。
故填 living。
18.（2019 全国 II 卷）When we got a call ___________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
答案：saying
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解释名
词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。
考点三：考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
19.（2023 新课标 I 卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left ___________ (want) more next time.
答案：wanting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是
想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want 是主语补足语，根
据句意，I 与 want 之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词 wanting。故填 wanting。
20.（ 2020 全国 III 卷） And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
答案：surrounding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句
子结构可知，the soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops 是独立主格结构做状语，surround 在
句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 surrounding。
过去分词真题再练
考点一：考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
1.（2025 八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the
“soul” of a national tradition.
答案：written
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词 forms，需
用形容词 written“书写的”，作前置定语。故填 written。
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案: inspired
考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟
步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词
“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填 inspired。
3.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
答案: designed
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。
动词 design 意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语 packs 构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应
用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 designed。
4（. 2023新课标I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians
will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
答案:recognized
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小
镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词 home 前面作定语，recognize 与 home 是逻辑上动宾关系，需填
过去分词 recognized 作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填 recognized。
5.（2023 全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
答案：intended。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended
for 打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填 intended。
6.（2023 全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
答案：built。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是 3000 多年辉煌历史
的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，
表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填 built。
7. (2023 天 津 3 月 卷 )The hero’s touching story ________(post) online has drawn thousands of “likes” and
hundreds of comments from the public.
答案：posted
解析：考查非谓语动词、句意：这位英雄的感人故事被张贴在网上，已经吸引了成千上万的“赞”和数百条
公众评论。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。post 和名词 story 是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用
过去分词作定语。故填 posted。
8（. 2023 浙江 1 月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric
(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
答案：surrounded。
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子
结构，was 是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语 the Forbidden City 和 surround 之间是
动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填 surrounded。
9.（2022 全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越
这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词 decided，所以 hold 应用非谓语动
词形式，hold 与 cooperation 之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填 held。
10.（2021 浙江卷 1 月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________
(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案：studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1985 年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的 BMIs 高
于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是 had，所以 study 用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主
语是 countries，表被动关系，故填 studied。
11（. 2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,
________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
答案：caused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去 20 年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，
这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events 与 cause
是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填 caused。
12（. 2020北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
答案：found
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人
比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为 suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动
关系。故答案为 found。
考点二：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
13.（2021 新课标 I 卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________(astonish).
答案：astonished
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"
吃惊的",故填 astonished.
14.（2020 全国 II 卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中 them
指代前句中的 orange trees，与 decorate 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
考点三：考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）
15（. 2024新课标I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold
weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
答案：closed
考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于 stays 之后
作表语，应用形容词 closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填 closed。
16.（2021 全国 II 卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
答案：excited
解析：考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作 was 之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用
v+ed 形式的形容词，所以填 excited。
17（. 2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel_____________(challenge).
答案： challenged
解析：考查非谓语动词。feel 为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词 challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用
过去分词。
考点四：考查过去分词短语作状语（多表示与句子主语之间被动关系）
18. (2023 天津 3 月卷)_________(try) several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually
succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
答案: Having tried
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在两个月的时间里，这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整，最终成功地构建
了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为 succeeded，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语 the engineer 与 try“尝试”为主
动关系，且此处强调动作 try 发生在谓语 succeeded 之前，应用现在分词的完成式 having tried，作状语。故
填 Having tried。
19.（2018· 北京）Ordinary soap, if_________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案：used
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can
deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_________ correctly 是条件状语，修饰 ordinary soap，ordinary soap 和
use 之间是被动关系，故填 used。
考点五：考查过去分词短语作插入语
20.（2020 浙江卷 1 月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案：compared
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而
言，人口比以前老龄化。Compare 与 old generation 之间表示被动关系，故填 compared。《2025 新高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典》
主谓一致现在分词过去分词高考真题65 例 原卷版
主谓一致真题再练
考点一：语法一致（谓语动词的单复数要与主语单复数保持一致）。
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo
and Juliet.”
3（. 2024新课标II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)
at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.（2024 全国甲卷）They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome
weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
5. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
6.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
7.（2023 北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
8.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence
of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
9.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
10.（2022 新课标 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
11.（2022 全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
12.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
13.（2022 浙江 1 月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of
them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
14.（2021 新课标 II 卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the
biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
15.（2021 浙江 1 月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
16.（2021 浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in
perfect order.
17.（2021 新课标 I 卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
_________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
18.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
19.（2021 北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
20.（2022 新课标 II 卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
考点二：意义一致（一些集体名词需要根据其语境含义确定谓语单复数形式）。
21. (2017 江苏)The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________(be) both widely reviewed and highly
praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
考点三：就近一致（either..or, neither…nor…, not only…but also….等）。
22.（2021 北京卷）There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
23. (2019 江苏) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last
three months.
24. (2019 天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last
week.
25. (2017 天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best
all-round forms of exercise.
现在分词真题再练
考点一：考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
1.(2024 新课标 II 卷) (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in
Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony
Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
2. (2024 北京卷)Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went
flying and landed in the grass.
3.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
4.（2023 全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of
old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
5.（2023 天津 3 月卷）________(date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of
history.
6.（2022 新课标 I 卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
7.（2022 全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five
months.
8.（2022 全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world
to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
9.（2021 新课标 II 卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is
food.
10.（2021 北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________
(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
11.（2019 全国 III 卷）On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
考点二：考查现在分词短语作定语（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
12.（2023 新课标 II 卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
13．（2023天津6月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly
_________(originate) from Europe and China.
14（2022 新课标 II 卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry
ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall)
child.
15.（2022 浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that
of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
16（2021 新课标 I 卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the
whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
17.（2021 浙江 1 月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside,
including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
18.（2019 全国 II 卷）When we got a call ___________（say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
考点三：考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
19.（2023 新课标 I 卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left ___________ (want) more next time.
20.（ 2020 全国 III 卷） And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
过去分词真题再练
考点一：考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
1.（2025 八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the
“soul” of a national tradition.
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
4（. 2023新课标I卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians
will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
5.（2023 全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
6.（2023 全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
7. (2023 天 津 3 月 卷 )The hero’s touching story ________(post) online has drawn thousands of “likes” and
hundreds of comments from the public.
8（. 2023 浙江 1 月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in concentric
(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
9.（2022 全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
10.（2021 浙江卷 1 月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________
(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
11（. 2021北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,
________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
12（. 2020北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
考点二：考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
13.（2021 新课标 I 卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________(astonish).
14.（2020 全国 II 卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
考点三：考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）
15（. 2024新课标I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold
weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
16.（2021 全国 II 卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
17（. 2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel_____________(challenge).
考点四：考查过去分词短语作状语（多表示与句子主语之间被动关系）
18. (2023 天津 3 月卷)_________(try) several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually
succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
19.（2018· 北京）Ordinary soap, if_________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
考点五：考查过去分词短语作插入语
20.（2020 浙江卷 1 月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population

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