资源简介 Unit 5 Green neighbourhood语法精讲精练(含解析)情态动词关于情态动词can, could, may, should, must的语法讲解,具体信息如下:一、情态动词基本性质情态动词属于助动词,不能单独使用,需要和其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。二、各情态动词功能及示例can1.表示能力:表示某人有做某事的能力。I can use plastic bottles to make works of art(我能用塑料瓶制作艺术品 )2.提供劝告或建议:向他人提供建议。We can tell people to put plastic bottles in the recycling bin.(我们可以告诉人们把塑料瓶放进回收箱 )3.表达询问或请求:请求他人做某事或给予某物。Can you help me with this box (你能帮我搬这个箱子吗? )Can I have a bottle of water, please (请问我能喝瓶水吗? )4.表示允许:表明某人被允许做某事。The battery is full. Can I unplug the charger (电池充满了。我能拔掉充电器吗? );You can't litter here.(你不能在这里乱扔垃圾 )could1.表示过去所具备的能力:说明过去有做某事的能力。Jane could make a cloth bag out of her old green T-shirt at the age of seven.(简七岁时就能用她的旧绿T恤做布袋了 )2.表达询问或请求:礼貌地询问是否能做某事。Could I open the window to make the room bright (我能打开窗户让房间亮些吗? )3.提供劝告或建议:给出建议。We could save paper by writing on both sides.(我们可以通过在纸的两面书写来节约用纸 )may1.表达可能性:表示某事有发生的可能性。I may be late for the school cleaning activity.(我可能会迟到学校的清洁活动 )2.表达礼貌的询问或请求:礼貌地询问能否做某事May I turn off the lights (我可以关灯吗? )3.表达许可:表示某人被允许做某事。You may go there by underground rather than by car.(你可以乘地铁而不是开车去那里 )should1.纠正他人:指出他人说法或做法的错误。A: Mary is a good typewriter. B: You should say "typist".(A:玛丽是个好打字机。 B:你应该说“打字员” )2.提供劝告或建议:给出建议。We should take a shower instead of a bath to save water.(我们应该用淋浴而不是盆浴来节约用水 )must1.谈论或询问义务:涉及必须履行的义务。We must always be careful with electricity.(我们必须一直小心用电 )2.制定规则和发布指令:制定规则、下达命令。You must not park in front of the entrance.(你禁止在入口前停车 )3.表示“肯定”的猜测:基于逻辑做出肯定推测。You must be tired after a long walk.(走了很长一段路后,你肯定累了 )语法精练一、单项选择(每题1分,共20分)1. —______ you play the guitar I need someone for the school show.—Yes, I can.A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must2. You ______ eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health.A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. may not3. —______ I borrow your dictionary Mine is at home.—Sure. Here you are.A. Must B. May C. Should D. Need4. When I was ten, I ______ swim, but I can swim very well now.A. can't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't5. We ______ turn off the lights before we leave the classroom. It's a good habit.A. can B. may C. should D. could6. Look at the sky. It ______ rain. We'd better take an umbrella.A. can B. may C. must D. should7. —______ you help me with my math problems They're too difficult.—Sure! Let me have a look.A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Need8. You ______ park your car here. It's a no - parking zone.A. can B. must C. mustn't D. could9. He ______ speak French fluently when he lived in France.A. can B. could C. may D. must10. —______ I watch TV after finishing my homework —Yes, you can.A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should11. We ______ save water. Every drop counts.A. can B. must C. may D. could12. She ______ be in the library. She loves reading and often goes there.A. can B. may C. must D. should13. —______ we go to the zoo this Sunday —Good idea! I like animals.A. Can B. May C. Shall D. Must14. You ______ be careful when you cross the road.A. can B. may C. must D. could15. We ______ plant more trees to make our city greener.A. can B. should C. may D. could16. —______ I take this magazine home —Sorry, you can't. You must read it here.A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should17. The students ______ keep quiet in the reading room.A. can B. must C. may D. could18. —______ you play chess —Yes, but I'm not very good at it.A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must19. You ______ wear a seatbelt when you drive. It's the law.A. can B. must C. may D. could20. —______ I have a piece of cake It looks delicious.—Of course. Help yourself.A. Can B. May C. Must D. Should二、句型转换(每题2分,共10分)1. I can play the violin.(改为一般疑问句)______ ______ play the violin 2. You should clean your room every day.(改为否定句)You ______ ______ your room every day.3. He may be at home.(对划线部分提问)______ ______ he be 4. We must wear school uniforms at school.(对划线部分提问)______ ______ we ______ at school 5. They could swim when they were young.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)—______ they swim when they were young —No, ______ ______.三、根据汉语意思完成句子(每题2分,共10分)1. 你能帮我打扫教室吗?______ you ______ me clean the classroom 2. 我们应该节约用水,保护我们的环境。We ______ save water and ______ our environment.3. 我可以用一下你的手机吗?______ I ______ your mobile phone 4. 他肯定在图书馆,因为他喜欢看书。He ______ ______ in the library because he loves reading.5. 你不可以在教室里吃东西。You ______ ______ in the classroom.一、单项选择(每题1分,共20分)1. 答案:A。根据答语“Yes, I can.”可知,问句是询问能力,用Can引导,Can you... 表示“你能……吗?”,用于询问对方是否具备某种能力。Could you... 也可表示请求,但更侧重于礼貌;May you... 通常不用于询问能力;Must you... 表示“你必须……吗?”,不符合语境,所以选A。2. 答案:C。“It's bad for your health.”表明吃太多垃圾食品对健康有害,此处是给出建议,shouldn't表示“不应该” ,符合语境。can't表示“不能”,强调没有能力或不被允许;mustn't表示“禁止”,语气较强;may not表示“可能不”,均不符合,所以选C。3. 答案:B。May I... 用于礼貌地请求许可,意为“我可以……吗?”,这里是请求借用字典,用May符合语境。Must I... 意为“我必须……吗?”;Should I... 意为“我应该……吗?”;Need I... 意为“我需要……吗?”,均不符合请求借用的语境,所以选B。4. 答案:B。“When I was ten”表明是过去的情况,“but I can swim very well now”说明过去不会游泳,couldn't表示过去没有某种能力,can't用于一般现在时;mustn't表示“禁止”;shouldn't表示“不应该”,所以选B。5. 答案:C。“turn off the lights before we leave the classroom”是一个好的行为习惯,should表示“应该”,用于提出建议。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could是can的过去式,也可用于更礼貌地请求或表示过去的能力,在此处表示建议,should更合适,所以选C。6. 答案:B。“Look at the sky.”和“We'd better take an umbrella.”说明根据天空的状况推测可能会下雨,may表示可能性,意为“可能”。can表示能力、许可等;must表示“必须”或肯定推测(语气比may强);should表示“应该”,所以选B。7. 答案:A。请求对方帮忙解决数学问题,Can you... 用于请求对方做某事,语气较为直接。Must you... 意思不符;Should you... 通常用于询问对方应该做某事吗;Need you... 表示“你需要……吗?”,不符合请求帮忙的语境,所以选A。8. 答案:C。“It's a no - parking zone.”表明此处禁止停车,mustn't表示“禁止”。can表示许可或能力;must表示“必须”;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选C。9. 答案:B。“when he lived in France”是过去的时间,说明他过去在法国时能流利说法语,could表示过去的能力。can用于一般现在时;may表示可能性或许可;must表示“必须”或肯定推测,所以选B。10. 答案:A。根据答语“Yes, you can.”可知,问句是询问是否可以做某事,Can I... 用于询问自己是否被允许做某事,语气较为直接。May I... 也可询问许可,但更礼貌;Must I... 和Should I... 不符合询问能否看电视的语境,所以选A。11. 答案:B。“save water. Every drop counts.”强调节约用水的必要性,must表示“必须”,语气强烈,强调义务。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选B。12. 答案:C。“She loves reading and often goes there.”表明根据她的喜好和习惯推测她肯定在图书馆,must表示肯定推测,意为“一定,肯定”。can表示能力、许可等,用于否定推测或疑问句中表示推测;may表示可能性,语气比must弱;should表示“应该”,所以选C。13. 答案:C。Shall we... 用于提出建议,征求对方意见,意为“我们……好吗?”,这里是提议去动物园,用Shall符合语境。Can we... 和May we... 也可表示请求许可,但Shall we... 更侧重于提议;Must we... 表示“我们必须……吗?”,不符合提议的语境,所以选C。14. 答案:C。过马路时小心是必须要做到的,must表示“必须”,强调义务和必要性。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选C。15. 答案:B。“plant more trees to make our city greener”是为了让城市更环保提出的建议,should表示“应该”,用于提出建议。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选B。16. 答案:A。询问是否可以把杂志带回家,Can I... 用于询问自己是否被允许做某事,语气较为直接。May I... 也可询问许可,但答语中用了“you can't”,用Can更合适;Must I... 和Should I... 不符合询问能否带杂志回家的语境,所以选A。17. 答案:B。在阅览室保持安静是学生必须遵守的规定,must表示“必须”,强调规则和义务。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选B。18. 答案:A。询问对方是否会下棋,Can you... 用于询问对方是否具备某种能力,Could you... 也可询问能力,但更礼貌;May you... 通常不用于询问能力;Must you... 表示“你必须……吗?”,不符合语境,所以选A。19. 答案:B。“It's the law.”表明开车系安全带是法律规定,必须要做,must表示“必须”,强调义务。can表示能力或许可;may表示可能性或许可;could表示过去的能力或更礼貌的请求,所以选B。20. 答案:A。询问是否可以吃一块蛋糕,Can I... 用于询问自己是否被允许做某事,语气较为直接。May I... 也可询问许可,但此处用Can更口语化;Must I... 和Should I... 不符合询问能否吃蛋糕的语境,所以选A。二、句型转换(每题2分,共10分)1. 答案:Can you。含有情态动词can的陈述句变一般疑问句时,将can提到句首,第一人称I变为第二人称you,所以是Can you play the violin 2. 答案:shouldn't clean。should的否定形式是shouldn't,后面接动词原形,所以是You shouldn't clean your room every day.3. 答案:Where may。对地点“at home”提问用疑问词where,原句中含有情态动词may,变疑问句时将may提到主语前,所以是Where may he be 4. 答案:What must; do。对“wear school uniforms”(动作)提问用疑问词what,原句中含有情态动词must,变疑问句时将must提到主语前,用do代替原句中的动词短语,所以是What must we do at school 5. 答案:Could; they couldn't。含有情态动词could的陈述句变一般疑问句时,将could提到句首,其否定回答是No, 主语 + couldn't. 所以是Could they swim when they were young No, they couldn't.三、根据汉语意思完成句子(每题2分,共10分)1. 答案:Can; help。“能帮我”用Can you help me... 表示请求帮助,所以填Can; help。2. 答案:should; protect。“应该”用should,“保护”用protect,should后接动词原形,所以填should; protect。3. 答案:May; use。“可以用”用May I use... 表示礼貌地请求使用某物,所以填May; use。4. 答案:must be。“肯定在”用must be表示肯定推测,所以填must be。5. 答案:mustn't eat。“不可以”用mustn't表示禁止,“吃”用eat,mustn't后接动词原形,所以填mustn't eat。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 5 Green neighbourhood语法精讲精练 - 2024-2025学年沪教版五四制(2024)六年级下册英语.docx 答案解析.docx