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推理判断解题技巧
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude, learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might, would 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，most likely 等。
方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符合逻辑的结论。
陷阱：①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述） ②注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆断）
③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
1.细节推断类
细节推断类多为推断文章细节或作者观点、态度，其常见设问方式如下所示：
From this passage, we can infer/know/learn that __________.
What can we learn from the passage /What do you know about...
The writer probably agrees that __________.
细节推断题实际考查的是对文章细节的理解，选项中只有1项与原文表述一致，其他3个选项均为对原文的错误表述。该类型题目可以用判断正误法来解。
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce（减少）food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction.For example, （C选项对应原文） stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality（质量）. （B选项对应原文）Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
（D选项对应原文）One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
（A选项对应原文）Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
问：What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
解题步骤：
Step 1 画出选项关键词，根据关键词找到ABCD四个选项对应的原文内容。
Step 2 比对选项及其对应的原文内容，判断选项正误。
A选项对应的原文提到“食物回收的相关工作已经在进行中”，并没有说已经取得了巨大成功，故A项错误；
B选项对应原文是说“有时非顶级食品也很好吃，也能用来做美食”，而不是说应该放弃，故B项错误；
C选项对应原文是说“商店应该为顾客提供指导，告诉人们如何充分利用食物”，而不是“培训人们做美食”，故C项错误；
D选项对应原文提到“最难以实现的解决方法之一是按计划购买和准备食物”，与该选项意思相符，故D项正确。
2. 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it.
Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress.
According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______.
A. very necessary B. not helpful at all
C. very boring D. not important
Step1：定位到段：分析理解题干和选项后，结合题干关键词“English exercises and tests”可定位至第二段。
Step2：定位到句：定位至线索句“However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English”
Step3：定位答案：根据文中However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English可知，通过做练习和参加考试，你可以真正提高你的英语水平，即做练习和测试非常有必要。故选A。
观点态度判定法
观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。
What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful.
What does the writer think of doing chores
A. He thinks it's a waste of time.
B. He thinks it's the parents' job.
C. He can't understand.
D. He thinks it's good for students.
Step1：定位线索句 题干询问作者对于做家务的态度，关键词是doing chores，由此定位线索句为“Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful.”；
Step2：分析线索句 线索句意为“做家务可以让学生有责任感，教会他们规则和团队合作的精神。此外，它可以使学生的在校经历更有意义。”，由此可知作者对于做家务的态度是积极的，是支持认可的；
Step3：选定答案 结合选项可知，be good for students 对学生有益 符合作者的观点态度，正确答案为D。
语境推断法（适用于推断某句/某段的写作目的）
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation（适应）..Consider,for example,hunting(打猎). It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.
At the same time, the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
问：Why does the writer talk about . .hunting in Paragraph 3
A. To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B. To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C. To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D. To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
解题步骤 ：
Step 1 画出题干关键词，找到对应原文。
Step 2 深入分析对应原文的语境，通过上下文的逻辑关系来判断写作意图。
文中hunting为举例内容，其目的是证实上文所提到的“文化的形成是生物适应的一部分”这一观点。
Step 3 对比选项，选出与对应原文意思最贴近的选项。
C选项的culture develops和humans adapt to the environment分别是对原文中the formation of culture和biological adaptation的同义转述。A、B、D选项只是对原文部分细节进行复现，并不是该段的写作目的。
5.主旨推断法（适用于推断整篇文章的写作目的）
A Pathway（路径） to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals,believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
问：What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
解题步骤：
要理解作者写一篇文章的目的，首先要弄清这篇文章的主旨大意，因为写作目的是围绕主旨大意的。
Step 1 通过主题句法/篇章结构法来分析篇章主旨大意。
Para. 1引出“什么构成有意义的生活”这一话题；
Para. 2许多研究者认为的构成有意义生活的3个因素；
Para. 3提出新观点——体验式欣赏（EA）;
Para. 4~Para. 7不同研究探索体验式欣赏是不是构成有意义生活的一个因素；
Para. 8得出结论并提出如何在实际生活中实践体验式欣赏。
全文主旨大意：体验式欣赏是构成有意义生活的一个新的因素。
Step 2 对比选项，找到涉及文章主旨大意的选项。
由本文主旨大意可知，C项的“介绍有意义的生活的一个新因素”就是本文的写作目的，故C项正确。
6.情景推断类
情景推断题考查对文中重点论述的某个观点/概念/方法的理解，选项一般为不同的生活情景，要求选出符合该观点/概念/方法的情景。常见的设问方式如下所示：
You were most probably in...condition when __________.
You will most probably experience...when you __________.
According to the writer, we can...by __________.
情景推断题考查的是文中重点论述的观点/概念/方法，原文一般会使用概念解释和示例来加以论述，因此可利用原文中的解释和示例来找出选项中与之相符的情景。
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
问：You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ______.
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
解题步骤：
Step 1 画出题干关键词。
Step 2 使用题干关键词到文中定位，画出对该观点/概念/方法的解释和示例。
原文解释了enjoyment的特点，即带有好奇感和成就感，能使人改变和成长；示例包括打网球提升能力、读书开启新视角、交谈中被激发出未曾意识到的想法。
Step 3 比对选项场景和原文中画出的内容，找出正确选项。
C选项与原文中having a conversation...know we had这一示例一致，且符合enjoyment能使人有获得感这一特点。
7.文章出处判定法
文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。
Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it As you learned more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept (概念), you found that there was a lot more to know about it.
Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea...
One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results...
Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take the first step.
We can usually read the passage in ______.
A. a storybook B. a newspaper
C. an advertisement D. a guidebook
Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“文章出处”，选项释义如下：
A. a storybook 故事书 B. a newspaper 报纸
C. an advertisement 广告 D. a guidebook 导游指南
Step2：总结归纳文章大意：通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了学习更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只是学习而不是实践，那么是时候改变现状，迈出第一步了。
Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在报纸当中出现。正确答案为B。
8.读者对象判定法
读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。
What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.
If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true.
Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future.
This passage is mainly written for ______.
A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police
Step1：题干选项理解：明确试题考查点为“读者对象”，选项释义如下：A. teachers 老师 B. parents 父母 C. child 孩子D. the police 警察
Step2：概括文章大意及线索句：通读全文可知本篇文章主要介绍了如何应对网络欺凌，特别是第二段中If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. 可知，当你收到有害信息时，你应该把它们交给老师、家长或警察。
Step3：定位答案：根据文章大意及线索句可知，本文主要是写给孩子的。确定答案为C。
9.论证方式判定法
论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。
The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether it s a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).
The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____
A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past.
B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner.
C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things
D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things.
Step1：分析理解题干：题干理解“提到三星首席执行官的演讲是为了证明......”；选项释义，A. 三星过去生产物联网。B. 物联网将更快地进入我们的日常生活。C. 他花了很多时间谈论物联网D. 三星的产品是物联网的一部分；
Step2：定位线索句：根据He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether it s a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).可知引用三星CEO的这段话，主要是为了证明第一句话：物联网的到来可能比你想象的要早。
Step3：定位答案：结合线索句分析可知其前后是例证关系。ACD三项均与段落大意无关，确定答案为B。
10.篇章结构判定法
篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best
(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 )
A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④
Step1：分析理解题干：分析题干可知，本题考查点是“文章结构”；
Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先总的来说人们对于好的礼仪有着不同的观点；第二段和第三段分别讲西方国家和中国在超市或饭店里的一些现象以及人们付钱的不同；第四段总结全文，当我们去别的国家旅游的时候要入乡随俗。
Step3：定位答案：结合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章属于总-分-总的结构，确定答案为A。
一.[2024长沙三模]C
Even though African elephants are protected, many of them are still being killed for their ivory.
At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa, but today, the number has fallen to around 500,000. This is mainly caused by illegal（非法的） hunting for ivory. The demand for ivory in markets, especially in Asia and Africa, continues to push the illegal trade. This has resulted in the deaths of at least 35,000 African elephants each year.
Ivory, also known as “white gold”, has long been considered valuable. Its unusual look has led to its use in lots of expensive things, including jewellery, musical instruments and art. And the ivory material itself can stand the test of time. So many people are willing to pay a high price for ivory products.
However, no matter how much real ivory is sold for, it’s certainly not worth the harm to elephants. That’s why some scientists are working to achieve the same beauty of ivory without killing any animals.
Thaddaa Rath and her team at the Vienna University of Technology have created the ivory called “Digory”. The high-tech ivory is made from synthetic resin（合成树脂） and calcium phosphate particles（磷酸钙颗粒）. It’s first formed into the shape by a 3D printer. And then it is color-matched and colored. Next, it is polished（抛光） to make it look like real natural ivory.
Although Digory looks so real that it is hard to tell it from real ivory, its chemical structure is completely different from that of the real one. Fritz Vollrath, a biologist who is against killing elephants for ivory, felt excited about the invention and spoke highly of it for the fact that Digory could save many elephants from risks.
Scientists have made some achievements, but we still need to do more research to make sure that they are widely used. It’s still hopeful that scientists may be able to protect African elephants by making high-tech materials to take the place of real ivory.
1．How does the author show the dangerous situations of elephants
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking a question.
2．Why do many people want to buy ivory products at high prices
A. For its common look.
B. For its long history.
C. For its high-quality material.
3．What do we know about making “Digory”
①Its steps. ②Its time. ③Its materials. ④Its cost.
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③
4．Which of the following does the writer agree with
A. Technology can take humans’ place in creating art.
B. It is almost impossible that Digory will be widely used.
C. The use of technology can support the protection of wildlife.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家研发出仿象牙，以减少非法猎杀非洲象现象，使其免遭象牙贸易威胁，促进野生动物保护。
[答案]1．B2．C3．C4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa, but today, the number has fallen to around 500,000.”以及第二段最后一句“This has resulted in the deaths of at least 35,000 African elephants each year.”可知，作者用列数字的方法展示了非洲象面临的危机。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段的第二、三句可知，象牙不同寻常的外观导致它被用于许多昂贵的东西，同时，象牙材料本身也经得起时间的考验，即象牙材料具有高质量。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The high-tech ivory is made from synthetic resin and calcium phosphate particles. It’s first formed into the shape by a 3D printer. And then...Next...”可知，作者介绍了制作Digory的原材料和制作步骤。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，科学家们有望能够通过制造高科技材料来代替真正的象牙从而保护非洲大象。所以可推测，作者认可科技可以助力保护野生动物。故选C。
二． [2024杭州一模]
Many people with physical disabilities think that they cannot do any sports. However, at Adaptive Outdoorz, we believe that everyone can do sports! We teach disabled people whitewater rafting, skiing, snowboarding, and many other exciting outdoor sports. Many disabled people don't do any sports because they think it's too dangerous for them. They are afraid that they will get hurt. However, in the past 12 years, we have proved（证明） to our students again and again that this is not true.
Our excellent coaches are very careful when they teach disabled people, so our students are always safe. In fact, many of our coaches have disabilities, too, so they really understand how their students feel. They also know that many people with disabilities need new challenges in their lives. When people with disabilities reach their goals successfully by trying something new, it is an exciting experience for them! Many students tell us that after they learned how to do a new sport, they discovered that they felt much more confident, not only about doing sports, but about all parts of their life. Here is what the father of one of our students said to us:
“My wife and I both love to ski. So when our daughter was born with a disability, we thought that unluckily she could never enjoy the sport that we love so much. When she was six, we heard about Adaptive Outdoorz, and we decided to take her to your ski school for one week. This was the best decision we ever made! We learned that when your child has a disability, you have to keep teaching her to do new and more difficult things. This teaches her how to take a risk. Being successful helps her to become a strong and happy person. Now our daughter says that skiing is easy, and she makes up her mind to learn how to snowboard! Thank you, Adaptive Outdoorz!”
1．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 1
A. It's too dangerous for disabled people to do sports.
B. It's not necessary to teach disabled people to do sports.
C. It's easier for disabled people to hurt others during sports.
D. It's useful for disabled teachers to teach disabled children.
2．What's the advantage of having disabled coaches in Adaptive Outdoorz
A. They are more confident and careful.
B. They always like to try something new.
C. They can understand their students' feelings.
D. They are really good at doing outdoor sports.
3．How does the writer support his opinion about Adaptive Outdoorz in the last paragraph
A. By telling a regrettable story.
B. By using a personal experience.
C. By providing some numbers.
D. By questioning some famous experts.
4．What's Adaptive Outdoorz according to the passage
A. Sports clubs for disabled coaches and teachers.
B. Training programs for parents with disabled children.
C. Summer camps for children who love outdoor sports.
D. Special programs for children and adults with disabilities.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Adaptive Outdoorz通过教授残疾人户外运动，帮助他们克服对运动的恐惧，增强自信心，享受生活。
[答案]1．A2．C3．B4．D
[解析]
1．推理判断题。根据画线词所在句的前后语境可知，此处的this指代的是前句“Many disabled people don't do any sports because they think it's too dangerous for them.”。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句“However, at Adaptive Outdoorz, we believe that everyone can do sports! We teach disabled people whitewater rafting, skiing, snowboarding, and many other exciting outdoor sports.”可推断，Adaptive Outdoorz是一个教残疾人运动的地方。故选D。
三．[2024长沙三模]B
The Last Leaf is a short story written by the US writer O. Henry, one of the most famous short story writers in history. His stories are known for their surprising endings, now called “O. Henry endings”.
In the story of The Last Leaf, Sue and Joanna are two artists living in New York City. Unfortunately, Joanna is ill and will probably die. In an apartment, something touching and unexpected happens. Let’s find out more in the following excerpt（节选）.
Sue looked out of the window. All she saw was an old yellow and green ivy（常春藤） plant. The half-dead plant had few leaves on it because of the autumn winds.
“There are only five, now,” said Joanna.
“Five what, dear What are you counting ”
“The ivy leaves,” replied Joanna. “When the last one falls, I must go, too. I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you ”
“Joanna, don’t say that. Now, have some soup and I’ll finish my picture.”
“I don’t want any soup,” said Joanna, looking out of the window. “Now there are only four.”
“Joanna, dear, try to sleep. I must ask Mr. Behrman to come up here. I want to draw a picture of him as a poor old miner.”
Mr. Behrman, who was over 60 years old, lived downstairs. He was a painter, too. But he never painted a good picture, and he drank a lot. Sue told him all about what Joanna was saying.
“She can’t really think that this will happen! The poor woman!” he cried.
...
Finally, there was only one last leaf on the ivy plant. After a few windy days, the leaf was still there.
“Susie,” said Joanna, “I’ve been a bad girl. That last leaf is telling me that it was very wrong of me to want to die. Bring me some soup, dear.”
The next day, the doctor said, “She’s out of danger. But poor Mr. Behrman downstairs is dying. There’s no hope for him, I’m afraid.”
That afternoon Sue went into Joanna’s bedroom.
“Joanna, dear, Mr. Behrman died today. And do you know why One terrible, cold wet night he took a ladder（梯子） and some green and yellow paint and he climbed up, and—oh, look at the last ivy leaf on the wall! Why didn’t it move in the wind It was Mr. Behrman’s last great picture. He painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”
1．What can we know about The Last Leaf according to the passage
A. It has an expected and exciting ending.
B. It tells a moving story happening in an apartment.
C. It is a long story written by the US writer O. Henry.
2．How long can Joanna live in the doctor’s eyes
A. For several days. B. For several months. C. For several years.
3．Why didn’t the last ivy leaf fall after a few windy days
A. Because it was painted on the wall.
B. Because the wind was not so strong.
C. Because the leaf was young and green.
4．What can we infer（推断） from the passage
A. Mr. Behrman was a very kind-hearted artist.
B. Sue was too busy to comfort her friend Joanna.
C. Joanna was a careless girl without hope in her life.
本文主要节选自美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说《最后一片叶子》。
[答案]1．B2．A3．A4．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In an apartment, something touching and unexpected happens.”可知，《最后一片叶子》讲述了一个发生在一个公寓里的感人故事。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“When the last one falls, I must go, too. I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you ”可知，医生说乔安娜在最后一片叶子掉落时会死，此时正值秋天，树叶几天就会掉光，所以在医生眼里乔安娜只能活几天。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Why didn’t it move in the wind It was Mr. Behrman’s last great picture. He painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”可知，这片叶子是被画上去的，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，伯曼先生在天气糟糕，寒冷潮湿的夜晚为生病的乔安娜画叶子，让她有活下去的希望，因此推断他是一个善良的画家，故选A。
四． [2023温州,B]
A marathon is a long running race of 26.2 miles （42.195 kilometers）. The first Olympic Marathon was held in Athens. Now, many cities host their own marathons every year. Some of the best-known marathons around the world are the New York City Marathon, the Boston Marathon and the Tokyo Marathon. Among them, the Boston Marathon which started in 1897, is the oldest yearly marathon in the world. As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race.
Themes of marathons add fun and meaning to the hard miles. Runners run for helping sick kids, celebrating important events, or just enjoying nature. There is a famous marathon in Gisborne, New Zealand, which is known for being the first city in the world to welcome the sunlight every day. Runners can greet the sunrise as they race along the golden sandy beaches.
Marathon routes bring people more understanding of the old sport. Some routes provide great sporting challenges for runners. The routes offer various surfaces, from bridges to sands to hills. Runners of all skill levels can sweat freely and push their limits（极限；限制） in the race. Some routes are well planned for runners to explore the many sides of a city. For example, the route of the Great Wall Marathon takes the runners along the great wonder of the world. The race can be an amazing chance to get to know Beijing, its people and local food.
A marathon is quite a journey for runners to enjoy the run, challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is so much more behind the race for us to explore.
1．According to the passage, the oldest yearly marathon is ______.
A. the Tokyo Marathon B. the Olympic Marathon
C. the Boston Marathon D. the New York City Marathon
2．What might be the theme of the marathon in Gisborne
A. First Light. B. Lively Kids. C. Green Miles. D. Fun Beach.
3．The writer uses the example of the Great Wall Marathon to tell that the route ______.
A. is difficult to plan B. shows the city culture
C. offers different surfaces D. brings challenge to runners
4．What's the best title for the passage
A. Marathon: Not Just a Race B. Marathon: Routes and Rules
C. Marathon: History and Themes D. Marathon: A Race for Everyone
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了马拉松的历史、主题、路线以及举办马拉松的目的和意义，说明马拉松已经不仅仅是一项比赛。
[答案]1．C2．A3．B4．A
[解析]
2．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“There is a famous marathon in Gisborne...to welcome the sunlight every day.”可推知该马拉松的主题应该是“第一束光”，故选A。
4．标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句“As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race.”可知，随着时间的推移，马拉松已经不仅仅是一项比赛了。本句是文章的中心句。文章通过介绍马拉松的历史、主题、路线以及举办马拉松的目的和意义，说明马拉松已经不仅仅是一项比赛，故选A。
五．[2024长沙二模]B
For young people who grow up in villages, finding a job in the city sounds good. But Ning Fenfang, 34, left the big city to be a farmer. In 2017, she left her job in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and went back to her hometown of Cili County in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. At that time, much of the farmland there was deserted（被遗弃）. Seeing this, Ning decided to be a farmer. She started growing rice and rapeseed（油菜籽） in 2020 and hired many villagers to work on her land, providing jobs for local people.
Ning now farms more than 66.7 hectares（公顷） of land. More than 300 housewives have worked part-time on her land, each making more than 10,000 yuan per year. “It’s never easy,” said Ning. At first, she didn’t have enough farming knowledge. Then, people couldn’t understand her decision to become a farmer. Farming is often seen as an “unsuitable” job for both the post-90s generation and women in general. However, Ning loved farming. “When you’re tired, you can stop and rest and do what you want to do. Every day, you can enjoy nature, which many people hope for,” Ning said.
Ning has tried to turn farming into a “fashionable” job. Rather than depending on farmers only, she advises mechanized（机械化） farming, which means using high-tech machines. She also plans to provide children living in cities with a chance to experience farming.
Ning always feels responsible for farmers. Recently she has suggested that the agricultural insurance（农业保险） plans should include greenhouses, as freezing rain hit her hometown and caused a great loss to the farmer in the winter of 2023.
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. Many young people from villages expect to get a job in the city.
B. Quite a few young people want to be farmers in the village now.
C. It’s impossible for young people from villages to get a job in the city.
2．How did Ning manage her farmland at first
A. She worked on the land by herself.
B. She hired many villagers to work on her land.
C. She used high-tech machines all the time.
3．Why was it not easy for Ning to be a farmer at first
A. She didn’t have a strong will.
B. She didn’t have enough money.
C. She didn’t have enough farming knowledge.
4．What is Ning like according to the last two paragraphs
A. Friendly and humorous.
B. Creative and responsible.
C. Strict and hard-working.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了宁芬芳离开大城市，回到家乡种地，带领村民过得更好的故事。
[答案]1．A2．B3．C4．B
[解析]
1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可推知，许多来自农村的年轻人都期望在城市找到一份工作。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，2020年，她开始种植农作物，并雇用了许多村民在她的土地上工作，为当地人提供了就业机会。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段的“‘It’s never easy,’ said Ning. At first, she didn’t have enough farming knowledge.”可知，因为她没有足够的农业知识，所以一开始不容易。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，她建议机械化耕作和计划为生活在城市的孩子们提供一个体验农事的机会，说明她是一个有创造力的人。结合最后一段内容可知，她是一个负责任的人。故选B。
六．（2024广州一模，A）
One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be put up for the night. “I'm sorry,” the clerk on night duty said politely. “All the rooms are taken tonight, but I can't send a nice couple like you out in the rain. Would you be willing to stay in my room It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable. As I'm on duty, I'll be staying up in the office anyway.” The elderly couple accepted his offer thankfully.
The next day, when the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the clerk behind the reception desk was that same helpful young man. “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper guestroom so you don't need to pay,” said the clerk with the same friendly smile. The old gentleman nodded with a smile, “You're an employee （雇员） that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said.
Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman in which he mentioned the experience of that dark stormy night. With the letter, there was an air ticket to New York and an invitation, asking the young man to pay a visit. At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his old guest. The gentleman pointed to a great new building and said, “Look, that is the hotel I promised to build for you. I hope you'll manage it for me.” The young man was shocked, “Sir, why do you choose me and who are you ” “My name is William Astor. Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.”
This building was the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This hotel has been a symbol in the city of New York and the No.1 choice for visiting leaders from different countries. The young man who became its first manager was George Boldt. He turned Waldorf into one of the most famous hotels in the world.
1．What can we know about the couple from the beginning of the story
A. They were all wet on a stormy night.
B. They booked a hotel room before they arrived.
C. They stayed in the hotel clerk's room for the night.
D. They flew to New York hurriedly that night.
2．Why did the old gentleman nod with a smile after hearing the clerk's reply
A. Because the hotel room was comfortable.
B. Because the price of the room was reasonable.
C. Because he was satisfied with the clerk.
D. Because he found the clerk's reply very funny.
3．How did the clerk feel when he heard the old gentleman's promise in paragraph 2
A. He didn't take it seriously. B. He found the decision amazing.
C. He expected it to come true. D. He joked about it with others.
4．Why did William Astor choose George Boldt as the manager of his new hotel
A. Because George Boldt was kind and dependable.
B. Because George Boldt was young and polite.
C. Because William Astor always kept promises.
D. Because George Boldt was popular among leaders.
本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一位善良的宾馆职员善意地对待一对老年夫妇，后来这对老夫妇开了一家酒店让他管理。这个故事告诉我们要善待别人，好人自有好报。
[答案]
1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据职员说的“Would you be willing to stay in my room It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable.”及第一段最后一句话可知，那对夫妇晚上睡在职员的房间里, 故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据老先生说的“You're an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.”可知，他很满意这个职员，所以点头微笑，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said.”可知，这个职员感到很吃惊，但是没过多考虑,故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据老先生说的“You're an employee that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.”以及“Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.”可知，老先生觉得乔治·博尔特是善良可靠的, 故选A。
七．（2023广州，B）
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn't given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues（线索） and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder's last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery（墓地）,” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I've read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I've walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time,” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run. ...
Now they'd got the final clue: Look where you've been, and see where you are. Use your map wisely and you'll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team!
“So...close...” Tyer made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we'll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
1．What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn't want to play the game.
B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team.
D. She didn't understand the game rules.
2．Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn't know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
3．Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
4．Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
本文是一篇记叙文。Amy很想在新的环境中交到朋友，于是她利用游戏的机会和同学们团结合作，最后获取了同学们的接纳。
[答案]1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.”可知，她和同学昨天刚刚见面，是班里的新学生，她很想利用游戏的机会交到新朋友，因此选项A表述错误，选项B正确；根据文章倒数第五段第二句“They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team!”可知，她所在的队和红队是竞争对手，她不是红队的成员，故选项C错误；根据Amy在游戏中出色的表现可知，她对游戏规则非常熟悉，故选项D错误。综上所述，应选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第十二段“‘No, seriously,’ Henry said. ‘You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.’The others finally agreed.”可知，大家之所以最后让Henry领路是因为Henry对镇里的每条捷径都很熟悉，经验丰富，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第五段“They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line...”可知，终点线在游戏开始的地方。结合文章第三段中的“Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues”可知，游戏是从公园开始的，即终点线就在公园，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知，Amy获取了同学们的接纳，成了他们的朋友，故选B。
八．（2023浙江宁波，D）
Plants are more than just pretty to look at. They give us fruits, vegetables and food we eat. Some plants even provide materials for medicine or building things. But do you know that plants can do something even more amazing They can make our homes, schools and workplaces much healthier.
We spend a large part of our day indoors. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can often be full of chemicals（化学物质） from many things around us. This poor air quality（质量） can make us feel sick, causing sore eyes and throats, and even making it hard for us to breathe. When the air inside buildings gets really bad, people even call them “sick buildings”.
The good news is that plants are like nature's little superheroes. They have a magic power fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbon dioxide （CO2） and breathe out oxygen （O2） which we humans need to live. They can also add moisture to the air if it's too dry, making it more comfortable for us to breathe.
▲ Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe. They set up a completely closed building called “bio-home”for experiments. Before they added plants, the air inside was full of chemicals and people found it hard to breathe. But after they added plants, the air got much cleaner and it became easier to breathe. To make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds of plants. After a while, the building wasn't a “sick building” any more. People could go inside without feeling unwell.
So you see, plants are fantastic! They are not only beautiful to look at, but they also provide us with food, help create materials and play an important role in our health. They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time you see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can do for us!
1．Which of the following is one way for plants to improve the air inside buildings
A. They breathe out carbon dioxide. B. They produce oxygen.
C. They give out harmful chemicals. D. They make the air dry.
2．Which can be the best to fill in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 4
A. But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air.
B. But one interesting thing plants can do is to build things.
C. But plants can provide what humans need to eat.
D. But plants can be used to make medicine for humans.
3．How does the writer support his opinion about plants improving air quality
A. By telling personal experiences. B. By providing numbers and forms.
C. By questioning famous scientists. D. By using scientific experiments.
4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A. Plants are important for providing food.
B. Plants make people look much better.
C. Plants are good for indoor environments.
D. Plants make it easier to build houses.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物在净化空气，改善室内环境方面的作用。
[答案]1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“Plants breathe in carbon dioxide （CO2） and breathe out oxygen （O2）...making it more comfortable for us to breathe.”以及第四段第二句中的“plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals”可知，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气，增加空气湿度，吸收空气中的有害化学物质。故选B。
2．句子还原题。设空处位于段首，对本段的内容起概括作用。根据空后一句“Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe.”可知，本段的主要内容与植物对空气的净化作用有关，A选项“但是植物能做的最神奇的事情是净化空气”符合语境，故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Scientists have discovered that...making the air around us safer to breathe.”和第三句“They set up a completely closed building called ‘bio-home’ for experiments.”可知，作者利用科学实验来说明植物能够提升空气质量，故选D。
4．写作目的题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了植物在净化空气，改善室内环境方面的作用，故选C。
九．（2024·北京丰台·二模）
Are you avoiding pain or living with purpose
There are two paths we can take in any given situation: one is the path of avoiding pain in the moment, and the other is the more difficult path of delaying (推迟) pleasure for a bigger purpose.
Some people don’t see the value in having patience during difficult times or working toward a goal; they want to lose the weight now and would rather buy the latest, greatest cell phone than save for retirement (退休). We often make our life choices according to how we can avoid pain in the moment and, in doing so, fail to see that the path of delayed gratification (满足) is sometimes where the real solutions to our problems lie.
Studies show that delayed gratification is one of the most effective personal qualities of successful people. People who learn how to manage their need to be satisfied in the moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in to it.
A well-known study conducted at Stanford University in the 1960s explains a lot about why it’s beneficial to delay gratification. In the study, children were placed in a room with one marshmallow on a plate. The lead researcher gave the children an easy instruction: You can eat the marshmallow now, or wait 15 minutes and receive two marshmallows. The researchers found that the children who were able to wait for the second marshmallow without eating the first one scored higher on standardized tests, had better health, and were less likely to have behavior problems.
Consider the results of this study, and think about yourself and your actions. Are you able to wait for things you really want, even if it involves giving up pleasure and satisfaction now Do you make decisions based on your life purpose or on what feels good now Do you sometimes give up too soon Can you think of a time when you successfully completed a difficult task How did it make you feel about yourself What were the results of waiting
Delaying gratification isn’t a new concept. Back in 300 B．C．, Aristotle saw that the reason why so many people were unhappy was that they confused pleasure for true happiness.
True happiness, according to Aristotle, is about developing habits and surrounding yourself with people who grow your soul (灵魂). This allows you to move toward your greatest natural ability. True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience required to achieve a goal instead of feeling good now.
A life of purpose, aligned (保持一致) with the seeking of true happiness, creates real joy. It keeps your happiness meter pretty steady (稳定的) throughout your life. So, which path would you like to take
1．People who delay gratification will probably ________.
A．avoid pain and give up in the moment
B．work hard patiently for a bigger goal
C．fail to see where the real solutions to their problems lie
D．succeed easily in their careers, relationships and health
2．Why does the writer mention the well-known study in Paragraph 5
A．To show children’s different choices.
B．To tell readers the study was very scientific.
C．To prove the value of putting off gratification.
D．To explain why some children were more successful.
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．a purposeful life can bring us real joy
B．pleasure helps us to make correct decisions
C．pleasure plays a key role in a life of purpose
D．true happiness is about avoiding pain in the moment
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage us to delay pleasure for a bigger purpose.
B．To explain the meanings of pleasure and true happiness.
C．To compare two different paths to a life of purpose.
D．To discuss the good effects of delayed gratification.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们面对选择之时可以做两条路，一条是避免当时的痛苦，另一条是更难走的路——以更高的目标推迟享受。延迟满足虽然痛苦，但可以帮助我们走上正确的道路。
1．推理判断题。根据“People who learn how to manage their need to be satisfied in the moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in to it.”可知，那些学会如何管理自己当下需要得到满足的人，在事业、人际关系和健康方面比那些屈服于这种需求的人更蓬勃发展。因此那些延迟满足的人会为更大的目标而耐心地努力。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“A well-known study conducted at Stanford University in the 1960s explains a lot about why it’s beneficial to delay gratification.”可知，斯坦福大学在20世纪60年代进行的一项著名研究解释了为什么延迟满足是有益的。因此作者第5段提到著名的研究是想证明推迟满足的价值。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“A life of purpose, aligned (保持一致) with the seeking of true happiness, creates real joy. It keeps your happiness meter pretty steady (稳定的) throughout your life. ”可知，作者会认同有目标的人生能给我们带来真正的快乐。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据“People who learn how to manage their need to be satisfied in the moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in to it.”以及“True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience required to achieve a goal instead of feeling good now.”并通读全文可知，作者鼓励我们为了更大的目标而推迟享乐。故选A。
十.（2024·北京东城·二模）We live in a society that judges our happiness by how much we have achieved and how successful we are. We are often told, “Work hard, become successful, and then you`ll be happy.” Is it true
Can Success Bring Happiness
Happiness helps you get success; it’s not the other way around. Studies show happier people are more likely to be successful, but successful people are predictably not more cheerful. When you are happier, you feel more hopeful, thankful, and strong-minded, which are important for success. As a result, you have a better chance of getting better jobs and even building stronger relationships.
Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one. Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness. Moreover, depending on success for happiness often adds pressure, stress and negativity to every part of our lives. In conclusion, chasing (追求) happiness and well-being is better than running after success.
___△___
Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives. Trying to lead a happy life is not always about refusing our negative emotions or acting as if we feel happy all the time. We all experience difficult periods, and it’s natural for us to feel sad, angry, and other negative emotions. Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times.
Is Happiness Being Satisfied With What You Have
Does the thought of “not having enough” trouble you all the time Are you always chasing something bigger and better At the end of the day, that kind of chase can undoubtedly leave anyone empty and tired. And in that process, you are missing out on getting happiness from plenty of things you have right now. Instead of focusing on getting more, you need to focus on all you have in your life at the present moment. When you start sharing what you have, you find your happiness continuously increasing.
Sure, you can work hard for success. But success won’t necessarily lead to happiness. True happiness is in the climb itself. So, focus on being happy right now. Be proud of where you are in life and who you are. Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals.
1．The word “guarantee” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．influence B．require C．promise D．prevent
2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4
A．When Do You Feel Truly Happy
B．What Does Happiness Really Mean to You
C．How Can You Fully Embrace Your Happiness
D．Why Is Refusing Negative Emotions Key to Happiness
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．the more you achieve, the happier you will be
B．one can’t succeed without giving up some happiness
C．chasing great achievement s is necessary for happiness
D．true happiness comes from enjoying the journey to success
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To help people balance happiness and success.
B．To explain why success brings happiness to people.
C．To stress the importance of both happiness and success.
D．To guide people to value happiness above achieving success.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了幸福与成功的关系，分别介绍了成功能否带来幸福，真正的幸福意味着什么，幸福是否是满足于所拥有的东西。
1．词义猜测题。根据“Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness.”可知，在取得成功后不久，你就会恢复到通常的幸福水平。结合“Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one.”可知，成功可以使幸福感在短期内增加，但不能保证持久，所以guarantee意思是“保证”，与promise意思最相近。故选C。
2．最佳标题题。根据“Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives... Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times.”可知，该段主要介绍了幸福是什么，故最佳小标题是“幸福对你来说到底意味着什么”，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals.”可知，首先要快乐，拥抱成功之旅。然后，你将能够在生活的许多领域取得更多成就，表现更好，你也将享受实现目标的旅程。由此推知，真正的幸福来自于享受成功之旅。故选D。
4． 推理判断题。本文通过介绍成功能否带来幸福，真正的幸福意味着什么，幸福是否是满足于所拥有的东西，从而幸福比取得成功更重要。故选D。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)推理判断解题技巧
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude, learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might, would 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，most likely 等。
方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符合逻辑的结论。
陷阱：①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述） ②注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆断）
③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
1.细节推断类
细节推断类多为推断文章细节或作者观点、态度，其常见设问方式如下所示：
From this passage, we can infer/know/learn that __________.
What can we learn from the passage /What do you know about...
The writer probably agrees that __________.
细节推断题实际考查的是对文章细节的理解，选项中只有1项与原文表述一致，其他3个选项均为对原文的错误表述。该类型题目可以用判断正误法来解。
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce（减少）food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction.For example, （C选项对应原文） stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality（质量）. （B选项对应原文）Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
（D选项对应原文）One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
（A选项对应原文）Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
问：What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
2. 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。
The best way to learn English is to have a good environment. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English radios, watch English news, movies and TV programs. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English materials that you have around you, the faster you will learn it.
Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by doing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are making progress.
According to the passage, English exercises and tests are ______.
A. very necessary B. not helpful at all
C. very boring D. not important
观点态度判定法
观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。
What the primary school in Fuzhou is doing is worth praising. Doing chores can put a sense of responsibility into students' minds and teach them the spirit of rules as well as teamwork. Also, it can make students' in-school experiences more meaningful.
What does the writer think of doing chores
A. He thinks it's a waste of time.
B. He thinks it's the parents' job.
C. He can't understand.
D. He thinks it's good for students.
语境推断法（适用于推断某句/某段的写作目的）
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation（适应）..Consider,for example,hunting(打猎). It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.
At the same time, the development of weapons（武器） is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
问：Why does the writer talk about . .hunting in Paragraph 3
A. To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B. To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C. To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D. To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
5.主旨推断法（适用于推断整篇文章的写作目的）
A Pathway（路径） to Meaning in Life
When it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life
Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): having long-term goals,believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s life fits together and “makes sense”.
But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating (欣赏) such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation (EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life’s beauty.
We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.
In the first study, we had people rate (评估) their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life” and “I appreciate little things in life,” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life” and its many experiences, the more they felt their life was valuable.
In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.
All the results proved our theory (假设) true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.
问：What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.
B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.
C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.
D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.
6.情景推断类
情景推断题考查对文中重点论述的某个观点/概念/方法的理解，选项一般为不同的生活情景，要求选出符合该观点/概念/方法的情景。常见的设问方式如下所示：
You were most probably in...condition when __________.
You will most probably experience...when you __________.
According to the writer, we can...by __________.
情景推断题考查的是文中重点论述的观点/概念/方法，原文一般会使用概念解释和示例来加以论述，因此可利用原文中的解释和示例来找出选项中与之相符的情景。
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one’s ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn’t know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, “That really was fun” and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
问：You will most probably experience enjoyment when you ______.
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
7.文章出处判定法
文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。
Have you ever wanted to achieve a goal and ended up doing lots of research on how to achieve it As you learned more and more, it seemed you knew less and less. That is because when you learned a new concept (概念), you found that there was a lot more to know about it.
Usually, people think they need to get more and more information before trying a new idea...
One of the best ways to learn is to take action and learn from the results...
Learning more is great but if all you're doing is learning and not taking action, it's time to change that. Just take the first step.
We can usually read the passage in ______.
A. a storybook B. a newspaper
C. an advertisement D. a guidebook
8.读者对象判定法
读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。
What can you do with cyberbullying (网络欺凌)
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.
If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family, or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share anything before you make sure it is true.
Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future.
This passage is mainly written for ______.
A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police
9.论证方式判定法
论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。
The Internet of things may be coming sooner than you think. It is reported that during his speech earlier this year, Samsung (三星) CEO BK Yoon spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things. He said that five years from now, every Samsung product will be part of the Internet of things, whether it s a washing machine or a vacuum cleaner(吸尘器).
The Samsung CEO’s speech is mentioned to prove(证明) that ____
A. Samsung produced the Internet of things in the past.
B. The Internet of things will come into our daily life sooner.
C. He spent a lot of time talking about the Internet of things
D. Samsung products are part of the Internet of things.
10.篇章结构判定法
篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are.
When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China, it’s OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy or lively, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people in the restaurant might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In western countries, one person pays when he or she is entertaining clients, but when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “Going Dutch”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, people are expected to tip between 15%and 20%of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
Different countries have different customs. When you travel to another country, please follow its customs, just as the saying goes “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best
(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4 )
A.①;②③;④ B.①;②; ③④ C.①②;③;④ D.①;②③④
一.[2024长沙三模]C
Even though African elephants are protected, many of them are still being killed for their ivory.
At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa, but today, the number has fallen to around 500,000. This is mainly caused by illegal（非法的） hunting for ivory. The demand for ivory in markets, especially in Asia and Africa, continues to push the illegal trade. This has resulted in the deaths of at least 35,000 African elephants each year.
Ivory, also known as “white gold”, has long been considered valuable. Its unusual look has led to its use in lots of expensive things, including jewellery, musical instruments and art. And the ivory material itself can stand the test of time. So many people are willing to pay a high price for ivory products.
However, no matter how much real ivory is sold for, it’s certainly not worth the harm to elephants. That’s why some scientists are working to achieve the same beauty of ivory without killing any animals.
Thaddaa Rath and her team at the Vienna University of Technology have created the ivory called “Digory”. The high-tech ivory is made from synthetic resin（合成树脂） and calcium phosphate particles（磷酸钙颗粒）. It’s first formed into the shape by a 3D printer. And then it is color-matched and colored. Next, it is polished（抛光） to make it look like real natural ivory.
Although Digory looks so real that it is hard to tell it from real ivory, its chemical structure is completely different from that of the real one. Fritz Vollrath, a biologist who is against killing elephants for ivory, felt excited about the invention and spoke highly of it for the fact that Digory could save many elephants from risks.
Scientists have made some achievements, but we still need to do more research to make sure that they are widely used. It’s still hopeful that scientists may be able to protect African elephants by making high-tech materials to take the place of real ivory.
1．How does the author show the dangerous situations of elephants
A. By telling a story.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking a question.
2．Why do many people want to buy ivory products at high prices
A. For its common look.
B. For its long history.
C. For its high-quality material.
3．What do we know about making “Digory”
①Its steps. ②Its time. ③Its materials. ④Its cost.
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③
4．Which of the following does the writer agree with
A. Technology can take humans’ place in creating art.
B. It is almost impossible that Digory will be widely used.
C. The use of technology can support the protection of wildlife.
二． [2024杭州一模]
Many people with physical disabilities think that they cannot do any sports. However, at Adaptive Outdoorz, we believe that everyone can do sports! We teach disabled people whitewater rafting, skiing, snowboarding, and many other exciting outdoor sports. Many disabled people don't do any sports because they think it's too dangerous for them. They are afraid that they will get hurt. However, in the past 12 years, we have proved（证明） to our students again and again that this is not true.
Our excellent coaches are very careful when they teach disabled people, so our students are always safe. In fact, many of our coaches have disabilities, too, so they really understand how their students feel. They also know that many people with disabilities need new challenges in their lives. When people with disabilities reach their goals successfully by trying something new, it is an exciting experience for them! Many students tell us that after they learned how to do a new sport, they discovered that they felt much more confident, not only about doing sports, but about all parts of their life. Here is what the father of one of our students said to us:
“My wife and I both love to ski. So when our daughter was born with a disability, we thought that unluckily she could never enjoy the sport that we love so much. When she was six, we heard about Adaptive Outdoorz, and we decided to take her to your ski school for one week. This was the best decision we ever made! We learned that when your child has a disability, you have to keep teaching her to do new and more difficult things. This teaches her how to take a risk. Being successful helps her to become a strong and happy person. Now our daughter says that skiing is easy, and she makes up her mind to learn how to snowboard! Thank you, Adaptive Outdoorz!”
1．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 1
A. It's too dangerous for disabled people to do sports.
B. It's not necessary to teach disabled people to do sports.
C. It's easier for disabled people to hurt others during sports.
D. It's useful for disabled teachers to teach disabled children.
2．What's the advantage of having disabled coaches in Adaptive Outdoorz
A. They are more confident and careful.
B. They always like to try something new.
C. They can understand their students' feelings.
D. They are really good at doing outdoor sports.
3．How does the writer support his opinion about Adaptive Outdoorz in the last paragraph
A. By telling a regrettable story.
B. By using a personal experience.
C. By providing some numbers.
D. By questioning some famous experts.
4．What's Adaptive Outdoorz according to the passage
A. Sports clubs for disabled coaches and teachers.
B. Training programs for parents with disabled children.
C. Summer camps for children who love outdoor sports.
D. Special programs for children and adults with disabilities.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Adaptive Outdoorz通过教授残疾人户外运动，帮助他们克服对运动的恐惧，增强自信心，享受生活。
三．[2024长沙三模]B
The Last Leaf is a short story written by the US writer O. Henry, one of the most famous short story writers in history. His stories are known for their surprising endings, now called “O. Henry endings”.
In the story of The Last Leaf, Sue and Joanna are two artists living in New York City. Unfortunately, Joanna is ill and will probably die. In an apartment, something touching and unexpected happens. Let’s find out more in the following excerpt（节选）.
Sue looked out of the window. All she saw was an old yellow and green ivy（常春藤） plant. The half-dead plant had few leaves on it because of the autumn winds.
“There are only five, now,” said Joanna.
“Five what, dear What are you counting ”
“The ivy leaves,” replied Joanna. “When the last one falls, I must go, too. I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you ”
“Joanna, don’t say that. Now, have some soup and I’ll finish my picture.”
“I don’t want any soup,” said Joanna, looking out of the window. “Now there are only four.”
“Joanna, dear, try to sleep. I must ask Mr. Behrman to come up here. I want to draw a picture of him as a poor old miner.”
Mr. Behrman, who was over 60 years old, lived downstairs. He was a painter, too. But he never painted a good picture, and he drank a lot. Sue told him all about what Joanna was saying.
“She can’t really think that this will happen! The poor woman!” he cried.
...
Finally, there was only one last leaf on the ivy plant. After a few windy days, the leaf was still there.
“Susie,” said Joanna, “I’ve been a bad girl. That last leaf is telling me that it was very wrong of me to want to die. Bring me some soup, dear.”
The next day, the doctor said, “She’s out of danger. But poor Mr. Behrman downstairs is dying. There’s no hope for him, I’m afraid.”
That afternoon Sue went into Joanna’s bedroom.
“Joanna, dear, Mr. Behrman died today. And do you know why One terrible, cold wet night he took a ladder（梯子） and some green and yellow paint and he climbed up, and—oh, look at the last ivy leaf on the wall! Why didn’t it move in the wind It was Mr. Behrman’s last great picture. He painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”
1．What can we know about The Last Leaf according to the passage
A. It has an expected and exciting ending.
B. It tells a moving story happening in an apartment.
C. It is a long story written by the US writer O. Henry.
2．How long can Joanna live in the doctor’s eyes
A. For several days. B. For several months. C. For several years.
3．Why didn’t the last ivy leaf fall after a few windy days
A. Because it was painted on the wall.
B. Because the wind was not so strong.
C. Because the leaf was young and green.
4．What can we infer（推断） from the passage
A. Mr. Behrman was a very kind-hearted artist.
B. Sue was too busy to comfort her friend Joanna.
C. Joanna was a careless girl without hope in her life.
本文主要节选自美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说《最后一片叶子》。
四． [2023温州,B]
A marathon is a long running race of 26.2 miles （42.195 kilometers）. The first Olympic Marathon was held in Athens. Now, many cities host their own marathons every year. Some of the best-known marathons around the world are the New York City Marathon, the Boston Marathon and the Tokyo Marathon. Among them, the Boston Marathon which started in 1897, is the oldest yearly marathon in the world. As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race.
Themes of marathons add fun and meaning to the hard miles. Runners run for helping sick kids, celebrating important events, or just enjoying nature. There is a famous marathon in Gisborne, New Zealand, which is known for being the first city in the world to welcome the sunlight every day. Runners can greet the sunrise as they race along the golden sandy beaches.
Marathon routes bring people more understanding of the old sport. Some routes provide great sporting challenges for runners. The routes offer various surfaces, from bridges to sands to hills. Runners of all skill levels can sweat freely and push their limits（极限；限制） in the race. Some routes are well planned for runners to explore the many sides of a city. For example, the route of the Great Wall Marathon takes the runners along the great wonder of the world. The race can be an amazing chance to get to know Beijing, its people and local food.
A marathon is quite a journey for runners to enjoy the run, challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is so much more behind the race for us to explore.
1．According to the passage, the oldest yearly marathon is ______.
A. the Tokyo Marathon B. the Olympic Marathon
C. the Boston Marathon D. the New York City Marathon
2．What might be the theme of the marathon in Gisborne
A. First Light. B. Lively Kids. C. Green Miles. D. Fun Beach.
3．The writer uses the example of the Great Wall Marathon to tell that the route ______.
A. is difficult to plan B. shows the city culture
C. offers different surfaces D. brings challenge to runners
4．What's the best title for the passage
A. Marathon: Not Just a Race B. Marathon: Routes and Rules
C. Marathon: History and Themes D. Marathon: A Race for Everyone
五．[2024长沙二模]B
For young people who grow up in villages, finding a job in the city sounds good. But Ning Fenfang, 34, left the big city to be a farmer. In 2017, she left her job in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and went back to her hometown of Cili County in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. At that time, much of the farmland there was deserted（被遗弃）. Seeing this, Ning decided to be a farmer. She started growing rice and rapeseed（油菜籽） in 2020 and hired many villagers to work on her land, providing jobs for local people.
Ning now farms more than 66.7 hectares（公顷） of land. More than 300 housewives have worked part-time on her land, each making more than 10,000 yuan per year. “It’s never easy,” said Ning. At first, she didn’t have enough farming knowledge. Then, people couldn’t understand her decision to become a farmer. Farming is often seen as an “unsuitable” job for both the post-90s generation and women in general. However, Ning loved farming. “When you’re tired, you can stop and rest and do what you want to do. Every day, you can enjoy nature, which many people hope for,” Ning said.
Ning has tried to turn farming into a “fashionable” job. Rather than depending on farmers only, she advises mechanized（机械化） farming, which means using high-tech machines. She also plans to provide children living in cities with a chance to experience farming.
Ning always feels responsible for farmers. Recently she has suggested that the agricultural insurance（农业保险） plans should include greenhouses, as freezing rain hit her hometown and caused a great loss to the farmer in the winter of 2023.
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A. Many young people from villages expect to get a job in the city.
B. Quite a few young people want to be farmers in the village now.
C. It’s impossible for young people from villages to get a job in the city.
2．How did Ning manage her farmland at first
A. She worked on the land by herself.
B. She hired many villagers to work on her land.
C. She used high-tech machines all the time.
3．Why was it not easy for Ning to be a farmer at first
A. She didn’t have a strong will.
B. She didn’t have enough money.
C. She didn’t have enough farming knowledge.
4．What is Ning like according to the last two paragraphs
A. Friendly and humorous.
B. Creative and responsible.
C. Strict and hard-working.
六．（2024广州一模，A）
One dark stormy night, an elderly couple hurried into a hotel and asked whether they could be put up for the night. “I'm sorry,” the clerk on night duty said politely. “All the rooms are taken tonight, but I can't send a nice couple like you out in the rain. Would you be willing to stay in my room It's not exactly a hotel room but it will make you comfortable. As I'm on duty, I'll be staying up in the office anyway.” The elderly couple accepted his offer thankfully.
The next day, when the old gentleman went to pay his bill, the clerk behind the reception desk was that same helpful young man. “The room you and your wife stayed in is not a proper guestroom so you don't need to pay,” said the clerk with the same friendly smile. The old gentleman nodded with a smile, “You're an employee （雇员） that every boss in the hotel business would dream of. Perhaps someday I'll build a hotel for you.” The clerk was amazed but he decided that the guest must have been joking. He gave no more thought to what the old man said.
Two years later, the young man received a letter from the old gentleman in which he mentioned the experience of that dark stormy night. With the letter, there was an air ticket to New York and an invitation, asking the young man to pay a visit. At a street corner in Manhattan, the young man met his old guest. The gentleman pointed to a great new building and said, “Look, that is the hotel I promised to build for you. I hope you'll manage it for me.” The young man was shocked, “Sir, why do you choose me and who are you ” “My name is William Astor. Like I told you before, you are the best employee I could ever dream of.”
This building was the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This hotel has been a symbol in the city of New York and the No.1 choice for visiting leaders from different countries. The young man who became its first manager was George Boldt. He turned Waldorf into one of the most famous hotels in the world.
1．What can we know about the couple from the beginning of the story
A. They were all wet on a stormy night.
B. They booked a hotel room before they arrived.
C. They stayed in the hotel clerk's room for the night.
D. They flew to New York hurriedly that night.
2．Why did the old gentleman nod with a smile after hearing the clerk's reply
A. Because the hotel room was comfortable.
B. Because the price of the room was reasonable.
C. Because he was satisfied with the clerk.
D. Because he found the clerk's reply very funny.
3．How did the clerk feel when he heard the old gentleman's promise in paragraph 2
A. He didn't take it seriously. B. He found the decision amazing.
C. He expected it to come true. D. He joked about it with others.
4．Why did William Astor choose George Boldt as the manager of his new hotel
A. Because George Boldt was kind and dependable.
B. Because George Boldt was young and polite.
C. Because William Astor always kept promises.
D. Because George Boldt was popular among leaders.
七．（2023广州，B）
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class's Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn't given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues（线索） and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder's last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery（墓地）,” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I've read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I've walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time,” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I'm always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run. ...
Now they'd got the final clue: Look where you've been, and see where you are. Use your map wisely and you'll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line—just one step behind the Red Team!
“So...close...” Tyer made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we'll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
1．What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn't want to play the game.
B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team.
D. She didn't understand the game rules.
2．Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn't know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
3．Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
4．Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
八．（2023浙江宁波，D）
Plants are more than just pretty to look at. They give us fruits, vegetables and food we eat. Some plants even provide materials for medicine or building things. But do you know that plants can do something even more amazing They can make our homes, schools and workplaces much healthier.
We spend a large part of our day indoors. Unluckily, the air inside buildings can often be full of chemicals（化学物质） from many things around us. This poor air quality（质量） can make us feel sick, causing sore eyes and throats, and even making it hard for us to breathe. When the air inside buildings gets really bad, people even call them “sick buildings”.
The good news is that plants are like nature's little superheroes. They have a magic power fighting against bad air. Plants breathe in carbon dioxide （CO2） and breathe out oxygen （O2） which we humans need to live. They can also add moisture to the air if it's too dry, making it more comfortable for us to breathe.
▲ Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals, making the air around us safer to breathe. They set up a completely closed building called “bio-home”for experiments. Before they added plants, the air inside was full of chemicals and people found it hard to breathe. But after they added plants, the air got much cleaner and it became easier to breathe. To make the air inside even better, the scientists used different kinds of plants. After a while, the building wasn't a “sick building” any more. People could go inside without feeling unwell.
So you see, plants are fantastic! They are not only beautiful to look at, but they also provide us with food, help create materials and play an important role in our health. They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier, making us feel better. Next time you see a plant, remember all the amazing things it can do for us!
1．Which of the following is one way for plants to improve the air inside buildings
A. They breathe out carbon dioxide. B. They produce oxygen.
C. They give out harmful chemicals. D. They make the air dry.
2．Which can be the best to fill in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 4
A. But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air.
B. But one interesting thing plants can do is to build things.
C. But plants can provide what humans need to eat.
D. But plants can be used to make medicine for humans.
3．How does the writer support his opinion about plants improving air quality
A. By telling personal experiences. B. By providing numbers and forms.
C. By questioning famous scientists. D. By using scientific experiments.
4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A. Plants are important for providing food.
B. Plants make people look much better.
C. Plants are good for indoor environments.
D. Plants make it easier to build houses.
九．（2024·北京丰台·二模）
Are you avoiding pain or living with purpose
There are two paths we can take in any given situation: one is the path of avoiding pain in the moment, and the other is the more difficult path of delaying (推迟) pleasure for a bigger purpose.
Some people don’t see the value in having patience during difficult times or working toward a goal; they want to lose the weight now and would rather buy the latest, greatest cell phone than save for retirement (退休). We often make our life choices according to how we can avoid pain in the moment and, in doing so, fail to see that the path of delayed gratification (满足) is sometimes where the real solutions to our problems lie.
Studies show that delayed gratification is one of the most effective personal qualities of successful people. People who learn how to manage their need to be satisfied in the moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in to it.
A well-known study conducted at Stanford University in the 1960s explains a lot about why it’s beneficial to delay gratification. In the study, children were placed in a room with one marshmallow on a plate. The lead researcher gave the children an easy instruction: You can eat the marshmallow now, or wait 15 minutes and receive two marshmallows. The researchers found that the children who were able to wait for the second marshmallow without eating the first one scored higher on standardized tests, had better health, and were less likely to have behavior problems.
Consider the results of this study, and think about yourself and your actions. Are you able to wait for things you really want, even if it involves giving up pleasure and satisfaction now Do you make decisions based on your life purpose or on what feels good now Do you sometimes give up too soon Can you think of a time when you successfully completed a difficult task How did it make you feel about yourself What were the results of waiting
Delaying gratification isn’t a new concept. Back in 300 B．C．, Aristotle saw that the reason why so many people were unhappy was that they confused pleasure for true happiness.
True happiness, according to Aristotle, is about developing habits and surrounding yourself with people who grow your soul (灵魂). This allows you to move toward your greatest natural ability. True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience required to achieve a goal instead of feeling good now.
A life of purpose, aligned (保持一致) with the seeking of true happiness, creates real joy. It keeps your happiness meter pretty steady (稳定的) throughout your life. So, which path would you like to take
1．People who delay gratification will probably ________.
A．avoid pain and give up in the moment
B．work hard patiently for a bigger goal
C．fail to see where the real solutions to their problems lie
D．succeed easily in their careers, relationships and health
2．Why does the writer mention the well-known study in Paragraph 5
A．To show children’s different choices.
B．To tell readers the study was very scientific.
C．To prove the value of putting off gratification.
D．To explain why some children were more successful.
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．a purposeful life can bring us real joy
B．pleasure helps us to make correct decisions
C．pleasure plays a key role in a life of purpose
D．true happiness is about avoiding pain in the moment
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage us to delay pleasure for a bigger purpose.
B．To explain the meanings of pleasure and true happiness.
C．To compare two different paths to a life of purpose.
D．To discuss the good effects of delayed gratification.
十.（2024·北京东城·二模）We live in a society that judges our happiness by how much we have achieved and how successful we are. We are often told, “Work hard, become successful, and then you`ll be happy.” Is it true
Can Success Bring Happiness
Happiness helps you get success; it’s not the other way around. Studies show happier people are more likely to be successful, but successful people are predictably not more cheerful. When you are happier, you feel more hopeful, thankful, and strong-minded, which are important for success. As a result, you have a better chance of getting better jobs and even building stronger relationships.
Success can cause a short-term increase in happiness, but it cannot guarantee a lasting one. Shortly after achieving success, you return to your usual level of happiness. Moreover, depending on success for happiness often adds pressure, stress and negativity to every part of our lives. In conclusion, chasing (追求) happiness and well-being is better than running after success.
___△___
Positive psychology says that happiness is both how good we feel in the present moment and how good we feel when we look at our lived lives. Trying to lead a happy life is not always about refusing our negative emotions or acting as if we feel happy all the time. We all experience difficult periods, and it’s natural for us to feel sad, angry, and other negative emotions. Happiness is about being able to embrace (接受) the good times, but it’s also about dealing with the unavoidable bad times.
Is Happiness Being Satisfied With What You Have
Does the thought of “not having enough” trouble you all the time Are you always chasing something bigger and better At the end of the day, that kind of chase can undoubtedly leave anyone empty and tired. And in that process, you are missing out on getting happiness from plenty of things you have right now. Instead of focusing on getting more, you need to focus on all you have in your life at the present moment. When you start sharing what you have, you find your happiness continuously increasing.
Sure, you can work hard for success. But success won’t necessarily lead to happiness. True happiness is in the climb itself. So, focus on being happy right now. Be proud of where you are in life and who you are. Be happy first, and embrace the journey to success. Then you’ll be able to achieve more and perform better in many areas of your life, and you’ll also enjoy the journey to your goals.
1．The word “guarantee” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．influence B．require C．promise D．prevent
2．Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragraph 4
A．When Do You Feel Truly Happy
B．What Does Happiness Really Mean to You
C．How Can You Fully Embrace Your Happiness
D．Why Is Refusing Negative Emotions Key to Happiness
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．the more you achieve, the happier you will be
B．one can’t succeed without giving up some happiness
C．chasing great achievement s is necessary for happiness
D．true happiness comes from enjoying the journey to success
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To help people balance happiness and success.
B．To explain why success brings happiness to people.
C．To stress the importance of both happiness and success.
D．To guide people to value happiness above achieving success.
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