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字词猜测解题技巧
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
解题技巧
1.指代猜测法
指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系，判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。
When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know more things about different customs(风俗). You read all these from books in the past, but now you have a chance to know them clearly. You can also make new friends from different countries. They can help you know more about their own countries.
What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 3
A. Friends. B. Teachers. C. Countries. D. Customs.
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为指代猜测，选项含义 A.朋友B. 老师 C. 国家 D. 习俗
Step2： 定位分析线索句：根据第一句"When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know more things about different customs (风俗)."当你去其他国家旅行时，你可以吃到不同的新食物，了解更多关于不同习俗的事情，由此可知下一句所说的在书中了解的是关于习俗的事情，有机会清晰地了解他们也是指的风俗。
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，确定答案为D。
2.转折对比法
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture.However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born to Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that
language.
问：The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ __________ ”.
A. system B. spread C. start D. spirit
解题步骤：
Step 1 定位画线生词位置。
Step 2 若上下文有表示对比、转折的词，如however、but、yet、while（然而）、rather than（而不是）、instead of、in fact等，则通过这些词找到与画线词对应的内容，推测画线词词义。
Step 3 找到与对应原文意思相符的选项。
However后面说的是“文化传承的另一种方式”，可以推测前面说的也是“文化传播的方式”，画线词对应passed on，意为“传递”，B选项“流传”与之意思相符。
3.因果关系法
［2022北京C篇节选］Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”， but the words may be too good to be true.So,much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all,companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
问：The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean“__________”.
A. be easily understood B. not be completely believed
C. be widely spread D. not be quickly forgotten
解题步骤：
Step 1 定位画线生词位置。
Step 2 若上下文中有表示因果关系的词，如since、as、because、for、so、thus、as a result、for this reason、so that、so...that等，则找出画线生词对应的原因/结果。
Step 3 找到与对应原因/结果意思相近的选项。
画线生词对应的原因是前一句，该句指出“对这些产品的宣传可能好得令人难以置信”，由此可判断其结果是人们不应该完全相信产品信息，B选项正确。
4.解释说明法
Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which benefited humans and improved the quality life on Earth These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system（GPS）and weather forecasting.The development of satellite technology, for instance,makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access.
问：The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “__________” .
A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed
C. set back future growth D. caught up with the development
解题步骤：
Step 1 定位画线生词位置。
Step 2 若画线生词后有定语从句、同位语、that is to say或破折号、冒号、引号等标点符号引出的内容，则这些内容是对画线生词的解释说明。
Step 3 找出符合原文对画线生词的解释说明的选项。which引导的定语从句对画线的动宾短语所在的主句进行补充说明，意为“使人类受益并提高在地球上的生活质量”，A选项“带来巨大进步”与之同义。同时，这一整段都是在介绍宇宙探索带来的进步。
5.举例说明法
［2024房山二模节选］It’s okay to help others, but being an echoist can sometimes lose your own interests. Echoists always try their best to prioritize others. For example echoists might choose to make sure someone else is happy instead of caring about their own needs. Remember as long as it doesn’t harm the collective good, you are the most important person in your life, and it’s fair for your needs to come first sometimes.
问：The word “prioritize” in Paragraph 5 probably means __________.
A.look down upon B. give first place to
C.catch up with D. depend on
解题步骤：
Step 1 定位画线生词位置。
Step 2 判断画线生词前后是否有for example、like、such as、as this example suggests或者破折号后举的例子。
Step 3 找出与文中所举的例子相符合的选项。
上文例子指出“回声者可能会选择确保别人快乐，而不是关心自己的需求”，即把他人的需求放前面，因此B选项正确。
6.短语猜测法
短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。
Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.
One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.
"What's the matter, dear " his mother asked in a hurry.
"I've got a toothache," said Jim.
So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.
Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim "
"I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.
"Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now "
"I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's."
What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"
A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装
Step1：分析理解词汇所在句的含义：牙医给他做了检查，最后......他的坏牙；
Step2： 定位分析线索句： The dentist looked him over(检查) and pulled out his bad tooth at last.以及最后一句I left it at the dentist's.（我把它留在了牙医店，此处的it指代坏的牙齿）；
Step3：定位答案：分析可知，牙医检查了他的牙齿，并最后拔掉了坏牙，确定答案为B。
7. 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法
在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,, on the other hand等
There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but the food is cheap...
The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is ________.
A.美味的 B.昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的
Step1：理解词汇所在句子：里面的衣服很昂贵，但是食物是________。
Step2：分析句子：:expensive 是我们学过的一个单词，意为“昂贵的”。前半句意为“里面的衣服很贵”。利用but的转折意义和expensive 的含义可猜出 cheap 表示“廉价的”，应选D项
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，确定答案为D。
8.构词法猜词法
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等，如果一来，这些问题便不难解决了。
3D VR Glasses
This is a new arrival 3D VR Shinecon Helmet virtual(虚拟的) reality glasses.
It supports many smartphone models with Android or IOS system. Put your phone into the VR glasses and enter the virtual reality world. You can enjoy the super big screen effect of 3D videos. No need to go to cinemas. You can also play 3D games with it.
Specification (说明书)
Brand (商标) Name: Gtek
Size: 190mm X 135mm X 85mm
Weight: 500g
Lens (镜头): HD Optical Resin Augmented
Lens Diameter: 30mm
Phone Supported: Screen size from 3.5 to 6.0 inches, phone
Length: less than 160mm, width less than 85mm
The underlined word "Length" probably means ______ in Chinese.
A.长度 B.宽度 C.厚度 D.高度
Step1：分析理解词汇所在句子：less than 160mm, width less than 85mm(小于160mm，宽度小于85mm)
Step2：定位分析线索句： width意为“宽度”，th是名词后缀 less than 85mm（宽度小于85毫米）；length是long(意为“长的”)的名词形式，意为“长度”，根据构词法演变而来。
Step3：定位答案：分析选项A.长度 length；B.宽度 width；C.厚度 thickness；D.高度height。确定答案为A。
一．[2024益阳二模]B
I’m an exchange student（交换生） from Spain living in the United States.
January 15
My hometown, Seville, Spain, is a city with active people and lively nightlife. So coming to Seattle, the United States, has been quite an eye-opener. Americans think of Seattle as an exciting city, but the first time I went out with friends on a Saturday night, there was hardly anybody out in the streets. I even thought something was wrong! Then my friend said most of their social life happens indoors. In Seville, people go around in the streets all year round, and Saturday nights are like a big celebration.
February 8
Before I came to the United States, a friend told me that American friends don’t greet each other like we do in Spain, where we touch cheeks（脸颊） and make kissing sounds. Americans often hug each other, but kissing is not common. So imagine my surprise when I met a new girl. She immediately gave me a Spanish-style kiss. When I asked my friend about this later, she said the girl is from a family of actors, and that “air-kissing” is a usual greeting for them. My friend also said that some outgoing people greet their friends or family this way, but that might make others feel uncomfortable. I think I’ll shake hands and hug others while I’m here!
Lucy
1．Where is Lucy staying now
A. In Australia. B. In Britain. C. In America.
2．What did the writer think of the streets in Seattle at night
A. They were exciting.
B. They were like a big celebration.
C. They were a little quiet.
3．What does the underlined word “this” refer to
A. Spanish people like going around.
B. The girl kissed Lucy.
C. Americans hug each other.
4．What does the writer want to tell us through this passage
A. An exchange student’s life is comfortable.
B. American people are politer than Spanish people.
C. There are different ways of life between the United States and Spain.
本文主要是在美国留学的Lucy所写的日记，日记中她主要讲述了在美国和西班牙的不同生活。
[答案]1．C2．C3．B4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m an exchange student from Spain living in the United States.”可知，Lucy现在在美国。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据日记中的“Americans think of Seattle as an exciting city, but the first time I went out with friends on a Saturday night, there was hardly anybody out in the streets.”可知，作者认为夜晚时西雅图的街道有点儿安静。故选C。
3．代词指代题。根据画线单词所在句的前一句“She immediately gave me a Spanish-style kiss.”可知，此处的this指代的是那个女孩亲了Lucy这件事。故选B。
4．目的意图题。通读全文后可知，Lucy在日记中将西班牙和美国的两种生活进行了对比，所以作者想通过文章告诉我们美国与西班牙的生活方式不同。故选C。
二． [2024温州三模]
As paper calendars have lost popularity, many people are turning to digital calendars on smartphones. But the creative paper calendars which have new and interesting designs and Chinese cultural elements（要素） are becoming popular again in China.
Before the Spring Festival every year, the Palace Museum publishes several types of creative calendars. Of all the calendars, the calendar for the year 2021 is the most popular. It lists 365 collections of different types from different dynasties, specifically（明确地） showing Chinese farming culture. The collections are chosen from its over 1.8 million treasures.
Another popular calendar is about traditional Chinese poems in both Chinese and English. The English ones were translated by the famous Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong. Inside it are flower paintings by Italian painter Giuseppe Castiglione.
Both calendars introduce knowledge about Chinese culture, sharing cultural information along with historical dates.
“The choice of a theme for a creative calendar is very important, requiring much effort and relatively high production costs,” said Liang Yuan, an editor.
“The popularity of creative calendars also shows a change in people's consumption as they focus more on design, which is shown in the fact that wonderful calendars generally sell well although their prices are high,” Liang added.
1．Which of the following is specially shown in the calendar for the year 2021
A. B.
C. D.
2．Why are the creative calendars popular
A. Because they are designed well with Chinese cultural elements.
B. Because they are designed well and cheaper than others.
C. Because they are designed by famous English designers.
D. Because people can't find other creative paper calendars.
3．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The collections of the Palace Museum.
B. Chinese farming culture.
C. The digital calendars on smartphones.
D. The Palace Museum's calendar for the year 2021.
4．What does the underlined word “consumption” mean
A. The understanding of culture. B. The act of buying.
C. The importance of saving money. D. The respect for history.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了两个创意日历。
[答案]1．A2．A3．D4．B
[解析]
4．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“which is shown in the fact that wonderful calendars generally sell well although their prices are high”可知，精美的创意日历虽然价格很高，但通常会卖得很好，说明人们的消费在变化，故consumption表示“消费”，B选项 “购买的行为” 符合文意。故选B。
三．(2024深圳二模，C)In October 2023, three Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in Leimert Park, California. This was serious news for farmers in California, a big farming state. The solution to the problem seems a little unusual: freeing millions more of the flies.
The Mediterranean fruit fly, known as the “Medfly”, is one of the most serious dangers to farmers worldwide. Once the flies make their way into an area, it can be very hard for farmers to drive them away.
The flies lay their eggs in over 300 kinds of fruits and vegetables. When the eggs hatch, they turn into worm-like larvae that can destroy these products. However, it can be hard to know that the flies are there until it's too late.
The fruits and vegetables still look normal even after the eggs are laid inside. So the damaged fruits and vegetables can be sent to other places, allowing the Medflies to spread.
To stop the problem from spreading, the government built a large quarantine area, which means that no farm products can be moved out of that area. Luckily, California has developed a program to control Medflies. The plan includes using planes to drop millions of Medflies over the area. In fact, they only drop male flies, and all of them have been treated so that they can't help produce new fruit flies. The males are sterile. This means that even though they can mate with female fruit flies, the eggs produced will never grow or hatch.
The plan may sound like a bad idea at first, but it can surely make Medfly numbers fall.
1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to
A. The farming in California.
B. The reason for freeing the flies.
C. The solution to the fruit fly problem.
D. The discovery of Medflies in California.
2．What danger can the Medflies cause for farmers
A. Producing harmful waste.
B. Bringing diseases to farmers.
C. Damaging farm products badly.
D. Attracting more Medflies to the fields.
3．Which question of the following does Paragraph 4 mainly answer
A. How do Medflies lay eggs B. Where do Medflies spread
C. When do Medflies lay eggs D. Why is it hard to find Medflies
4．How does California control the Medflies
A. By producing new fruit flies.
B. By moving out the female Medflies.
C. By dropping sterile male Medflies.
D. By building an area to keep Medflies
5．What's the best title for the passage
A. Finding a Way to Grow Crops
B. Fighting Fruit Flies with Fruit Flies
C. Stopping a Health Problem from Spreading
D. Developing a Program to Produce More Fruits
本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述加利福尼亚政府通过放入不育的雄性地中海果蝇解决地中海果蝇对农产品的破坏问题。
[答案]1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B
[解析]
1．代词指代题。根据“In October 2023, three Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in Leimert Park, California. This was serious news for farmers in California, a big farming state.”可知This指代在加利福尼亚的Leimert Park发现了三只地中海果蝇这件事，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“When the eggs hatch, they turn into worm-like larvae that can destroy these products.”可知是会破坏这些农产品，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“The fruits and vegetables still look normal even after the eggs are laid inside. So the damaged fruits and vegetables can be sent to other places, allowing the Medflies to spread.”可知，即使在水果和蔬菜里面产卵，水果和蔬菜看起来仍然很正常。因此，受损的水果和蔬菜可以被送往其他地方，让果蝇传播开来。这是回答了“为什么很难找到地中海果蝇？”，故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“The plan includes using planes to drop millions of Medflies over the area. In fact, they only drop male flies, and all of them have been treated so that they can't help produce new fruit flies. The males are sterile.”可知，通过放入不育的雄性地中海果蝇，这样它们不能帮助产生新的果蝇，以达到控制果蝇的效果，故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文讲述了政府通过放入不育的雄性地中海果蝇解决地中海果蝇对农产品的破坏问题，故选B。
四．（2024湖北武汉，B）
The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat.
On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia.
When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.”
Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）:
“OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.”
Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think.
When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said.
1．What does “another” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. A pond. B. A swimmer. C. A glass bottle. D. A boat.
2．The underlined word “mission” means “______”.
A. an important task B. a fair game
C. an interesting show D. a secret meeting
3．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OWAUR ______.
A. found interest and did well B. changed people's hobbies
C. improved their health a lot D. won fame and got prizes
4．Why were the old women regarded as Mermaids
A. They must be good at swimming.
B. They could be trusted by some people.
C. They should be responsible for their group.
D. They might be thought young and beautiful.
5．What would be the best title for the passage
A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond
C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan
本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命。
[答案]1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．C
[解析]
1．指代判断题。根据“Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat.”可知她出现了，手里拿着一个浅蓝色的玻璃瓶，它被传给了另一个人，“she”指代第一段第二句的“A swimmer”，故此处another指代“一个游泳者”。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them.”可知，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命，故此处画线词的意思是“重要的任务”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think.”可知，她们在清理池塘的时候感到惊奇，她们的团队可以做比人们想象的还要多的事情。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“...some questioned why they called themselves ‘old women’. ‘You should call yourselves the Mermaids Against Underwater Rubbish,’they said.”可知一些人质疑她们为什么称自己为“老妇人”，认为她们应该称自己为清除水下垃圾的美人鱼，可推知人们可能认为她们是年轻美丽的。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。本文开篇引入一个游泳者扎入水下的场景，主要介绍了一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，该组织将清除池塘中的垃圾作为自己的使命，以选项C“入水时刻”为标题最合适。故选C。
五．[2023常德三模]
Once there were two good friends Tom and Tony. They were classmates. Tom was a top student. Tom was always chosen to perform in all school programs and became famous throughout the school. He was always ahead of Tony in all fields.
One day when Tony returned home from school he was feeling blue. When his mother saw that, she said, “Why do you look so sad ”
Tony replied, “It’s all because of Tom. Once again he got higher marks than me and no matter how hard I try, he is always ahead of me.”
Mother questioned, “Are you jealous（妒忌的） of Tom ”
Tony replied, “No, no, why would I be jealous of him He is my friend.”
Mother continued, “When Tom is ahead of you, you don’t like it. When he loses, you feel happy. Tell me. Do you feel all of these ”
Tony was surprised with what he heard and said, “It’s true but how did you know about this ”
Mother replied, “Your face shows it all. When you heartily appreciate（欣赏） the good qualities in others, those qualities will develop in you.”
Tony began to think, “Tom studies hard every day. He always follows his timetable...”
Tony felt inspired on that day. He began to notice and appreciate Tom’s good qualities. Within no time, he also became a good boy like Tom. He wasn’t jealous of Tom anymore. And he was making progress in all fields.
1．Which “blue” in the following sentences has the same meaning as the underlined word “blue”
A. Do you know the boy wearing a blue shirt
B. Her hands were blue with cold.
C. He’d been feeling blue all week.
2．Which of the following is TRUE
A. Tony was never jealous of Tom.
B. Tony learned to appreciate Tom.
C. Tony was more famous at school than Tom.
3．After Tony was inspired by his mother, he began to think that Tom was ______.
A. hard-working B. careless C. impolite
4．What can we learn from the story
A. We should be friendly to others.
B. We should be ahead of others in all fields.
C. We should focus our energy on appreciating others’ good qualities.
本文为一篇记叙文。托尼嫉妒自己的朋友每次都比自己做得好，经过妈妈的开导，他知道了只有看到别人身上的长处才能使自己得到提高的道理。
[答案]1．C2．B3．A4．C
[解析]
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段中妈妈问托尼“Why do you look so sad ”可知,托尼感到很伤心。C选项表示他一周都心情低落。blue心情低落的，忧郁的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Tony felt inspired on that day. He began to notice and appreciate Tom’s good qualities.”可知,托尼受到妈妈的鼓舞。他开始注意并欣赏汤姆的优秀品质。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Tony began to think, ‘Tom studies hard every day. He always follows his timetable...’”可知,汤姆很努力。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，当我们由衷地欣赏别人身上的好品质，这些品质会在自己身上得到发展。即我们应该集中精力欣赏他人的优秀品质，故选C。
六．（2024广东模拟，B）
“Sora” is a new model created by OpenAI, an American company. The cool model is surprising the world. It doesn't just make text and pictures for us anymore. It can turn your words into videos like magic! Just tell Sora your ideas and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details（细节）. It also knows how things should look in real life.
Why is it so good Sora is a good learner. It watches many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small parts. It uses these parts to make a new video. The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT. It can turn the users' short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked.
OpenAI is still testing Sora, so it is not good enough. Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example， when a person moves, things around them change. Sora can't make everything look real. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candles on a birthday cake, but the flame（火焰） doesn't move. Besides, Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” and mess up a person's leg movements.
1．What is Sora
A. An online tool that can answer its users' questions.
B. A website that breaks videos into very small parts.
C. An AI tool which offers music choices to video makers.
D. A model that can create videos according to its users' words.
2．Which of the following can describe videos made by Sora
a.They look nice. b.They seem a bit unclear.
c.They seem true. d.They are longer than a minute.
A. ab B. bc C. ac D. cd
3．What does the underlined word “overhauls” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Follows. B. Studies. C. Gives. D. Fixes.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Sora is not perfect.
B. All Sora's works are tested.
C. Sora has already been used widely.
D. It's hard for Sora to satisfy everyone.
5．Which can be the best title for the passage
A. OpenAI Makes Videos B. Sora Surprises the World
C. Sora's Videos Are Easy to Watch D. ChatGPT Helps Sora
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一家美国公司OpenAI创造的人工智能新模型Sora。
[答案]1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Sora’ is a new model...It can turn your words into videos like magic!”可知，Sora是一个能根据用户的话制作视频的模型，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones.”和“It also knows how things should look in real life.”可知，a和c符合对 Sora所制作的视频的描述，故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine.”可知，一开始视频是灰色的，看不清有什么，然后Sora处理视频，直到能看清。overhaul与fix意思相近，故选D。
4．推理判断题。通读最后一段内容并结合本段第一句中“it is not good enough”可推知，Sora并不完美，它所制作的视频在某些方面依然存在问题，故选A。
5．最佳标题题。根据第一段中“‘Sora’ is a new model...The cool model is surprising the world.”并通读全文其他内容可知，文章主要介绍了OpenAI的新模型Sora, 它给世界带来了惊喜。B选项“Sora Surprises the World”最适合作为文章标题，故选B。
七．[2024江苏连云港改编]
As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.
People may make facial expressions（面部表情） when eating. How do they affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西兰花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.
The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.
By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.
The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.
How does the behavior of adults influence children’s choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.
1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Excited. B. Amazed. C. Unhappy.
2．What’s the result of the study
A. People may prefer the food others like.
B. People may not choose the food others dislike.
C. Young women are easily affected by others.
3．The team may do further study on ______.
A. the safety of children’s food
B. the wish to understand children
C. the influences of parents’ behavior
4．What is the best title of the text
A. Videos affect choices of food
B. Opinions on vegetables influence others
C. Expressions prevent possible dangers
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人在吃某种食物时的面部表情可能会影响别人对该食物的喜好。
[答案]1．C2．B3．C4．B
[解析]
1．词义猜测题。根据“They would smile, seem neutral （neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.”可知，这里情绪由开心向不开心过渡，并结合第三段第一句可知，此处disgusted与unhappy意思相近，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however.”可知，选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“How does the behavior of adults influence children’s choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it.”可推知，选C。
4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了人吃蔬菜的表情会对别人产生影响，故选B。
八．（2023广东模拟，B）
Ever since the 19th century, people's search for improved ways of producing electricity has never stopped. Now a UK company has developed a new kind of floor. It is very special. There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps. When people step on this special floor, electricity is produced.
The inventor of the floor came up with the idea when he was a student and worked in an energy business. The business asked him to find ways to power up street lights in the city center using the energy from the sun, but it soon became clear that this might not work because many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan.
Why not use the energy produced by people who walk past the street instead The right technology could be used to convert this energy into electricity—right under people's feet.
The floor could actually be very efficient （效率高的）. This is especially true when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor.
The floor can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a particular （特定的） place at particular times. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping center, have a careful look at the floor that you're walking across!
1．What is special about the new kind of floor
A. It can be used in many busy areas in cities.
B. It depends on sunlight to produce electricity.
C. It can provide customers with information about shopping.
D. It produces electricity with the energy from footsteps.
2．Why do many city centers fail to get enough sunlight
A. Because the buildings are tall.
B. Because the skies aren't clear.
C. Because the traffic is always busy.
D. Because the environment is polluted.
3．What does the underlined word “convert” probably mean in this passage
A. Carry. B. Change. C. Collect. D. Avoid.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. It is really difficult to produce electricity by using sunlight.
B. The use of the floor may help solve the problem of climate change.
C. The more people walk on the floor, the more electricity can be produced.
D. The floor could be of little help to the shop owners near the street using it.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A. A Creative Business
B. A Talented Inventor
C. A Discussion on Sunlight
D. A New Way of Producing Electricity
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的发电方式，即利用脚步踩在地板上产生的能量来发电。
[答案]1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps.”可知，这种新型地板的特殊之处在于它利用脚步产生的能量来发电，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“...many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings.”可知, 许多城市中心得不到足够的阳光是因为楼房太高，故选A。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的use the energy和第二句中的this energy into electricity可知，这里的意思是把能量转变成电，change“改变，变成”符合句意，故选B。
4．细节理解题。选项A“利用阳光发电真的很困难”表述有误，因为文章只是说在市中心很难利用阳光发电；选项B“地板的使用可能有助于解决气候变化问题”文中没有提及；选项D“这种地板可能对使用它的街道附近的商店老板没有什么帮助”，与文章第五段第二、三句“This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers.”表述相悖；根据第四段第三句“And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor.”可知，踩在地板上的人越多，产生的能量就越多，从而产生的电量也就越多，故选C。
5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章是在介绍一种新的发电方式，即利用脚步踩在地板上产生的能量来发电。故选D。
九． [2023杭州,C]
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles（障碍）. When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It's important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into the riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
1．What can we learn about cyclocross from the text
A. It's a no-obstacle bike race. B. It's a cross-city bike race.
C. It's a challenging bike race. D. It's a dangerous running race.
2．What does the underlined word “dismount” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Pick up a bike. B. Get off a bike.
C. Get back on a bike. D. Practice riding a bike.
3．Why does a racer have to shoulder a bike in a race
A. To jump over obstacles. B. To take care of the bike.
C. To make room for others. D. To hit the ground harder.
4．What is the text mainly about
A. The skills of cyclocross racing.
B. The history of cyclocross racing.
C. The records of cyclocross racing.
D. The popularity of cyclocross racing.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车越野赛的比赛技巧。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中的“文学、艺术与体育”主题群，涉及“日常体育活动，重大体育赛事，体育精神”子主题内容。
[答案]1．C2．B3．A4．A
[解析]
2．词义猜测题。第二段第二句中的this指代dismount,其后内容是做到dismount的具体步骤，通过这些步骤，尤其根据最后一句“Put both feet on the ground and start running!”可推测dismount表示下车。故选B。
十．（2024广州二模，B）
It was dark. Holmes, Lestrade and I moved towards the house. “Let's wait here,” Holmes said. “We can hide behind these rocks. Watson, go to the house and see what they are doing. Make sure they don't see you.” I hid behind a wall. I could see Mr. Stapleton and Sir Henry sitting at a table.
Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed （棚屋） in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house. I hurried back to report everything to Lestrade and Holmes.
There was now a thick white fog over the moor （荒野）. “The fog is getting thicker,” said Holmes. “This is very serious—Sir Henry must leave Mr. Stapleton's house soon.”
Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog. Then, we heard something. A terrible animal appeared. It was a huge black hound （猎犬）. There was fire coming from its mouth and its huge eyes were glowing （发光）.
The hound ran after Sir Henry. Holmes and I both fired our guns. We hit it but the hound didn't stop. It jumped on Sir Henry and pushed him to the ground. Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead.
Sir Henry was lying on the path. We ran to him and found he was alive.
I put my hand on the hound's glowing face and found my own fingers glowed in the dark. “Phosphorous （含磷的）,” I said.
We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom. We untied her. When she knew Sir Henry was alive and the hound was dead, she cried, “Thank God!”
“Now we have proof （证据）, but we need Mr. Stapleton,” said Holmes.
（Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles）
1．What did Watson see Stapleton do in the yard
A. He took the hound for a walk in the yard.
B. He looked at the thick fog with Sir Henry.
C. He drank and talked with Sir Henry happily.
D. He opened a shed door and locked it again soon.
2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to
A. Sir Henry and the hound. B. The unknown footsteps.
C. Mr. Stapleton and the hound. D. The fog and the wind.
3．According to the story, what's the order of the following events
a.Holmes killed the hound with his gun. b.Sir Henry came out of the house to the path.
c.We found Mrs. Stapleton in Merripit House. d.Giant hound ran after Sir Henry.
e.Mr. Stapleton opened a shed door.
A. e-b-d-a-c B. e-b-d-c-a C. b-e-d-a-c D. b-e-d-c-a
4．What do you think will happen next in the novel
A. Mr. Stapleton will tell Holmes what he has done.
B. Sir Henry will be in danger after returning home.
C. Mrs. Stapleton will take us to search for Mr. Stapleton.
D. Holmes will talk about Mr. Stapleton's case at once.
本文选自小说《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》，讲述了Holmes和“我”杀死猎犬，救下Henry爵士的经过。
[答案]1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据“He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house.”可知，Watson看到Stapleton打开棚屋的门，很快又锁上了，故选D。
2．代词指代题。根据“Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog.”可知，突然，我们听到了脚步声，脚步声走近了，我们看见Henry爵士在雾中向我们走来。所以“They”指代的是“脚步声”，故选B。
3．事件排序题。根据“Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside.”可知，Stapleton先生打开了棚屋的门；根据“They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog.”可知，Henry爵士走在小路上；根据“The hound ran after Sir Henry.”可知，一只巨大的猎犬追赶着Henry爵士；根据“Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead.”可知，Holmes用枪打死了那只猎犬；根据“We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom.”可知，我们在Merripit House找到了Stapleton太太，所以A项是正确的顺序，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“ ‘Now we have proof, but we need Mr. Stapleton,’ said Holmes.”可知，接下来应该是要去寻找Stapleton先生，故选C。
十一．（2024广东模拟，B）
When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought For me, it was last Sunday. My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.
To be honest, I'm not interested in art paintings at all. I know very little about European art. So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition. But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet（莫奈） and Van Gogh（梵高）. The exhibition included 52 artworks. It was really a different experience to see them face to face.
My friend was happy to see so many different painting styles in one place. The visit made her remember the trip to Paris several years ago. She said that I could find art in every corner of the city.
Most of the visitors, I thought, had little knowledge about art like me. They were just busy taking pictures, and then showed everyone on WeChat that they had been there. Under the influence of my friend, an art lover, I began to appreciate the paintings carefully. My friend shared interesting stories behind them. Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's “Long Grass with Butterflies” moved me the most. Those things such as grass and butterflies were quite common in my life. However, I had never thought they were worth attention. I had usually followed the crowd to see what was “special” in their view. Actually, we should pay more attention to the “common” things around us.
Sometimes we are supposed to have a careful look and think for a while. Then we will find the true beauty in our life.
1．Where was the exhibition held
A. In Shanghai. B. In Europe. C. In Paris. D. In Australia.
2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Introduce. B. Create. C. Trust. D. Watch.
3．Which is the right order of the following events
①The writer refused to go to the art exhibition.
②The writer went to see the exhibition with a friend.
③The writer was invited to the exhibition.
④The writer was moved by “Long Grass with Butterfly”.
A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ③①②④ D. ③④②①
4．What can we know from the passage
A. The writer used to show great interest in art paintings.
B. This exhibition included 52 artworks of different styles.
C. Monet created “Long Grass with Butterfly”.
D. All the visitors had little knowledge of art.
5．Which can be the best title of the passage
A. A Visit to Europe B. Stop, Listen and Show
C. Enjoy the Artworks D. Stop, Look and Think
本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者在朋友的影响下从不喜欢艺术到最终爱上艺术，学会了欣赏艺术。文章告诉我们，有时候我们应该停下来仔细观察和思考，只有这样我们才会发现我们生命中真正的美。
[答案]1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.”可知，艺术展是在上海举行，故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“...I began to appreciate the paintings carefully.”可知，作者开始仔细地欣赏油画。D选项的watch“观看”与appreciate意思相近，故选D。
3．事件排序题。根据第一段第三句“My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.” 可知作者受邀去画展；根据第二段第三句“So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition.”可知，作者一开始拒绝去画展；根据第二段第四句“But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet and Van Gogh.”可知，作者最终还是去了画展；根据第四段第五句“Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's ‘Long Grass with Butterflies’ moved me the most.”可知，作者被梵高的《长草地与蝴蝶》感动了。由此可知，答案应选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“The exhibition included 52 artworks.”可知，本次画展包括52件艺术品，选项B正确。其他选项与文章内容不符，故选B。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章讲述作者在朋友的影响下从不喜欢艺术到最终爱上艺术，学会了欣赏艺术。文章告诉我们，有时候我们应该停下来仔细观察和思考，只有这样我们才会发现我们生命中真正的美。结合文章第一句“When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought ”可知，选项D与文章的主旨大意相符，适合作为标题，故选D。
十二.（2024广州二模，B）
How our travel choices impact the climate
Travelling in cars, trucks, planes, and other vehicles has an effect on climate change. But how bad is each type of transportation Let's take a look. For more information, see the 2022 book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike.
Bus vs. Train
Buses and trains carry a lot of people. So the carbon impact （影响） of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight of the people and the bus or train itself. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride.
—Bus wins!
Old Car vs. New Car
When people must drive, what type of car is the best Electric cars are fantastic, but they're not perfect. According to Mike, the fuel used to power a car only accounts for about 50 percent of its impact. The other half comes mostly from building and maintaining a car. Factories make or assemble （组装） parts for new cars. All of this requires energy.
In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one.
—Old car wins!
Car vs. Plane
Only about two percent of global emissions （排放） come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel. Even though planes carry more people than cars, a plane trip is usually far worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can't switch to electric passenger planes because batteries aren't yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It's hard to avoid the conclusion that we need to fly less,” writes Mike.
—Car wins!
1．Why is the climate impact of a train ride greater than that of a bus ride
A. Trains require more fuel to start. B. Trains are larger and heavier.
C. Trains carry more people. D. Trains move much faster.
2．If we must drive, what should we do according to the passage
A. Buy a small car that is newly produced.
B. Drive a big car that can carry more people.
C. Drive our cars that are used for a long time.
D. Buy new electric cars that are small but fantastic.
3．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5
A. The fact that around 2% of global emissions come from air travel.
B. The reason why planes are less common than other forms of travel.
C. The influence that burning fuel high in the sky has on climate change.
D. The moment when getting a heavy plane into the sky burns lots of fuel.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Tips for safe driving while travelling.
B. The influence of travel choices on the climate.
C. Travelling by different types of transportation.
D. Importance of choosing a green way to travel.
本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了不同出行方式对气候变化的影响。
[答案]1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
[解析]
1．细节理解题。根据“Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride.”可知，坐火车比坐公共汽车对气候的影响更大是因为火车更大更重，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one.”可知，最环保的选择是尽可能长时间地保留旧车，或者买一辆小型二手车而不是新车。因此如果我们必须开车，就开我们开了很长时间的车，故选C。
3．代词指代题。根据“Only about two percent of global emissions come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel.”可知，全球只有大约2%的排放量来自航空旅行，这主要是因为它比其他形式的旅行要少得多。因此“that”指的是前面所提到的全球只有大约2%的排放量来自航空旅行这个事实，故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据标题“How our travel choices impact the climate”可知，本文主要探讨了不同出行方式对气候变化的影响，故选B。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)字词猜测解题技巧
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
解题技巧
1.指代猜测法
指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系，判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时，应注意代词指代的总原则——就近指代。
When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know more things about different customs(风俗). You read all these from books in the past, but now you have a chance to know them clearly. You can also make new friends from different countries. They can help you know more about their own countries.
What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 3
A. Friends. B. Teachers. C. Countries. D. Customs.
2.转折对比法
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture.However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born to Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that
language.
问：The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ __________ ”.
A. system B. spread C. start D. spirit
3.因果关系法
［2022北京C篇节选］Look into what the company tells us about their product. It’s easy to say that a product is “green” or “all natural”， but the words may be too good to be true.So,much of the information about a product should be taken with a grain of salt. After all,companies try to make us believe that their products are environmentally responsible.
问：The words “be taken with a grain of salt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean“__________”.
A. be easily understood B. not be completely believed
C. be widely spread D. not be quickly forgotten
4.解释说明法
Space exploration has triggered advances in science and technology which benefited humans and improved the quality life on Earth These benefits are related to space technology such as satellite communications, global positioning system（GPS）and weather forecasting.The development of satellite technology, for instance,makes telecommunications possible, connecting people from different parts of the world through satellite television, phones, radio and Internet access.
问：The words “triggered advances” in Paragraph 2 probably mean “__________” .
A. led to great progress B. slowed down the speed
C. set back future growth D. caught up with the development
5.举例说明法
［2024房山二模节选］It’s okay to help others, but being an echoist can sometimes lose your own interests. Echoists always try their best to prioritize others. For example echoists might choose to make sure someone else is happy instead of caring about their own needs. Remember as long as it doesn’t harm the collective good, you are the most important person in your life, and it’s fair for your needs to come first sometimes.
问：The word “prioritize” in Paragraph 5 probably means __________.
A.look down upon B. give first place to
C.catch up with D. depend on
6.短语猜测法
短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。
Jim likes sugar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.
One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.
"What's the matter, dear " his mother asked in a hurry.
"I've got a toothache," said Jim.
So his mother took him to the dentist's. The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.
Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, "What was the matter with you those days, Jim "
"I had a had toothache, madam," answered Jim.
"Oh, I'm sorry to hear that," said Mrs. Hunt. "Is it better now "
"I don't know, madam. I left it at the dentist's."
What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"
A.切开 B.拔掉 C.缝补 D.组装
7. 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法
在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) ...or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than,, on the other hand等
There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but the food is cheap...
The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is ________.
A.美味的 B.昂贵的 C.难的 D.廉价的
8.构词法猜词法
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等，如果一来，这些问题便不难解决了。
3D VR Glasses
This is a new arrival 3D VR Shinecon Helmet virtual(虚拟的) reality glasses.
It supports many smartphone models with Android or IOS system. Put your phone into the VR glasses and enter the virtual reality world. You can enjoy the super big screen effect of 3D videos. No need to go to cinemas. You can also play 3D games with it.
Specification (说明书)
Brand (商标) Name: Gtek
Size: 190mm X 135mm X 85mm
Weight: 500g
Lens (镜头): HD Optical Resin Augmented
Lens Diameter: 30mm
Phone Supported: Screen size from 3.5 to 6.0 inches, phone
Length: less than 160mm, width less than 85mm
The underlined word "Length" probably means ______ in Chinese.
A.长度 B.宽度 C.厚度 D.高度
一．[2024益阳二模]B
I’m an exchange student（交换生） from Spain living in the United States.
January 15
My hometown, Seville, Spain, is a city with active people and lively nightlife. So coming to Seattle, the United States, has been quite an eye-opener. Americans think of Seattle as an exciting city, but the first time I went out with friends on a Saturday night, there was hardly anybody out in the streets. I even thought something was wrong! Then my friend said most of their social life happens indoors. In Seville, people go around in the streets all year round, and Saturday nights are like a big celebration.
February 8
Before I came to the United States, a friend told me that American friends don’t greet each other like we do in Spain, where we touch cheeks（脸颊） and make kissing sounds. Americans often hug each other, but kissing is not common. So imagine my surprise when I met a new girl. She immediately gave me a Spanish-style kiss. When I asked my friend about this later, she said the girl is from a family of actors, and that “air-kissing” is a usual greeting for them. My friend also said that some outgoing people greet their friends or family this way, but that might make others feel uncomfortable. I think I’ll shake hands and hug others while I’m here!
Lucy
1．Where is Lucy staying now
A. In Australia. B. In Britain. C. In America.
2．What did the writer think of the streets in Seattle at night
A. They were exciting.
B. They were like a big celebration.
C. They were a little quiet.
3．What does the underlined word “this” refer to
A. Spanish people like going around.
B. The girl kissed Lucy.
C. Americans hug each other.
4．What does the writer want to tell us through this passage
A. An exchange student’s life is comfortable.
B. American people are politer than Spanish people.
C. There are different ways of life between the United States and Spain.
二． [2024温州三模]
As paper calendars have lost popularity, many people are turning to digital calendars on smartphones. But the creative paper calendars which have new and interesting designs and Chinese cultural elements（要素） are becoming popular again in China.
Before the Spring Festival every year, the Palace Museum publishes several types of creative calendars. Of all the calendars, the calendar for the year 2021 is the most popular. It lists 365 collections of different types from different dynasties, specifically（明确地） showing Chinese farming culture. The collections are chosen from its over 1.8 million treasures.
Another popular calendar is about traditional Chinese poems in both Chinese and English. The English ones were translated by the famous Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong. Inside it are flower paintings by Italian painter Giuseppe Castiglione.
Both calendars introduce knowledge about Chinese culture, sharing cultural information along with historical dates.
“The choice of a theme for a creative calendar is very important, requiring much effort and relatively high production costs,” said Liang Yuan, an editor.
“The popularity of creative calendars also shows a change in people's consumption as they focus more on design, which is shown in the fact that wonderful calendars generally sell well although their prices are high,” Liang added.
1．Which of the following is specially shown in the calendar for the year 2021
A. B.
C. D.
2．Why are the creative calendars popular
A. Because they are designed well with Chinese cultural elements.
B. Because they are designed well and cheaper than others.
C. Because they are designed by famous English designers.
D. Because people can't find other creative paper calendars.
3．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The collections of the Palace Museum.
B. Chinese farming culture.
C. The digital calendars on smartphones.
D. The Palace Museum's calendar for the year 2021.
4．What does the underlined word “consumption” mean
A. The understanding of culture. B. The act of buying.
C. The importance of saving money. D. The respect for history.
三．(2024深圳二模，C)In October 2023, three Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in Leimert Park, California. This was serious news for farmers in California, a big farming state. The solution to the problem seems a little unusual: freeing millions more of the flies.
The Mediterranean fruit fly, known as the “Medfly”, is one of the most serious dangers to farmers worldwide. Once the flies make their way into an area, it can be very hard for farmers to drive them away.
The flies lay their eggs in over 300 kinds of fruits and vegetables. When the eggs hatch, they turn into worm-like larvae that can destroy these products. However, it can be hard to know that the flies are there until it's too late.
The fruits and vegetables still look normal even after the eggs are laid inside. So the damaged fruits and vegetables can be sent to other places, allowing the Medflies to spread.
To stop the problem from spreading, the government built a large quarantine area, which means that no farm products can be moved out of that area. Luckily, California has developed a program to control Medflies. The plan includes using planes to drop millions of Medflies over the area. In fact, they only drop male flies, and all of them have been treated so that they can't help produce new fruit flies. The males are sterile. This means that even though they can mate with female fruit flies, the eggs produced will never grow or hatch.
The plan may sound like a bad idea at first, but it can surely make Medfly numbers fall.
1．What does the underlined word “This” refer to
A. The farming in California.
B. The reason for freeing the flies.
C. The solution to the fruit fly problem.
D. The discovery of Medflies in California.
2．What danger can the Medflies cause for farmers
A. Producing harmful waste.
B. Bringing diseases to farmers.
C. Damaging farm products badly.
D. Attracting more Medflies to the fields.
3．Which question of the following does Paragraph 4 mainly answer
A. How do Medflies lay eggs B. Where do Medflies spread
C. When do Medflies lay eggs D. Why is it hard to find Medflies
4．How does California control the Medflies
A. By producing new fruit flies.
B. By moving out the female Medflies.
C. By dropping sterile male Medflies.
D. By building an area to keep Medflies
5．What's the best title for the passage
A. Finding a Way to Grow Crops
B. Fighting Fruit Flies with Fruit Flies
C. Stopping a Health Problem from Spreading
D. Developing a Program to Produce More Fruits
四．（2024湖北武汉，B）
The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry: “Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat.
On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia.
When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.”
Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）:
“OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.”
Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think.
When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said.
1．What does “another” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. A pond. B. A swimmer. C. A glass bottle. D. A boat.
2．The underlined word “mission” means “______”.
A. an important task B. a fair game
C. an interesting show D. a secret meeting
3．By searching for the rubbish in the ponds, OWAUR ______.
A. found interest and did well B. changed people's hobbies
C. improved their health a lot D. won fame and got prizes
4．Why were the old women regarded as Mermaids
A. They must be good at swimming.
B. They could be trusted by some people.
C. They should be responsible for their group.
D. They might be thought young and beautiful.
5．What would be the best title for the passage
A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond
C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan
五．[2023常德三模]
Once there were two good friends Tom and Tony. They were classmates. Tom was a top student. Tom was always chosen to perform in all school programs and became famous throughout the school. He was always ahead of Tony in all fields.
One day when Tony returned home from school he was feeling blue. When his mother saw that, she said, “Why do you look so sad ”
Tony replied, “It’s all because of Tom. Once again he got higher marks than me and no matter how hard I try, he is always ahead of me.”
Mother questioned, “Are you jealous（妒忌的） of Tom ”
Tony replied, “No, no, why would I be jealous of him He is my friend.”
Mother continued, “When Tom is ahead of you, you don’t like it. When he loses, you feel happy. Tell me. Do you feel all of these ”
Tony was surprised with what he heard and said, “It’s true but how did you know about this ”
Mother replied, “Your face shows it all. When you heartily appreciate（欣赏） the good qualities in others, those qualities will develop in you.”
Tony began to think, “Tom studies hard every day. He always follows his timetable...”
Tony felt inspired on that day. He began to notice and appreciate Tom’s good qualities. Within no time, he also became a good boy like Tom. He wasn’t jealous of Tom anymore. And he was making progress in all fields.
1．Which “blue” in the following sentences has the same meaning as the underlined word “blue”
A. Do you know the boy wearing a blue shirt
B. Her hands were blue with cold.
C. He’d been feeling blue all week.
2．Which of the following is TRUE
A. Tony was never jealous of Tom.
B. Tony learned to appreciate Tom.
C. Tony was more famous at school than Tom.
3．After Tony was inspired by his mother, he began to think that Tom was ______.
A. hard-working B. careless C. impolite
4．What can we learn from the story
A. We should be friendly to others.
B. We should be ahead of others in all fields.
C. We should focus our energy on appreciating others’ good qualities.
六．（2024广东模拟，B）
“Sora” is a new model created by OpenAI, an American company. The cool model is surprising the world. It doesn't just make text and pictures for us anymore. It can turn your words into videos like magic! Just tell Sora your ideas and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Videos created by Sora look good on both large TVs and small smartphones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details（细节）. It also knows how things should look in real life.
Why is it so good Sora is a good learner. It watches many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small parts. It uses these parts to make a new video. The new video is gray at first and you can't tell what's in it. Then, Sora overhauls the video until it looks fine. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT. It can turn the users' short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked.
OpenAI is still testing Sora, so it is not good enough. Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example， when a person moves, things around them change. Sora can't make everything look real. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candles on a birthday cake, but the flame（火焰） doesn't move. Besides, Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” and mess up a person's leg movements.
1．What is Sora
A. An online tool that can answer its users' questions.
B. A website that breaks videos into very small parts.
C. An AI tool which offers music choices to video makers.
D. A model that can create videos according to its users' words.
2．Which of the following can describe videos made by Sora
a.They look nice. b.They seem a bit unclear.
c.They seem true. d.They are longer than a minute.
A. ab B. bc C. ac D. cd
3．What does the underlined word “overhauls” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Follows. B. Studies. C. Gives. D. Fixes.
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Sora is not perfect.
B. All Sora's works are tested.
C. Sora has already been used widely.
D. It's hard for Sora to satisfy everyone.
5．Which can be the best title for the passage
A. OpenAI Makes Videos B. Sora Surprises the World
C. Sora's Videos Are Easy to Watch D. ChatGPT Helps Sora
七．[2024江苏连云港改编]
As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people’s likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.
People may make facial expressions（面部表情） when eating. How do they affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西兰花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.
The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.
By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.
The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.
How does the behavior of adults influence children’s choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.
1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Excited. B. Amazed. C. Unhappy.
2．What’s the result of the study
A. People may prefer the food others like.
B. People may not choose the food others dislike.
C. Young women are easily affected by others.
3．The team may do further study on ______.
A. the safety of children’s food
B. the wish to understand children
C. the influences of parents’ behavior
4．What is the best title of the text
A. Videos affect choices of food
B. Opinions on vegetables influence others
C. Expressions prevent possible dangers
八．（2023广东模拟，B）
Ever since the 19th century, people's search for improved ways of producing electricity has never stopped. Now a UK company has developed a new kind of floor. It is very special. There is a system that can produce a certain amount of electricity very cheaply using the energy from footsteps. When people step on this special floor, electricity is produced.
The inventor of the floor came up with the idea when he was a student and worked in an energy business. The business asked him to find ways to power up street lights in the city center using the energy from the sun, but it soon became clear that this might not work because many city centers don't get enough sunlight because of tall buildings. Then he thought of a better plan.
Why not use the energy produced by people who walk past the street instead The right technology could be used to convert this energy into electricity—right under people's feet.
The floor could actually be very efficient （效率高的）. This is especially true when it is used in very busy areas. And the reason is that a lot of energy is produced simply because of large numbers of people walking across the floor.
The floor can have other uses too, such as recording how many people visit a particular （特定的） place at particular times. This kind of information is very useful for certain people. For example, shop owners near the place would be interested in knowing what time of the day they have the highest customer numbers. So the next time you visit a big shopping center, have a careful look at the floor that you're walking across!
1．What is special about the new kind of floor
A. It can be used in many busy areas in cities.
B. It depends on sunlight to produce electricity.
C. It can provide customers with information about shopping.
D. It produces electricity with the energy from footsteps.
2．Why do many city centers fail to get enough sunlight
A. Because the buildings are tall.
B. Because the skies aren't clear.
C. Because the traffic is always busy.
D. Because the environment is polluted.
3．What does the underlined word “convert” probably mean in this passage
A. Carry. B. Change. C. Collect. D. Avoid.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. It is really difficult to produce electricity by using sunlight.
B. The use of the floor may help solve the problem of climate change.
C. The more people walk on the floor, the more electricity can be produced.
D. The floor could be of little help to the shop owners near the street using it.
5．What is the best title of the passage
A. A Creative Business
B. A Talented Inventor
C. A Discussion on Sunlight
D. A New Way of Producing Electricity
九． [2023杭州,C]
Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing. Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth. Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles（障碍）. When racers reach them, they can ride over them, or pick up their bikes and run.
To be a top racer, you must dismount without slowing down at all. To do this, swing your right leg over the bike seat. At the same time, move the bike away from your body. This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot. As your right foot nears the ground, take your left foot away from the bike. Put both feet on the ground and start running!
As soon as you are running, you have to decide what to do with your bike. You may shoulder it or lift it. It's important to practice both skills. Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles. As your feet hit the ground, you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike. Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run. Sometimes you may lift your bike. You catch the top of your bike. Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.
After you have carried your bike across an obstacle, you will need to remount. As soon as your bike is on the ground, push off with your left leg, swing your right leg over the bike seat, and move into the riding position. Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross. You can learn by watching someone who remounts well.
Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun. However, it can be dangerous. Make sure that you are well prepared. Then, you will just need to go!
1．What can we learn about cyclocross from the text
A. It's a no-obstacle bike race. B. It's a cross-city bike race.
C. It's a challenging bike race. D. It's a dangerous running race.
2．What does the underlined word “dismount” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Pick up a bike. B. Get off a bike.
C. Get back on a bike. D. Practice riding a bike.
3．Why does a racer have to shoulder a bike in a race
A. To jump over obstacles. B. To take care of the bike.
C. To make room for others. D. To hit the ground harder.
4．What is the text mainly about
A. The skills of cyclocross racing.
B. The history of cyclocross racing.
C. The records of cyclocross racing.
D. The popularity of cyclocross racing.
十．（2024广州二模，B）
It was dark. Holmes, Lestrade and I moved towards the house. “Let's wait here,” Holmes said. “We can hide behind these rocks. Watson, go to the house and see what they are doing. Make sure they don't see you.” I hid behind a wall. I could see Mr. Stapleton and Sir Henry sitting at a table.
Then, Mr. Stapleton left the room and walked to a shed （棚屋） in the yard. He opened the door and there was a strange noise from inside. After a minute he locked the door and went back into the house. I hurried back to report everything to Lestrade and Holmes.
There was now a thick white fog over the moor （荒野）. “The fog is getting thicker,” said Holmes. “This is very serious—Sir Henry must leave Mr. Stapleton's house soon.”
Suddenly, we heard footsteps. They got closer and we saw Sir Henry walking towards us through the fog. Then, we heard something. A terrible animal appeared. It was a huge black hound （猎犬）. There was fire coming from its mouth and its huge eyes were glowing （发光）.
The hound ran after Sir Henry. Holmes and I both fired our guns. We hit it but the hound didn't stop. It jumped on Sir Henry and pushed him to the ground. Holmes pointed his gun and shot the hound five times. The giant hound was dead.
Sir Henry was lying on the path. We ran to him and found he was alive.
I put my hand on the hound's glowing face and found my own fingers glowed in the dark. “Phosphorous （含磷的）,” I said.
We walked towards Merripit House to search for Mr. Stapleton. In the house we didn't find him, but we found Mrs. Stapleton tied up in a bedroom. We untied her. When she knew Sir Henry was alive and the hound was dead, she cried, “Thank God!”
“Now we have proof （证据）, but we need Mr. Stapleton,” said Holmes.
（Adapted from The Hound of the Baskervilles）
1．What did Watson see Stapleton do in the yard
A. He took the hound for a walk in the yard.
B. He looked at the thick fog with Sir Henry.
C. He drank and talked with Sir Henry happily.
D. He opened a shed door and locked it again soon.
2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to
A. Sir Henry and the hound. B. The unknown footsteps.
C. Mr. Stapleton and the hound. D. The fog and the wind.
3．According to the story, what's the order of the following events
a.Holmes killed the hound with his gun. b.Sir Henry came out of the house to the path.
c.We found Mrs. Stapleton in Merripit House. d.Giant hound ran after Sir Henry.
e.Mr. Stapleton opened a shed door.
A. e-b-d-a-c B. e-b-d-c-a C. b-e-d-a-c D. b-e-d-c-a
4．What do you think will happen next in the novel
A. Mr. Stapleton will tell Holmes what he has done.
B. Sir Henry will be in danger after returning home.
C. Mrs. Stapleton will take us to search for Mr. Stapleton.
D. Holmes will talk about Mr. Stapleton's case at once.
十一．（2024广东模拟，B）
When did you stop, take a good look and get lost in thought For me, it was last Sunday. My friend invited me to a European art exhibition in Shanghai.
To be honest, I'm not interested in art paintings at all. I know very little about European art. So, at first, I refused to go to the exhibition. But finally I became excited to see the artworks of famous artists like Monet（莫奈） and Van Gogh（梵高）. The exhibition included 52 artworks. It was really a different experience to see them face to face.
My friend was happy to see so many different painting styles in one place. The visit made her remember the trip to Paris several years ago. She said that I could find art in every corner of the city.
Most of the visitors, I thought, had little knowledge about art like me. They were just busy taking pictures, and then showed everyone on WeChat that they had been there. Under the influence of my friend, an art lover, I began to appreciate the paintings carefully. My friend shared interesting stories behind them. Of all the paintings, Van Gogh's “Long Grass with Butterflies” moved me the most. Those things such as grass and butterflies were quite common in my life. However, I had never thought they were worth attention. I had usually followed the crowd to see what was “special” in their view. Actually, we should pay more attention to the “common” things around us.
Sometimes we are supposed to have a careful look and think for a while. Then we will find the true beauty in our life.
1．Where was the exhibition held
A. In Shanghai. B. In Europe. C. In Paris. D. In Australia.
2．What does the underlined word “appreciate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Introduce. B. Create. C. Trust. D. Watch.
3．Which is the right order of the following events
①The writer refused to go to the art exhibition.
②The writer went to see the exhibition with a friend.
③The writer was invited to the exhibition.
④The writer was moved by “Long Grass with Butterfly”.
A. ④③②① B. ④②①③ C. ③①②④ D. ③④②①
4．What can we know from the passage
A. The writer used to show great interest in art paintings.
B. This exhibition included 52 artworks of different styles.
C. Monet created “Long Grass with Butterfly”.
D. All the visitors had little knowledge of art.
5．Which can be the best title of the passage
A. A Visit to Europe B. Stop, Listen and Show
C. Enjoy the Artworks D. Stop, Look and Think
十二.（2024广州二模，B）
How our travel choices impact the climate
Travelling in cars, trucks, planes, and other vehicles has an effect on climate change. But how bad is each type of transportation Let's take a look. For more information, see the 2022 book The Carbon Footprint of Everything by Mike.
Bus vs. Train
Buses and trains carry a lot of people. So the carbon impact （影响） of the ride gets divided among all the passengers. The fuel powering a bus or train also needs to push all the weight of the people and the bus or train itself. Trains are extremely large and heavy. All that extra weight makes the climate impact of a typical train ride more than the impact of a typical bus ride.
—Bus wins!
Old Car vs. New Car
When people must drive, what type of car is the best Electric cars are fantastic, but they're not perfect. According to Mike, the fuel used to power a car only accounts for about 50 percent of its impact. The other half comes mostly from building and maintaining a car. Factories make or assemble （组装） parts for new cars. All of this requires energy.
In general, Mike says, the most climate-friendly choice is to keep an old car as long as possible, or buy a small used car instead of a new one.
—Old car wins!
Car vs. Plane
Only about two percent of global emissions （排放） come from air travel. But that is mainly because it's much less common than other forms of travel. Even though planes carry more people than cars, a plane trip is usually far worse for the climate. Getting a heavy plane up into the sky and keeping it there burns lots of fuel. And today we can't switch to electric passenger planes because batteries aren't yet powerful enough. Also, burning fuel high in the sky has a greater impact on climate change than burning the same amount of fuel close to the ground. “It's hard to avoid the conclusion that we need to fly less,” writes Mike.
—Car wins!
1．Why is the climate impact of a train ride greater than that of a bus ride
A. Trains require more fuel to start. B. Trains are larger and heavier.
C. Trains carry more people. D. Trains move much faster.
2．If we must drive, what should we do according to the passage
A. Buy a small car that is newly produced.
B. Drive a big car that can carry more people.
C. Drive our cars that are used for a long time.
D. Buy new electric cars that are small but fantastic.
3．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in Paragraph 5
A. The fact that around 2% of global emissions come from air travel.
B. The reason why planes are less common than other forms of travel.
C. The influence that burning fuel high in the sky has on climate change.
D. The moment when getting a heavy plane into the sky burns lots of fuel.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Tips for safe driving while travelling.
B. The influence of travel choices on the climate.
C. Travelling by different types of transportation.
D. Importance of choosing a green way to travel.
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