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专题09 语法填空2（名词、冠词、形容词副词，代词、介词、连词 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
无词形变化的词题，
一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词；
有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式，
一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化、疑问词、从句中引导词等几种情况。
一．提示词为名词
解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
1．[2024湖南联考]According to the particular ways the Chinese use to process ________（leaf）, there are five kinds of tea: green tea, oolong, flower tea, black tea and compressed（紧压的） tea.
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]On May 4th, 1919, thousands of students from ________________（university） and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest（抗议） against the unfair Treaty of Versailles （《凡尔赛条约》）.
3．[2024岳阳二模]Huang encouraged ____________（village） to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them sell their products online.
4．[2024长沙模拟]According to ____________（scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure.
6．[2024江苏扬州]Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）.
7．[2024云南]David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job.
8．[2023永州]Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis.
9．[2023郴州改编]My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
10．[2023永州]China plans to pay more attention to scientific ____________（educate） in its primary and middle schools.
二．提示词为形容词或副词
解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
1．[2024永州一模]I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were ____________（unlucky） than themselves.
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]Our youth is also like taking study ____________（serious） over the deep night.
3．[2024长沙模拟]The mascot is ____________（careful） designed（设计）. It takes two months to finish designing the mascot.
4．[2024常德模拟改编]He thought that he worked ________（hard） than Bobby.
5．[2024长沙模拟]The use of robot caregivers may make the situation even ______（bad） than this.
6．[2023岳阳改编]Mind health is as ____________（important） as body health.
7．[2023怀化改编]Xu Mengtao is one of the ______________（famous） players in China.
8．[2023常德]The car is old, but it still runs very ____（good）.
9．[2023郴州改编]It’s one of ________________（happy） things in the world to stay with our family members.
10．[2023永州]Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth ________（safe） on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
11．[2023常德]The Yangtze River is one of ______________（long） rivers in the world.
12．[2023株洲改编]ChatGPT is one of ______________（hot） AI models these days.
13．[2022怀化改编]The air in Huaihua is ________（good） than before.
14．[2022长沙]__________（recent）, the government has been working together with a university and some building companies（公司） to build houses that are fully 3D-printed.
15．[2022常德]—What will the future be like
—Cities will be__________________（beautiful）. And there will be more trees.
三．提示词为代词
解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
1．[2024娄底二模]She created a course that educated divers about the beauty of sharks and the need to protect them and （they） environment.
2．[2024长沙明德模拟] （it） name is made up of two parts, namely “baduan” and “jin”.
3．[2024湘西州一模改编]If we feel pleased with our bodies, we will be more likely to take care of （they）.
4．[2024长沙模拟]We are proud to call ____________（we） the “descendants（传人） of the dragon”.
5．[2024邵阳模拟]From the dining hall’s pizza to the coffee shops’ burgers, it was difficult for ____（she） to eat healthily every day.
6．[2024张家界模拟]There are hardly any fish left, and the water ________（it） smells terrible.
7．[2024衡阳三模]In the first episode, for example, two actresses appeared and grew watermelons and cooked local food together by ____________（they）.
8．[2023怀化改编]My mother’s birthday is coming. I will buy a gift for ____（she）.
9．[2023岳阳改编]Believe in __________（you） and you can overcome your shyness.
10．[2024长沙改编]The twins are so alike that even their father finds hard to tell them from each other.
四．填介词
解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
1．[2024长沙模拟]For example, the design of the dragon claw（爪子） in “Loong Chenchen” gets ideas ____ the pattern of the Nine-Dragon Wall of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
2．[2024衡阳一模]____ his 90s, Huang could still move his boat with speed.
3．[2024怀化二模]I had some problems with my English. I failed English tests __ a row.
4．[2024常德一模]Thank you ____ what you said, but I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave.
5．[2024邵阳模拟]__ first, it was not easy since she ate candy almost every day.
6．[2024湘潭一模]Students can learn from each other by taking part ____ a study group.
7．[2024湘西州一模]By contrast（相比之下）, feeling worried ______ our bodies could make us feel upset from time to time.
8．[2024郴州二模]I have to say that life in Canada is quite different ____ that in China.
9．[2024河北改编]Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ____ ten minutes.
10．[2024四川成都改编]China Daily named “growth” ____ its “Word of the Year 2023”.
五．填冠词
解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
1．[2024长沙模拟]The dragon plays important role in Chinese culture.
2．[2024湖南联考]Born in 1924, he had unusual life.
3．[2024长沙模拟]Some fruits and vegetables travel long way to get to your table.
4．[2024衡阳模拟改编]There is no denying that more and more people live fast-paced lives these days. However, the TV show Back to Field（《向往的生活》）, started in 2017, shows us how to live slow life in the rural areas near different cities.
5．[2024山东菏泽改编]—What interesting book!
—Yes, book is really amazing.
6．[2023永州]At beginning, many people in Europe refused to eat tomatoes because they thought the fruit was dangerous.
7．[2023常德]—What do you want to be when you grow up
—I want to be actor.
8．[2023邵阳改编]—Hi, Wang Li, who is Miss Deng
—Miss Deng is nice teacher and she is very popular in our school.
9．[2023岳阳改编]Hangzhou will hold 19th Asian Games in 2023.
10．[2023怀化改编]The C919 is large plane made by China.
六．连词
解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
1.Lucy tried to be brave,　 　results always made her disappointed.
2.　 　you don't learn English well, you will miss the chance to travel abroad.
3.　 　Mr.Miller takes a bus, he will be here on time.
4.You cannot see the clouds 　 　the sky is very clear.
5.It's easy to get there.You can 　 　ride a bike 　 　take a bus.
6.The book was so interesting that Jim had read it for three hours 　 　he got it.
7.Miss Chen has been teaching in this school 　 　she was 26 years old.
8.　 　Mr.Liu is over sixty years old, he still plans to learn a second language.
9.Three buses went by in the opposite direction 　 　 we were waiting at the bus stop.
10.“This is our first lesson,　 　I don't know all your names,” said Miss White.
1.（2024湖北武汉）
阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
The theme parks in the world are popular because they have their own character IPs（知识产权）, such as Mickey Mouse and Harry Potter. According to 1 research report, IP is the “heart” of a theme park. 2 （develop） China’s own IPs, some theme parks make good use of traditional Chinese culture, and others focus on films about Chinese 3 （story）.
It is 4 （encourage） that the Chinese cultural industry（产业） has been taking a big step in creative works. For example, some famous theme parks have opened in Shanghai and Beijing 5 （recent）. It’s happy to see that some Chinese culture has been welcomed in the parks.
Over the past few years, Chinese cultural IPs have often appeared 6 movies and TV dramas. For example, the Chinese film Chang’an San Wan Li became a success thanks to the Chinese ink paintings, ancient poems 7 high technology in it. Besides, Mulan, which 8 （produce） years ago, helped traditional Chinese culture to be learned by the world.
Traditional Chinese culture 9 （provide） special experiences for the entertainment industry. The key lies in new ideas. With the help of high technology, China can develop 10 （it） traditional cultural IPs and it will have world-class theme parks in the coming years.
2.（2024吉林长春）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Westwood National Park is a very huge national park. It is well known 1 its fascinating scenes and many kinds of animals, especially bears. It is one of my favorite 2 （place） to take photos.
I will never forget that afternoon. Birds flew over the 3 （peace） lake. The mountains 4 （cover） with white snow. With the camera held to my eye, I was recording the amazing picture. All of a sudden, I found two baby bears far away running after each other 5 （happy）. Sometimes they stopped to look around; sometimes one rubbed（蹭） against the other’s back. They had a lot of fun playing in 6 sun. At that moment, I completely lost myself in the sweet environment. How I wished that time could stand still! I really hoped 7 （catch） the warm scene with my camera and I did it. After a while, I 8 （hear） a loud roar（吼叫） from the mother bear. The two baby bears stood up quickly 9 ran back to the forest. I was so lucky that I could take such a picture.
The photo always reminds 10 （I） that the real beauty is “nature” in nature.
6.(2023江苏苏州)
请认真阅读下面短文,填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dancing with the Light
A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards 　1　 walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small 　2　(piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 　3　(see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip.
The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept 　4　(imagine) how many shadows(影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively　5　 I came back to explore it with my camera.
Working 　6　(free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 　7　(amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.
I 　8　(take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color 　9　 the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found 　10　(I) enjoying a moment of this dance.
1.（2024长沙三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you speak a dialect（方言） in daily life While many Chinese people speak Putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government 1 （start） the Chinese Language Resources（资源） Protection Project several years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. 2 （they） languages include 81 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the 3 （large） language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5 million audio clips（音频片段） and over 5 million videos.
A language professor told us his worries 4 the disappearance of dialects. “For over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand 5 hardly speak the dialect. At the same time, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps 6 （happen）, the dialect might disappear,” he said.
So how did China make this big library “A big national effort 7 （put） into the project to make it happen in the last few years,” said Cao Zhiyun, 8 expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
The project has entered its 9 （two） phase（阶段）. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile 10 （dictionary） to help people learn dialects.
2.（2024永州一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My Daughter Taught Me a Lesson
When 1 earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down. After the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were 2 trouble.
One Sunday, while I 3 （read） a newspaper, a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were 4 （unlucky） than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan, “We have so much, but these poor people now have nothing. We’ll share what we have with 5 （they）.”
I filled a box with food and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the boys 6 （choose） their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched 7 （quiet）, as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few 8 （minute） later, she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. “Oh, dear,” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said, “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she 9 （make） another little girl happy, too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. It’s easy to give something that we don’t want anymore, 10 hard to give what we cherish（珍惜）, isn’t it
3.（2024郴州一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Asia is known for the “rice bowl” cultures. Especially in these countries like China, Japan, South Korea 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks consist of two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also 2 （make） of plastic, animal bones or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Gold and silver are used to make elegant chopsticks. Skilled workers also combine（结合） various hardwoods and metal（金属） 3 （create） special designs.
The Chinese 4 （use） chopsticks for about three thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs（树枝） to stir it. Over time, as the population 5 （grow）, people began cutting food into small pieces. As 6 result, it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten 7 （easy） with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.
According 8 some ancient stories, the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 BC to 479 BC, influenced the 9 （develop） of chopsticks. Confucius believed 10 （knife） would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
4.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every week, people go to the supermarket to buy vegetables like green beans and cucumbers that come from big farms. Some 1 （supermarket） also sell fruit and vegetables from small local（当地的） farms. But most people think food from the garden is fresher and tastes 2 （good） than food from a supermarket. Some lucky people have space to grow food in 3 （they） own gardens. 4 example, they grow carrots, onions, and cabbages. Many other people do not have space at home, but sometimes they enjoy 5 （work） together to grow food in a community garden.
What about cities There isn’t much space to have farms. One way to grow food in a city is on a roof（屋顶）! In this roof garden, a class of 6 （child） grew 453kg of vegetables in one year. They 7 （grow） cabbages, carrots, and even strawberries! They had to water the plants and weed（给……除去杂草） them, 8 they enjoyed the food they grew in their outside classroom.
It’s easier than you think to grow vegetables. First, you dig（挖）. Then you plant the seeds（种子）. But remember to water the plants! And you have to weed the garden sometimes. When the vegetables are ripe, they 9 （be） ready to pick.
Some fruits and vegetables travel 10 long way to get to your table. Thanks to transportation（运输）, you can enjoy watermelons or strawberries any time of the year.
5.[2024宁波一模]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
What can a nearly 80-year-old man do in your opinion In August 2023, Miguel, 1 79-year-old man started his dream to get a high school diploma（文凭）， which he had to give up as a secondary school student in New York.
When his parents separated in his teens, Miguel 2 （choose） to start working to support his family by his father. Later, he found a job and stayed there 3 about 20 years.
Miguel said he would depend on his wife for certain things, 4 he always knew that he could not go further without that high school diploma. So, when he moved to Arizona 5 his wife passed away, he found The Excel Center that is aimed at improving people's lives by giving any adult over the age of 18 the chance to finish any unfinished high school education for free.
“For these adults, the chance to get their high school diplomas affords them a 6 （good） life than they had before. In many ways, it is not only for 7 （they） but also for their children,” said Sue Sackman, the school director.
For Miguel, he paid more attention to more new 8 （way） to solve some maths problems. He planned to spend the next several months 9 （get） the education needed for his high school diploma. “The education will 10 （final） decide what my future will be, because I will have all this knowledge,” he said. “I've got my whole future in front of me.”
6.(2023济南山东大学附属中学一模)
In the small villages of Kenya(肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But 　1　 roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not 　2　 (use), so library books arrive on the packs of camels. Camels can handle(应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian
　3　 (walk) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 　4　 (kilo) of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the books to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels come back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of 　5　 (north) Thailand get books in a different way. Their “libraries” are carried 　6　 elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. 　7　 they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases. The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that fall in the area.
Indonesia has 　8　 (it) own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people travel by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded for new books a few weeks 　9　 (late).
For people who live far and can't get to a library, this kind of library can bring more than books. It 　10　 (bring) a whole world of information.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 语法填空2（名词、冠词、形容词副词，代词、介词、连词 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
无词形变化的词题，
一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词；
有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式，
一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的比较级、词类转化、疑问词、从句中引导词等几种情况。
一．提示词为名词
解题 攻略 所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
1．[2024湖南联考]According to the particular ways the Chinese use to process ________（leaf）, there are five kinds of tea: green tea, oolong, flower tea, black tea and compressed（紧压的） tea.
[答案]leaves
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：根据中国人加工叶子的特殊方式，有五种茶——绿茶、乌龙茶、花茶、红茶和紧压茶。此处表泛指，应用名词复数形式。故填leaves。
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]On May 4th, 1919, thousands of students from ________________（university） and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest（抗议） against the unfair Treaty of Versailles （《凡尔赛条约》）.
[答案]universities
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：1919年5月4日，来自北京的大学和学校的数千名学生走上街头，抗议不公正的《凡尔赛条约》。此处泛指北京的大学，与schools并列，应用名词复数形式。故填universities。
3．[2024岳阳二模]Huang encouraged ____________（village） to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them sell their products online.
[答案]villagers
[解析]考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：黄鼓励村民种植沙糖橘和许多其他植物，她帮助他们在网上销售产品。根据“she helped them sell their products online.”可知，此处指村民们。故填villagers。
4．[2024长沙模拟]According to ____________（scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure.
[答案]scientists
[解析]考查名词的数。此处表示据科学家所说，空处泛指科学家，应用名词复数。故填scientists。
6．[2024江苏扬州]Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）.
[答案]tourists
[解析]考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：扬州每年为游客们提供一场奇妙且特别的体验。此空位于形容词性物主代词之后，需用名词形式tourist；又因为游客不止一人，故用复数形式。故填tourists。
7．[2024云南]David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job.
[答案]worker
[解析]考查名词构词法。句意：戴维是一家汽车厂的工人。他喜欢他的工作。由“car factory”和“He loves his job.”可知，此处指戴维是一个工人。故填worker。
8．[2023永州]Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis.
[答案]players
[解析]考查名词的数。根据“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,应填players。
9．[2023郴州改编]My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
[答案]Children’s
[解析]考查名词的数和名词所有格。根据语境可知,此处表示儿童节。Children’s Day 儿童节,故填Children’s。
10．[2023永州]China plans to pay more attention to scientific ____________（educate） in its primary and middle schools.
[答案]education
[解析]考查名词构词法。此空位于形容词scientific后，应用名词。故填education。
二．提示词为形容词或副词
解题 攻略 当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。
1．[2024永州一模]I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were ____________（unlucky） than themselves.
[答案]unluckier
[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为这将是一个很好的机会，可以教我的孩子帮助那些比自己不幸的人。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，unlucky的比较级为unluckier，故填unluckier。
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]Our youth is also like taking study ____________（serious） over the deep night.
[答案]seriously
[解析]考查副词构词法。take sth. seriously 认真对待某事。故填seriously。
3．[2024长沙模拟]The mascot is ____________（careful） designed（设计）. It takes two months to finish designing the mascot.
[答案]carefully
[解析]考查副词构词法。句意：吉祥物被精心设计。此处应用副词修饰动词designed。故填carefully。
4．[2024常德模拟改编]He thought that he worked ________（hard） than Bobby.
[答案]harder
[解析]考查副词比较级。句意：他觉得他比博比工作更加努力。根据than Bobby可知，这里要用比较级，表示更努力，故填harder。
5．[2024长沙模拟]The use of robot caregivers may make the situation even ______（bad） than this.
[答案]worse
[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意:使用机器人看护可能会使情况变得比这更糟糕。根据even和than可知，这里要用比较级，表示更糟糕，故填worse。
6．[2023岳阳改编]Mind health is as ____________（important） as body health.
[答案]important
[解析]考查固定结构。句意:心理健康跟身体健康一样重要。此处为“as+形容词原级+as”结构。故填important。
7．[2023怀化改编]Xu Mengtao is one of the ______________（famous） players in China.
[答案]most famous
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意:徐梦桃是中国最著名的运动员之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”,故填most famous。
8．[2023常德]The car is old, but it still runs very ____（good）.
[答案]well
[解析]考查副词。设空处修饰动词runs，应用副词形式。故填well。
9．[2023郴州改编]It’s one of ________________（happy） things in the world to stay with our family members.
[答案]the happiest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意:和我们的家人在一起是世界上最幸福的事情之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”,最高级前用定冠词the。故填the happiest。
10．[2023永州]Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth ________（safe） on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
[答案]safely
[解析]考查副词构词法。句意:神舟十五号载人飞船上的三名中国航天员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球，完成了六个月的空间站任务。设空处应用副词修饰动词returned。故填safely。
11．[2023常德]The Yangtze River is one of ______________（long） rivers in the world.
[答案]the longest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。最高级前用定冠词the。故填the longest。
12．[2023株洲改编]ChatGPT is one of ______________（hot） AI models these days.
[答案]the hottest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意：ChatGPT是最近最热门的人工智能模型之一。此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，最高级前用定冠词the。故填the hottest。
13．[2022怀化改编]The air in Huaihua is ________（good） than before.
[答案]better
[解析]考查形容词比较级。根据than可知,此处应用good的比较级better。
14．[2022长沙]__________（recent）, the government has been working together with a university and some building companies（公司） to build houses that are fully 3D-printed.
[答案]Recently
[解析]考查副词的构词法。设空处在句中作时间状语，应用副词。recent的副词形式是recently，注意句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Recently。
15．[2022常德]—What will the future be like
—Cities will be__________________（beautiful）. And there will be more trees.
[答案]more beautiful
[解析]考查形容词比较级。 根据下文的“And there will be more trees.”并结合问句可知，此处暗含比较，应用比较级，故填more beautiful。
三．提示词为代词
解题 攻略 所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
1．[2024娄底二模]She created a course that educated divers about the beauty of sharks and the need to protect them and （they） environment.
[答案]their
[解析]考查物主代词。句意：她开设了一门课程，教潜水员了解鲨鱼的美丽以及保护鲨鱼及其环境的必要性。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰environment，故填their。
2．[2024长沙明德模拟] （it） name is made up of two parts, namely “baduan” and “jin”.
[答案]Its
[解析]考查物主代词。句意：它的名字由两部分组成，即“八段”和“锦”。根据name可知，指的是“它的”名字。故填Its。
3．[2024湘西州一模改编]If we feel pleased with our bodies, we will be more likely to take care of （they）.
[答案]them
[解析]考查人称代词。句意：如果我们对自己的身体感到满意，我们将更有可能照顾他们。介词后的代词作宾语，要用宾格，故填them。
4．[2024长沙模拟]We are proud to call ____________（we） the “descendants（传人） of the dragon”.
[答案]ourselves
[解析]考查反身代词。句意：我们自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。此处表示“我们自己”，故填ourselves。
5．[2024邵阳模拟]From the dining hall’s pizza to the coffee shops’ burgers, it was difficult for ____（she） to eat healthily every day.
[答案]her
[解析]考查人称代词。空处作介词的宾语，用代词宾格，故填her。
6．[2024张家界模拟]There are hardly any fish left, and the water ________（it） smells terrible.
[答案]itself
[解析]考查反身代词。句意：几乎没有鱼了，而且水本身闻起来很难闻。此处应填反身代词itself，表示“它自己”。故填itself。
7．[2024衡阳三模]In the first episode, for example, two actresses appeared and grew watermelons and cooked local food together by ____________（they）.
[答案]themselves
[解析]考查反身代词。by oneself“独自”，此空应填they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
8．[2023怀化改编]My mother’s birthday is coming. I will buy a gift for ____（she）.
[答案]her
[解析]考查人称代词。for是介词，后接人称代词宾格，故填her。
9．[2023岳阳改编]Believe in __________（you） and you can overcome your shyness.
[答案]yourself
[解析]考查反身代词。句意:相信你自己，你能克服你的害羞。believe in oneself
相信某人自己，结合句意可知答案为yourself。
10．[2024长沙改编]The twins are so alike that even their father finds hard to tell them from each other.
[答案]it
[解析]考查代词it。句意:这对双胞胎太像了,以至于甚至他们的父亲都觉得难以把他们区分开来。“find+it+adj.+to do sth.”表示“觉得做某事……”。其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式短语。故答案为it。
四．填介词
解题 攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
1．[2024长沙模拟]For example, the design of the dragon claw（爪子） in “Loong Chenchen” gets ideas ____ the pattern of the Nine-Dragon Wall of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
[答案]from
[解析]考查介词。根据句意可知，“龙辰辰”的龙爪的设计想法来自北京故宫博物院九龙壁的图案。from意为“来自”。故填from。
2．[2024衡阳一模]____ his 90s, Huang could still move his boat with speed.
[答案]In
[解析]考查介词。句意：在他90多岁的时候，黄仍然可以快速划船。“in one’s+整十数字的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，首字母需大写。故填In。
3．[2024怀化二模]I had some problems with my English. I failed English tests __ a row.
[答案]in
[解析]考查介词搭配。句意：我的英语有一些问题。我英语考试连续不及格。in a row连续地，不间断地。故填in。
4．[2024常德一模]Thank you ____ what you said, but I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave.
[答案]for
[解析]考查介词搭配。句意：谢谢你所说的话，但我希望你在离开之前能为我们公司再做一件事。thank you for...因……而谢谢你，故填for。
5．[2024邵阳模拟]__ first, it was not easy since she ate candy almost every day.
[答案]At
[解析]考查介词搭配。at first首先。设空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填At。
6．[2024湘潭一模]Students can learn from each other by taking part ____ a study group.
[答案]in
[解析]考查介词搭配。句意：学生们可以通过参加学习小组相互学习。固定搭配take part in表示“参加，加入”，故填in。
7．[2024湘西州一模]By contrast（相比之下）, feeling worried ______ our bodies could make us feel upset from time to time.
[答案]about
[解析]考查介词搭配。相比之下，担忧我们的身体会时不时地让我们感到不安。固定搭配feel worried about 表示“担忧”，故填about。
8．[2024郴州二模]I have to say that life in Canada is quite different ____ that in China.
[答案]from
[解析]考查介词搭配。be different from与……不同,故填from。
9．[2024河北改编]Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ____ ten minutes.
[答案]in
[解析]考查时间介词。句意：快点，南希!会议还有十分钟就开始了。在一般将来时中，“in+时间段”表示“在……以后”。故填in。
10．[2024四川成都改编]China Daily named “growth” ____ its “Word of the Year 2023”.
[答案]as
[解析]考查介词。句意：《中国日报》将“growth”确定为其“2023年度词”。分析语境，此处是指“作为”，as符合语境。
五．填冠词
解题 攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。
1．[2024长沙模拟]The dragon plays important role in Chinese culture.
[答案]an
[解析]考查不定冠词。句意：龙在中国文化中扮演着重要的角色。固定搭配play an important role意为“扮演重要的角色”。故填an。
2．[2024湖南联考]Born in 1924, he had unusual life.
[答案]an
[解析]考查不定冠词。句意：他出生于1924年，有着不同寻常的一生。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，unusual是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
3．[2024长沙模拟]Some fruits and vegetables travel long way to get to your table.
[答案]a
[解析]考查不定冠词。句意：有些水果和蔬菜要走很长的路才能到达你的餐桌。travel a long way走很长的路。故填a。
4．[2024衡阳模拟改编]There is no denying that more and more people live fast-paced lives these days. However, the TV show Back to Field（《向往的生活》）, started in 2017, shows us how to live slow life in the rural areas near different cities.
[答案]a
[解析]考查不定冠词。此处表示《向往的生活》这个节目向我们展示了如何在不同城市附近的乡村地区过一种慢生活。此处表泛指，用不定冠词，slow以辅音音素开头，故填a。
5．[2024山东菏泽改编]—What interesting book!
—Yes, book is really amazing.
[答案]an； the
[解析]考查冠词。句意：——多么有趣的一本书！——是的，这本书很令人惊喜。由book可知，填不定冠词，interesting发音以元音音素开头，故第一空填不定冠词an；第二空指代上文提到的事物，应用定冠词the。
6．[2023永州]At beginning, many people in Europe refused to eat tomatoes because they thought the fruit was dangerous.
[答案]the
[解析]考查定冠词。句意：起初，许多欧洲人拒绝吃西红柿，因为他们认为这种果实很危险。at the beginning起初，为固定搭配，故填the。
7．[2023常德]—What do you want to be when you grow up
—I want to be actor.
[答案]an
[解析]考查不定冠词。actor为可数名词，根据语境可知此处泛指一名演员，用不定冠词；actor以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
8．[2023邵阳改编]—Hi, Wang Li, who is Miss Deng
—Miss Deng is nice teacher and she is very popular in our school.
[答案]a
[解析]考查不定冠词。句意：——你好，王丽，邓女士是谁？——邓女士是个好老师，她在我们学校很受欢迎。此处表示泛指，nice以辅音音素开头，故填a。
9．[2023岳阳改编]Hangzhou will hold 19th Asian Games in 2023.
[答案]the
[解析]考查定冠词。此处表示第19届亚运会,应用定冠词the。
10．[2023怀化改编]The C919 is large plane made by China.
[答案]a
[解析]考查不定冠词。句意：C919是中国制造的大型飞机。此处表示泛指，large是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
六．连词
解题 攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。
解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。
1.Lucy tried to be brave,　 　results always made her disappointed.
2.　 　you don't learn English well, you will miss the chance to travel abroad.
3.　 　Mr.Miller takes a bus, he will be here on time.
4.You cannot see the clouds 　 　the sky is very clear.
5.It's easy to get there.You can 　 　ride a bike 　 　take a bus.
6.The book was so interesting that Jim had read it for three hours 　 　he got it.
7.Miss Chen has been teaching in this school 　 　she was 26 years old.
8.　 　Mr.Liu is over sixty years old, he still plans to learn a second language.
9.Three buses went by in the opposite direction 　 　 we were waiting at the bus stop.
10.“This is our first lesson,　 　I don't know all your names,” said Miss White.
1.but　2.If 　3.If 　4.because　5.either 　or　6.since　7.since 　8.Although/Though　9.while　10.so
1.（2024湖北武汉）
阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
The theme parks in the world are popular because they have their own character IPs（知识产权）, such as Mickey Mouse and Harry Potter. According to 1 research report, IP is the “heart” of a theme park. 2 （develop） China’s own IPs, some theme parks make good use of traditional Chinese culture, and others focus on films about Chinese 3 （story）.
It is 4 （encourage） that the Chinese cultural industry（产业） has been taking a big step in creative works. For example, some famous theme parks have opened in Shanghai and Beijing 5 （recent）. It’s happy to see that some Chinese culture has been welcomed in the parks.
Over the past few years, Chinese cultural IPs have often appeared 6 movies and TV dramas. For example, the Chinese film Chang’an San Wan Li became a success thanks to the Chinese ink paintings, ancient poems 7 high technology in it. Besides, Mulan, which 8 （produce） years ago, helped traditional Chinese culture to be learned by the world.
Traditional Chinese culture 9 （provide） special experiences for the entertainment industry. The key lies in new ideas. With the help of high technology, China can develop 10 （it） traditional cultural IPs and it will have world-class theme parks in the coming years.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国文化产业的发展。
[答案]1．a2．To develop3．stories4．encouraging5．recently6．in7．and8．was produced9．provides
10．its
[解析]
1．考查冠词。句意：一份研究报告显示，知识产权是主题公园的“心脏”。此处泛指一份研究报告，“research”以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．考查非谓语动词。此处表示为了开发中国自己的知识产权，一些主题公园很好地利用了中国传统文化。空处应用动词不定式表示目的，故填To develop。
3．考查名词。此处表示另一些主题公园专注于有关中国故事的电影。此处表示泛指，使用名词复数形式，故填stories。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：令人鼓舞的是，中国文化产业在创意作品方面迈出了一大步。句中“It”为形式主语，真正的主语是“the Chinese cultural industry has been taking a big step in creative works”，此处表示中国文化产业在创意作品方面迈出了一大步，这是鼓舞人心的。故填encouraging。
5．考查副词。句意：例如，最近在上海和北京开设了一些著名的主题公园。此处在句中作状语，用副词形式。故填recently。
6．考查介词。句意：在过去的几年里，中国文化知识产权经常出现在电影和电视剧中。根据“Chinese cultural IPs have often appeared...movies and TV dramas”可知，中国文化知识产权经常出现在电影和电视剧中，in“在……中”符合语境。故填in。
7．考查连词。句意：例如，中国电影《长安三万里》的成功要归功于其中的中国水墨画、古诗和高科技。“Chinese ink paintings” “ancient poems”和“high technology”是并列关系，此处用and连接。故填and。
8．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此外，多年前制作的《花木兰》帮助中国传统文化被世界所知。which所指代的“Mulan”与“produce”是被动关系，结合“years ago”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，“Mulan”是第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was produced。
9．考查动词的时态。句意：中国传统文化为娱乐业提供特殊的体验。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“Traditional Chinese culture”，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
10．考查代词。句意：在高科技的帮助下，中国可以开发其传统文化知识产权，并将在未来几年拥有世界级的主题公园。此处作定语修饰“traditional cultural IPs”，用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.（2024吉林长春）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Westwood National Park is a very huge national park. It is well known 1 its fascinating scenes and many kinds of animals, especially bears. It is one of my favorite 2 （place） to take photos.
I will never forget that afternoon. Birds flew over the 3 （peace） lake. The mountains 4 （cover） with white snow. With the camera held to my eye, I was recording the amazing picture. All of a sudden, I found two baby bears far away running after each other 5 （happy）. Sometimes they stopped to look around; sometimes one rubbed（蹭） against the other’s back. They had a lot of fun playing in 6 sun. At that moment, I completely lost myself in the sweet environment. How I wished that time could stand still! I really hoped 7 （catch） the warm scene with my camera and I did it. After a while, I 8 （hear） a loud roar（吼叫） from the mother bear. The two baby bears stood up quickly 9 ran back to the forest. I was so lucky that I could take such a picture.
The photo always reminds 10 （I） that the real beauty is “nature” in nature.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一个大型国家公园拍照的经历。
[答案]1．for2．places3．peaceful4．were covered5．happily6．the7．to catch8．heard9．and10．me
[解析]
1．考查固定搭配。固定短语be known for意为“因……而著名”。故填for。
2．考查名词复数。place为可数名词，由前面的one of可知，此处应该用名词复数形式。故填places。
3．考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词lake，应用形容词。故填peaceful。
4．考查动词的时态和被动语态。分析句子可知，句子的主语The mountains是动词cover的承受者，构成被动关系，应用被动语态；由前句的谓语动词flew可知，事情发生在过去，时态为一般过去时；一般过去时的被动语态构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语The mountains是复数，所以用were，故填were covered。be covered with意为“被……覆盖”。
5．考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词短语running after，应用副词。故填happily。
6．考查冠词。太阳是世界上独一无二的事物，前应加定冠词the。故填the。
7．考查动词不定式。hope to do sth.意思是“希望做某事”；此处指希望能用相机捕捉到那温馨的场景。故填 to catch。
8．考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，事情发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填heard。
9．考查并列连词。设空处前后两个动词短语stood up和ran back是递进关系。应用表示递进关系的并列连词and连接。故填and。
10．考查人称代词。所给提示词是人称代词，位于动词reminds之后作宾语，应用I的宾格形式me。故填me。
6.(2023江苏苏州)
请认真阅读下面短文,填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dancing with the Light
A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards 　1　 walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small 　2　(piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 　3　(see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip.
The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept 　4　(imagine) how many shadows(影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively　5　 I came back to explore it with my camera.
Working 　6　(free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 　7　(amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.
I 　8　(take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color 　9　 the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found 　10　(I) enjoying a moment of this dance.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了几年前“我”观赏苏州园林的经历。主题语境属于“人与自然”范畴中“自然生态”这一主题群,涉及子主题“不同地区的生态特征与自然景观”。
1.the　考查冠词。设空处后面特指苏州园林的墙壁,用定冠词,故填the。
2.pieces　考查名词的数。主语some parts是复数形式,此处也应填piece的复数形式,故填pieces。
3.seen　考查被动语态。光线和植物与“看”之间是被动关系,所以此处是被动语态,空前已有be动词,故填see的过去分词形式seen。
4.imagining　考查动词的非谓语形式。keep doing sth.一直做某事,此处应用imagine的-ing形式,故填imagining。
5.that　考查固定搭配。so...that...如此……以至于……,故填that。
6.freely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词Working,故填freely。
7.amazing　考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词walls,walls是物,故填amazing。
8.took　考查动词的时态。根据后一句的was可知本段是一般过去时,故填took。
9.of　考查介词。the color of ...……的颜色,表示所属关系,故填of。
10.myself　考查反身代词。此处主语和宾语指同一个人,空处表示“我自己”,故填myself。
1.（2024长沙三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you speak a dialect（方言） in daily life While many Chinese people speak Putonghua, some local dialects are in danger of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government 1 （start） the Chinese Language Resources（资源） Protection Project several years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. 2 （they） languages include 81 dialects that are almost gone. It has helped China to build the 3 （large） language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5 million audio clips（音频片段） and over 5 million videos.
A language professor told us his worries 4 the disappearance of dialects. “For over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand 5 hardly speak the dialect. At the same time, young people above 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps 6 （happen）, the dialect might disappear,” he said.
So how did China make this big library “A big national effort 7 （put） into the project to make it happen in the last few years,” said Cao Zhiyun, 8 expert on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups joined, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
The project has entered its 9 （two） phase（阶段）. This includes creating digital tools like apps and mobile 10 （dictionary） to help people learn dialects.
本文为一则新闻报道，主要介绍了中国政府启动的中国语言资源保护工程，为的是挽救方言。
[答案]1．started2．Their3．largest4．about/over5．but6．happening7．has been put8．an9．second
10．dictionaries
[解析]
1．考查一般过去时。根据句中的several years ago可知，时态为一般过去时，故填started。
2．考查代词。设空处修饰名词languages，需用形容词性物主代词their。注意句首单词首字母大写，故填Their。
3．考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the和句末的in the world可知需用最高级，故填largest。
4．考查介词。此处表示他对于方言消失的担忧。worries about/over sth.关于……的担忧。故填about/over。
5．考查连词。空前表示6至15岁的孩子们可以理解，空后表示几乎不能说方言，空前后为转折关系，故填but。
6．考查动词的-ing形式。keep doing sth.持续做某事，故填happening。
7．考查被动语态。根据句末的in the last few years可知，此处为现在完成时。effort与put为被动关系，且为单数形式,故填has been put。
8．考查不定冠词。此处泛指一个专家，填不定冠词；expert以元音音素开头，故填an。
9．考查序数词。此处指该工程已经进入它的第二阶段。故填second。
10．考查名词复数。and连接并列成分，由apps可知，填dictionaries。
2.（2024永州一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My Daughter Taught Me a Lesson
When 1 earthquake hit a small town, many houses fell down. After the earthquake, all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were 2 trouble.
One Sunday, while I 3 （read） a newspaper, a special picture touched me. It gave the clothing sizes of each family member. I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were 4 （unlucky） than themselves. I said to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and three-year-old Meghan, “We have so much, but these poor people now have nothing. We’ll share what we have with 5 （they）.”
I filled a box with food and clothes. While I was doing this, I encouraged the boys 6 （choose） their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched 7 （quiet）, as the boys took out their old toys and games and put them together. Then she walked away. A few 8 （minute） later, she came back with Lucy, her much-loved doll. She put the doll on top of the other toys. “Oh, dear,” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said, “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she 9 （make） another little girl happy, too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. It’s easy to give something that we don’t want anymore, 10 hard to give what we cherish（珍惜）, isn’t it
本文为记叙文。一场地震发生后，作者告诉孩子可以捐赠一些东西给有需要的人，但女儿想捐赠自己非常喜爱的玩偶。孩子的至纯至善给作者上了一课。
[答案]1．an2．in3．was reading4．unluckier5．them6．to choose7．quietly8．minutes9．will make
10．but
[解析]
1．考查不定冠词。此处指一场地震袭击了一个小镇，空处填不定冠词；earthquake以元音音素开头，所以填an。
2．考查固定搭配。此处指所有的报纸都报道了许多关于陷入困境的一些家庭的故事。 be in trouble“在困境中”，故填in。
3．考查时态。此处指当“我”正在读报纸时，一张特殊的照片触动了“我”。此处为过去进行时，从句主语为I，故填was reading。
4．考查形容词比较级。根据设空处后面的than可知，此处填比较级，故填unluckier。
5．考查代词。空处位于介词with后，应用宾格，故填them。
6．考查动词不定式。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to choose。
7．考查副词。副词修饰动词，quiet的副词形式为quietly。故填quietly。
8．考查名词复数。根据A few可知，此空填名词复数，故填minutes。
9．考查时态。此处指作者的女儿表示或许她的玩偶Lucy将来也会使另一个女孩快乐。时态用一般将来时，故填will make。
10．考查连词。根据空前的easy及空后的hard可知，句意发生转折，所以填表转折的连词but。
3.（2024郴州一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Asia is known for the “rice bowl” cultures. Especially in these countries like China, Japan, South Korea 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks consist of two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also 2 （make） of plastic, animal bones or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Gold and silver are used to make elegant chopsticks. Skilled workers also combine（结合） various hardwoods and metal（金属） 3 （create） special designs.
The Chinese 4 （use） chopsticks for about three thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs（树枝） to stir it. Over time, as the population 5 （grow）, people began cutting food into small pieces. As 6 result, it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten 7 （easy） with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.
According 8 some ancient stories, the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 BC to 479 BC, influenced the 9 （develop） of chopsticks. Confucius believed 10 （knife） would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的发展史。
[答案]1．and2．be made3．to create4．have used5．grew6．a7．easily8．to9．development10．knives
[解析]
1．考查连词。此处中国、日本、韩国与越南并列，故填and。
2．考查被动语态。此处They指代筷子，与make是被动关系；此处为含有情态动词的被动语态，be动词用原形，故填be made。
3．考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
4．考查时态。由句子中的for about three thousand years可知，此处用现在完成时，主语是The Chinese，助动词用have，故填have used。
5．考查时态。根据began可知，从句时态也应为一般过去时，故填grew。
6．考查冠词。as a result意为“因此”，故填a。
7．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰eaten，故填easily。
8．考查介词。according to意为“根据”，故填to。
9．考查名词。根据the...of可知，空格处应填名词，the development of chopsticks筷子的发展。故填development。
10．考查名词。此处泛指刀，用名词复数，故填knives。
4.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every week, people go to the supermarket to buy vegetables like green beans and cucumbers that come from big farms. Some 1 （supermarket） also sell fruit and vegetables from small local（当地的） farms. But most people think food from the garden is fresher and tastes 2 （good） than food from a supermarket. Some lucky people have space to grow food in 3 （they） own gardens. 4 example, they grow carrots, onions, and cabbages. Many other people do not have space at home, but sometimes they enjoy 5 （work） together to grow food in a community garden.
What about cities There isn’t much space to have farms. One way to grow food in a city is on a roof（屋顶）! In this roof garden, a class of 6 （child） grew 453kg of vegetables in one year. They 7 （grow） cabbages, carrots, and even strawberries! They had to water the plants and weed（给……除去杂草） them, 8 they enjoyed the food they grew in their outside classroom.
It’s easier than you think to grow vegetables. First, you dig（挖）. Then you plant the seeds（种子）. But remember to water the plants! And you have to weed the garden sometimes. When the vegetables are ripe, they 9 （be） ready to pick.
Some fruits and vegetables travel 10 long way to get to your table. Thanks to transportation（运输）, you can enjoy watermelons or strawberries any time of the year.
本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在花园种菜和在屋顶种菜的形式，并告诉大家种菜比你想的更简单。
[答案]1．supermarkets2．better3．their4．For5．working6．children7．grew8．but9．are10．a
[解析]
1．考查名词。some在这里修饰可数名词复数，故填supermarkets。
2．考查比较级。根据设空处后面的than可知，需用比较级，故填better。
3．考查代词。设空处修饰名词gardens，需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4．考查固定搭配。for example表示“例如”。位于句首，首字母大写，故填For。
5．考查动词的非谓语形式。enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，故填working。
6．考查名词。a class of...表示“一个班的……”，其后跟名词复数。故填children。
7．考查时态。此处在讲述一个班的孩子在屋顶花园种蔬菜和水果的事，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词grow需用过去式grew。故填grew。
8．考查连词。空前表示他们不得不给植物浇水并除草，空后表示他们享受自己种的食物，空前后为转折关系，故填but。
9．考查时态。根据When the vegetables are ripe及语境可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是they，故填are。
10．考查冠词。此处泛指很长的一段路，long是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用冠词a。故填a。
5.[2024宁波一模]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
What can a nearly 80-year-old man do in your opinion In August 2023, Miguel, 1 79-year-old man started his dream to get a high school diploma（文凭）， which he had to give up as a secondary school student in New York.
When his parents separated in his teens, Miguel 2 （choose） to start working to support his family by his father. Later, he found a job and stayed there 3 about 20 years.
Miguel said he would depend on his wife for certain things, 4 he always knew that he could not go further without that high school diploma. So, when he moved to Arizona 5 his wife passed away, he found The Excel Center that is aimed at improving people's lives by giving any adult over the age of 18 the chance to finish any unfinished high school education for free.
“For these adults, the chance to get their high school diplomas affords them a 6 （good） life than they had before. In many ways, it is not only for 7 （they） but also for their children,” said Sue Sackman, the school director.
For Miguel, he paid more attention to more new 8 （way） to solve some maths problems. He planned to spend the next several months 9 （get） the education needed for his high school diploma. “The education will 10 （final） decide what my future will be, because I will have all this knowledge,” he said. “I've got my whole future in front of me.”
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了米格尔在79岁时重拾在纽约读中学时不得不放弃的获得高中文凭的梦想。
[答案]1．a2．was chosen3．for4．but5．after6．better7．themselves8．ways9．getting10．finally
[解析]
2．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：当他父母在他十几岁的时候分居时，米格尔被他的父亲选中开始工作来养家糊口。choose“选择”，和主语之间是被动关系，结合separated可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was，故填was chosen。
3．考查介词。空后是时间段，应用介词for。故填for。
4．考查并列连词。句意：米格尔说，在某些事情上，他会依赖妻子，但他一直都知道，没有高中文凭，他走不了更远。空处前后是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
5．考查从属连词。句意：因此，当他在妻子去世后搬到亚利桑那州时，他发现了旨在改善人们生活的Excel中心，该中心为任何18岁以上的成年人提供免费完成未完成的高中教育的机会。根据“when he moved to Arizona...his wife passed away”可知，他在妻子去世后搬到亚利桑那州，应用after引导时间状语从句。故填after。
7．考查反身代词。句意：在很多方面，这不仅是为了他们自己，也是为了他们的孩子。根据but also for their children可知，此处指获得高中文凭不仅仅是为了他们自己，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
9．考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：他计划在接下来的几个月里接受获得高中文凭所需的教育。spend time （in） doing sth.“花时间做某事”，为固定短语，故填getting。
6.(2023济南山东大学附属中学一模)
In the small villages of Kenya(肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But 　1　 roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not 　2　 (use), so library books arrive on the packs of camels. Camels can handle(应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian
　3　 (walk) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 　4　 (kilo) of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the books to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels come back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of 　5　 (north) Thailand get books in a different way. Their “libraries” are carried 　6　 elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. 　7　 they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases. The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that fall in the area.
Indonesia has 　8　 (it) own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people travel by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded for new books a few weeks 　9　 (late).
For people who live far and can't get to a library, this kind of library can bring more than books. It 　10　 (bring) a whole world of information.
答案
语篇解读　在肯尼亚、非洲、泰国和印度尼西亚,有一些偏远地区因为交通不便,孩子们想要读书非常困难。为了解决这个问题,当地采取了独具地方特色的方式来帮助孩子们。
1.no　根据后面的“only miles and miles of sand”可知,这个地方没有路,no表示没有,故填no。
2.useful　根据后面一句“so library books arrive on the packs of camels”可知汽车和卡车都没有用,are not后面用形容词作表语,故填useful。
3.walk　本句主语是Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian,为复数,根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形,故填walk。
4.kilos　根据前面的数词180和提示可知此处表示180千克,kilo应该用复数形式,故填kilos。
5.northern　根据后面的名词Thailand可知这里应该用形容词修饰名词,故填northern。
6.by　设空处前面的are carried是被动语态,且空后的elephants是这个动作的执行者,故填by。
7.Because　该句逗号前后的“they are large”和“they can carry many books in metal cases”是前因后果的关系,且句首单词首字母大写,故填Because。
8.its　固定搭配“形容词性物主代词+own”表示“……自己的”,故填形容词性物主代词its。
9.later　a few weeks...作时间状语,根据提示词可知此处表示几个星期以后,固定搭配“一段时间+later”表示“一段时间之后”,故填later。
10.brings　根据全文时态可知用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填brings。
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