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专题10 语法填空3（派生词，综合归纳 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：
前 缀 例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前 disappear消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishonest 不诚实的；disorder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible不可能的；impolite粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前 incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前 mistake 错误；misuse 错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfortune不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面 unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好的；unhealthy不健康的
non- 加在形容词、名词前 non-existence不存在；non-essential非本质的，不重要的non-smoker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面 irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前 demobilize遣散，使…复员；decolor 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边 anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antisocial反社会的
counter- 加在名词、动词前 counterattack反攻，反击；counteract抵抗阻碍；counterrevolution反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边 illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illogical不合逻辑的
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
前 缀 例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词 alone单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
auto- 表示“自动” autochart自动图表；autobiography自传；Autonomous自治的
co- 表示“共同” cooperate合作；co-worker同事
down- 表示“往下” download下载；downstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……” enjoy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够
fore- 表示“前的” forehead额头；foresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间” internet互联网；international国际的
kilo- 表示“千” kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人” man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的” midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micro- 表示“微观的，小的” microfilm缩微胶卷；microphone话筒；micro-economy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又” reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小” subway地铁；subconscious下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的” superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）” telephone电话；telegraph；电报；telescope望远镜；television 电视
后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人” Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；European欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质，程度” attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质，程度” difference不同之处；importance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人” Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性” actress女演员；lioness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人” teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量 handful一把的；mouthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hood表示关系或抽象意义 motherhood母亲身份；childhood童年；girlhood少女时代；neighborhood邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人” musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程，结果” feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action行动；solution解决方案；conclusion结论；结局； expression表达；correction改正，修正；pronunciation发音；读法；invitation邀请；decision决定；discussion讨论
-ist表示“专业人员” pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；violinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质；状态” agreement 协议；movement 运动；development发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态” happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大
-or表示“从事某事的人” actor 演员；sailor 海员；visitor访问者，参观者；inventor发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念 friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relationship关系
-th warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；youth青年；death死亡；growth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况 difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果” failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词 后变动词“使得，变得” widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；loosen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化” beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为” realize意识到；organize组织
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-able表示“有能力的” reasonable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjoyable 令人愉快的
-al natural自然的；national 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的” American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的
-ed moved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的” woolen羊毛的；羊毛制的；golden金的；wooden木制的；frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的” eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的” Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；powerful强大的；colorful多彩的
-ing moving 感动的；encouraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的
-(ic)al electric/electrical 电的；historic有历史性的；economical经济的；political政治的；scientific科学的
-ish childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；womanish像女人的；bookish书呆子气的
-ive active积极的，collective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定” careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hopeless希望渺茫的；countless不可数的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的” girllike像女孩一样的；boylike像男孩一样的；motherlike像母亲一样的
-ly friendly友好的；yearly每年的；monthly每月的，weekly每周的；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的
-ous famous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious可口的
-some handsome英俊的，大方的；gladsome愉快的；tiresome疲惫的；lonesome孤独的
-(t)y thirsty口渴的；noisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气” snowy雪的；rainy下雨的；cloudy多云的；dusty多尘的
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The movie was very interesting. All of us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
后 缀 例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度 angrily生气地；slowly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向 towards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；homeward向家去地
-wise otherwise否则；likewise同样地；clockwise顺时针方向地；
1．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday.
2．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）They were too tired and soon fell (sleep).
3．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in solving problems.
4．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）I have to turn down his (invite) because I have a coming exam.
5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）His (kind) is beyond my imagination.
6．（2024·云南西双版纳·一模）GPS can show where you are at any time. A lot of drivers use it. (exact)
7．（2024·云南·三模）The at the meeting shared a story from his experiences. (speak)
8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Alice smiled and nodded to show her (agree).
9．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The man is very rich. He has much (wealthy).
10．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Seeing so many mistakes in the examination paper, the teacher was . (disappoint)
11．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）The high-speed train can passengers to different places in a short time. (transportation)
12．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The most important thing is to reach an (agree) and to avoid a trade war.
13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls on the Earth, it will be turned into (hot) and energy.
14．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）To improve the in the countryside, the country sends many teachers there every year. (educate)
15．（2023·山东青岛·二模）It was so nice a hotel that the sun shone (direct) into the room.
16．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）Many people like to watch the horse race because it’s (fair) exciting.
17．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）I think playing too many games on your mobile phone is (harm) to your eyesight.
18．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）When will these kids learn to behave （proper）
19．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise.
20．（2022·江苏盐城·三模）People who are warm-hearted set good examples to us because they pass on their to people around them. (kind)
21．（2022·山东临沂·二模）The chair in the room was made about one hundred years ago. (wood)
22．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）When she was playing the piano, the noise put her off. (sudden)
分析近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
易考词性出现背景
1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后
B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。
2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之
后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。
B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及
其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)
3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语
B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
4.副词 （1）副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
（2）副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事
6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配
7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系
8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分
9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。
考法一　给提示词
考生需要根据上下文和句子结构,确定设空处所填词的词性、形式。
考点1　考查动词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
例1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video
calling over the Internet. It　　 (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
例2 Last week, he　　 (come)to visit us in Canada.
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式
例1 Su Yu-shan, the manager of the store, says the environment can help
people learn to do “soul(灵魂)reading” by　　 (provide) a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
例2 Then I taught him how to use the Internet and how　　 (play) chess online.
考点2　考查名词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
例 Now he is quite good at playing chess online and has made a lot of 　　 (friend) on the Internet at the same time.
考点3　考查形容词
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
例 My grandfather is much 　　 (happy) than before.
考点4　考查代词
1.考查物主代词。
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
解析 题干中lifestyle前使用形容词性物主代词their,注意句首单词首字母大写。
例 The San people have another name—“bush people”.　　 (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do.
2.考查人称代词
例 But he was very disappointed when he found nobody here could play chess with　　 (he).
考查反身代词
例 Now,she enjoys　　 (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and you can tell from the expression on her face.
考点5　词性转换
1.动词转换为形容词
例 After changing into the dress and getting my makeup done, I felt 　　 (relax).
2.名词转换为形容词
例 With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a 　　 (comfort) new home after only four months.
3.形容词转换为副词
例 The bookstore is almost　　 (complete) dark, except for the shelves of books.
4.动词转换为名词
例 Su Yu-shan, the　　 (manage) of the store, says the environment can help people learn to do “soul(灵魂) reading” by providing a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
考法二　无提示词
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。
考点1　考查冠词
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
例1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with　　 idea.
例2 I took him to　　 computer in my room and said, “Right here.”
考点2　考查连词
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,or,so。
若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。
例 　　 it might not be for everyone, Wuguan Books creates a very different kind of environment from most bookstores.
考点3　考查介词
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
例 “Grandpa, someone is waiting　　 you to play chess,” I went to him and said.
考点4　考查副词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put off(推迟),turn on(打开),take off(起飞)等。
例 I climbed　　 of my tent and looked out at the mountain.
考点5　考查it的用法
例　　 is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life.
1.[2024福建]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 （give） it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 （build） their ancient capitals.
Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 （go） around the city and is an important cultural site（遗址）. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 （large） bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm（警钟） to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time.
While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 （know） as a center for software（软件） research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 （city）.
Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 （it） and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past.
2.[2024江苏苏州]请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When cultures meet, not just their language or clothing may be different. Often their food will be 1 （great） different too. People on both sides can discover new chances for trading. This text 2 （tell） how some common food plants spread around the world.
As early as 5,000 BC, 3 （potato） were traded in South America as a valuable type of food. They were 4 （take） to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun to ship tea from China to Europe. Tea drinking soon 5 （become） fashionable there but because 6 its high price, it remained a drink for the wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used to produce 7 kind of sweet juice over 8,000 years ago on the island of New Guinea. Its use soon spread across South East Asia and then to the 8 （wide） world.
Cocoa was used to make a cold, spicy drink in Central America over 3,000 years ago. The Europeans brought it back with 9 （they） in the 1520s and added sugar to make the sweet, hot drink we know today. 10 it’s expensive, many people still love it.
3.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 1 （one） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 2 （story）. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）.
In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 5 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy（同情）. “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans. “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 6 them, I could never have finished this book.”
So far, the elderly woman 7 （publish） six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 10 （start） after 60 ” she says jokingly.
4.(2023潍坊)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy 　1　(work) together during this period, I'm sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have killed you!”
“I can't believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn't do that. It's 　2　(possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It's the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector(警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle 　3　(tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you 　4　(sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project 　5　(build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals(罪犯),” the inspector said.
“Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some 　6　(danger) business. They must pay for their 　7　(act).”
Roberto held the telephone 　8　(quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani 　9　(put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or angry about them. He was too 　10　(disappoint) to feel anything.
Some months passed. Roberto began to think about the future.
5.(2023滨州)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film star, a famous writer or a sportsman. My idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man 　1　(go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was 　2　(serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped 　3　(work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their 　4　(wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about 　5　(other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad 　6　(help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicycle so that I would not fall. I 　7　(feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by 　8　(I).
My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is 　9　(important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time 　10　(stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
6.(2023威海)
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。
I went to a restaurant for lunch with my granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I got out my phone and began to take some photos of them. My granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Food is for eating!” he said, “And why 　1　 you 　1　(take) photos of it ” Then I was surprised. Didn't he know why
All my friends always take photos of food in restaurants when they go out to eat, and the photos 　2　(share) on social media(社交媒体). When we're deciding which restaurant to go to, we look at photos people post on social media. Before I go to a restaurant, I also look at photos on social media 　3　(see) the food on the menu. So, when I 　4　(arrive) at the restaurant, I know what I want to eat.
Yesterday, my granddad 　5　(choose) mushroom(蘑菇) soup for his starter because he likes soup, and I ordered fruit salad because it looked delicious in a photo I saw on my phone. Both dishes were very good.
“Granddad! We 　6　(finish) our starters. Now! Look at the menu for the main course(主菜).” He couldn't 　7　(decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Would you like to see some photos of them ” I asked. He laughed again. “OK!” he said. I got out my phone again, found the photos and gave him the phone. He decided on the beef because it came with rice and carrots.
After the meal, I asked Granddad, “　8　 you 　8　(use) photos on social media to choose your food next time you eat out ” “Maybe,” he said, “if I'm with one of my grandchildren!”
1.(2024深圳二模)The lion dance is one of the most popular traditional arts in China. Known 1 the king of animals, the lion is a symbol of power in Chinese culture. People perform the lion dance 2 （drive） away evil（邪恶） and bring good luck.
The lion dance 3 （operate） by two dancers in a lion costume. The lion's head is 4 （main） made of bamboo or wood. The lion's body is made of colored cloth. Dancers often wear pants and shoes that are 5 same color as the lion's body.
The lion dance is usually seen during 6 （culture） celebrations and traditional festivals. Over the years, it has developed into two main types, Northern Lion Dance and Southern Lion Dance. 7 both forms share some similarities, they show differences in many ways. For example, the Northern Lion Dance is more playful. It tries to show the lion's character and 8 （behave）. The Southern Lion Dance is more expressive. Many people are impressed by 9 （it） energetic movements such as standing on wooden stakes （木桩） to climb high and shaking the hair.
So far, the lion dance 10 （spread） throughout the world with Chinese immigrants（移民）. Now it is enjoyed by people of all ages.
2.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential（有影响力的） articles about the lives of Chinese people.
Born in a 1 （wealth） family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. 2 （unlucky）, his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. From that time on, his family lived a poor life and were hardly accepted by their relatives. These early 3 （experience） deeply influenced his writing.
When he studied at university in 1898, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902, he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles 4 several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, though none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because 5 （he） family was in need of money.
After working for several years as 6 teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Madman, 7 was the first novel to use vernacular Chinese（白话文）. It came out to be a great success. And his other novels, such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji, 8 （read） by Chinese young people in that period.
Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and gave up 9 （write） stories in order to focus on articles which could call on people to fight for a better country.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence 10 （grow） with time. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are valued by millions of people around the world.
3.[2024长沙模拟]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people nowadays wear sneakers（跑鞋）, sandals（凉鞋） or boots. But in ancient China, many people made 1 （they） own cloth shoes.
Tangchang, 2 town in Sichuan province with over 700 years of shoemaking history, is known 3 its cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes are easy to walk in, and they don’t get wet 4 （easy）.
Tangchang cloth shoes 5 （be） popular in China from the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In 2018, Tangchang cloth shoes were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） list. Cloth shoes always look nice, 6 making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang, 66, is a master of making cloth shoes and has been making them for over forty 7 （year）. The job is much 8 （difficult） than before because sneakers became more popular with customers. Many Tangchang cloth shoe factories shut down. The last one, where Lai worked, shut down in 1998.
9 （make） a living and help the cultural heritage survive, Lai and her co-workers continued to make cloth shoes and sold them in her store. Then, Sichuan embroidery（蜀绣） 10 （add） to the shoes by Lai’s son, Ai Peng. Tangchang cloth shoes may appear simple, but behind them lies the passion of Lai’s family.
4.[2024岳阳二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A video series（系列片） named Escape from the British Museum was released（发布） last year. It has caused a heated 1 （discuss） in China’s social media recently. Directed by a Chinese vlogger, the three-episode series tells a story of how a Chinese cultural relic（文物） escapes from the British Museum and finds 2 （it） way back to China.
In the video series, the female vlogger 3 （play） the role of an ancient Chinese jade teapot（玉茶壶）, while her male（男性的） partner is a journalist 4 helps the teapot return to China. The 5 （video） were inspired by a netizen who suggested 6 （make） a video in memory of the ordeal（磨难） of Chinese cultural relics returning home from the UK. They said the story was based on historical facts and aimed to draw attention 7 the Chinese cultural relics held abroad. After watching the videos, the netizens 8 （humorous） remarked（评论） that the treasures in the museum must be feeling “homesick”. What 9 educational and creative story!
It 10 （believe） that more great micro-dramas like Escape From the British Museum are worth looking forward to and they will become better and better.
5.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting handbook—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）.
He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 （start） to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 （good） artists of all time.
7 （he） paintings are generally about small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frogs. “Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole（杆子）. Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight.
All the works 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 （real） a master of art and the pride of Hunan.
6.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ye Shengtao was a famous Chinese writer. He created the first collection of fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrow（《稻草人》） for Chinese children between 1921 and 1922.
Ye was born in 1894 in Jiangsu. He once worked 1 a teacher in a primary school. He often told his students stories from Chinese and foreign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） to those stories.
In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） to write fairy tales for a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Boat in winter of 4 same year. In the following seven months, Ye wrote 22 5 （many） fairy tales than before. And they made up The Scarecrow we see today.
There are two kinds of stories in the collection. The 6 （one） kind is about children’s innocent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Boat. People’s hard life like The Scarecrow 7 （describe） in the second kind of his stories. In the story, the scarecrow often sees poor people’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable to stop them from happening or give people a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children to care about what happened around 9 （they）. And he hoped children could understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the collection.
Good works can always stand the test of time. Nowadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still popular with children.
7.（2024长沙二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, crows（乌鸦） cause serious damage（破坏） to fruit and vegetable farms and look for food in the rubbish. Sometimes smaller birds and even humans 1 （attack） by crows.
Because crows are very intelligent and have 2 excellent memory, they are very difficult to deal with. Even the most lifelike scarecrows（稻草人） may not scare 3 （they） away. However, one company says what people need is just a surprisingly simple product—the Crow Buster. It can prevent crows 4 moving close.
Hearing the name, you’d expect it to be some kind of secret tool. But in fact, it is just a yellow piece of plastic 5 can be hung in many places, like fruit farms, house roofs or anywhere you can think of. And it can work for up to several 6 （month） after being hung up.
7 its name sounds powerful, the Crow Buster actually deals with crows in a gentle way. The company doesn’t 8 （clear） explain how the Crow Buster works. But it has to do with the way light is reflected, which makes crows 9 （comfortable） and drives them away.
This special tool 10 （be） on the market for 9 years. Based on the videos people have shared online and the customer reviews on the company’s website, it does work wonders for crows.
8.(2024深圳二模)
Showing Respect for Seniors
Dads have Father's Day. Moms have Mother's Day. Kids have Children's Day. But, do our grandparents have a special holiday Yes, they do!
The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is 1 the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar （阴历）. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show 2 （they） wishes for a long life for elderly people.
There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, 3 （family） get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine （菊花酒） and wear a plant 4 （call） zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemums 5 zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure （治愈） diseases.
Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters 6 room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the 7 （old） to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands 8 （use）. On a crowded subway train or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people.
It is a 9 （tradition） virtue （美德） in China to respect elderly people. That's because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So Chinese people are proud of 10 （be） old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow.
9.(2023济南一模)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand washing with soap can reduce(减少) illnesses.
One of the easiest 　1　(way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven't 　2　(develop) the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash 　3　(they) hands often enough or long enough. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't doing it.
Issar and his friend decided 　4　(solve) the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing 　5　 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Soapen is 　6　 pen which is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the children's hands 　7　 they don't spend enough time washing them off. It 　8　(help) a teacher in the classroom a lot. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each child wash his hands 　9　(proper).
“Children wash hands much 　10　(long) than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing”, said Issar.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题10 语法填空3（派生词，综合归纳 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：
前 缀 例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前 disappear消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishonest 不诚实的；disorder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishonorable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible不可能的；impolite粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前 incorrect不正确的；informal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前 mistake 错误；misuse 错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfortune不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面 unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknown未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好的；unhealthy不健康的
non- 加在形容词、名词前 non-existence不存在；non-essential非本质的，不重要的non-smoker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面 irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前 demobilize遣散，使…复员；decolor 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边 anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antisocial反社会的
counter- 加在名词、动词前 counterattack反攻，反击；counteract抵抗阻碍；counterrevolution反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边 illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illogical不合逻辑的
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
前 缀 例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词 alone单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
auto- 表示“自动” autochart自动图表；autobiography自传；Autonomous自治的
co- 表示“共同” cooperate合作；co-worker同事
down- 表示“往下” download下载；downstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……” enjoy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够
fore- 表示“前的” forehead额头；foresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间” internet互联网；international国际的
kilo- 表示“千” kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人” man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的” midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micro- 表示“微观的，小的” microfilm缩微胶卷；microphone话筒；micro-economy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又” reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小” subway地铁；subconscious下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的” superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）” telephone电话；telegraph；电报；telescope望远镜；television 电视
后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人” Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；European欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质，程度” attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质，程度” difference不同之处；importance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人” Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性” actress女演员；lioness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人” teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量 handful一把的；mouthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hood表示关系或抽象意义 motherhood母亲身份；childhood童年；girlhood少女时代；neighborhood邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人” musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程，结果” feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action行动；solution解决方案；conclusion结论；结局； expression表达；correction改正，修正；pronunciation发音；读法；invitation邀请；decision决定；discussion讨论
-ist表示“专业人员” pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；violinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质；状态” agreement 协议；movement 运动；development发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态” happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大
-or表示“从事某事的人” actor 演员；sailor 海员；visitor访问者，参观者；inventor发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念 friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relationship关系
-th warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；youth青年；death死亡；growth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况 difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果” failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词 后变动词“使得，变得” widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；loosen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化” beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为” realize意识到；organize组织
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
后 缀 例 词
-able表示“有能力的” reasonable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjoyable 令人愉快的
-al natural自然的；national 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的” American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的
-ed moved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的” woolen羊毛的；羊毛制的；golden金的；wooden木制的；frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的” eastern东方的；southern南方的；northern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的” Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；powerful强大的；colorful多彩的
-ing moving 感动的；encouraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的
-(ic)al electric/electrical 电的；historic有历史性的；economical经济的；political政治的；scientific科学的
-ish childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；womanish像女人的；bookish书呆子气的
-ive active积极的，collective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定” careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hopeless希望渺茫的；countless不可数的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的” girllike像女孩一样的；boylike像男孩一样的；motherlike像母亲一样的
-ly friendly友好的；yearly每年的；monthly每月的，weekly每周的；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的
-ous famous著名的；continuous连续不断的；delicious可口的
-some handsome英俊的，大方的；gladsome愉快的；tiresome疲惫的；lonesome孤独的
-(t)y thirsty口渴的；noisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气” snowy雪的；rainy下雨的；cloudy多云的；dusty多尘的
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The movie was very interesting. All of us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
后 缀 例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度 angrily生气地；slowly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向 towards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；homeward向家去地
-wise otherwise否则；likewise同样地；clockwise顺时针方向地；
1．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday.
【答案】invitation
【详解】句意：蒂姆拒绝了杰克的邀请，因为他们昨天吵架了。根据“Jacky’s”可知，Jacky’s是名词所有格形式，意为“……的”，其后应接名词，因此空处应填提示单词invite的名词形式invitation“邀请”。故填invitation。
2．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）They were too tired and soon fell (sleep).
【答案】asleep
【详解】句意：他们太累了，很快就睡着了。短语fall asleep表示“睡着”，符合语境。故填asleep。
3．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）As long as Tom works hard, he can (success) in solving problems.
【答案】succeed
【详解】句意：只要汤姆努力工作，他就能成功地解决问题。can是情态动词，后跟动词原形succeed“成功”，故填succeed。
4．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）I have to turn down his (invite) because I have a coming exam.
【答案】invitation
【详解】句意：我不得不拒绝他的邀请，因为我即将参加一场考试。根据“I have to turn down his...because I have a coming exam.”可知，句子缺少宾语，应使用invite的名词形式invitation“邀请”，此处特指他的邀请，所以用名词单数形式。故填invitation。
5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）His (kind) is beyond my imagination.
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意：他的仁慈超出了我的想象。根据“His”可知，此处应用kind的名词kindness“仁慈”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
6．（2024·云南西双版纳·一模）GPS can show where you are at any time. A lot of drivers use it. (exact)
【答案】exactly
【详解】句意：GPS可以准确地显示你在任何时间的位置。很多司机都用它。此处修饰动词show，应用副词形式exactly“准确地”。故填exactly。
7．（2024·云南·三模）The at the meeting shared a story from his experiences. (speak)
【答案】speaker
【详解】句意：会上的演讲者分享了一个他亲身经历的故事。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填一个名词作主语，根据提示词可知，此处用speaker表示“演讲者”，结合空前的定冠词“The”可知，此处应用单数名词。故填speaker。
8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Alice smiled and nodded to show her (agree).
【答案】agreement
【详解】句意：爱丽丝微笑着点头示意她同意。根据分析句子结构可知，her后需填名词，agree为动词，其名词为agreement“同意”，此处为不可数名词。故填agreement。
9．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The man is very rich. He has much (wealthy).
【答案】wealth
【详解】句意：这个人很有钱，他有很多财富。根据空前“much”可知，此处应用形容词wealthy“富有的”的名词形式wealth“财富”，不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填wealth。
10．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Seeing so many mistakes in the examination paper, the teacher was . (disappoint)
【答案】disappointed
【详解】句意：看到试卷上有这么多错误，老师很失望。根据“the teacher was…”可知，老师很失望，此处应用形容词作表语，故填disappointed。
11．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）The high-speed train can passengers to different places in a short time. (transportation)
【答案】transport
【详解】句意：高速列车可以在短时间内将乘客运送到不同的地方。transportation“运输”，名词，此处缺少谓语，应用动词形式transport，且can后跟动词原形。故填transport。
12．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The most important thing is to reach an (agree) and to avoid a trade war.
【答案】agreement
【详解】句意：最重要的是达成协议，避免贸易战。根据an可知，此空应填名词，reach an agreement“达成协议”，故填agreement。
13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls on the Earth, it will be turned into (hot) and energy.
【答案】heat
【详解】句意：当阳光落在地球上时，它会变成热量和能量。根据energy可知，此空与其是并列关系，所以此空应填名词heat“热量”，故填heat。
14．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）To improve the in the countryside, the country sends many teachers there every year. (educate)
【答案】education
【详解】句意：为了改善农村的教育，国家每年都向那里派遣许多教师。分析“To improve the...in the countryside,”可知，此空缺名词，educate“教育”的名词形式为education，名词作宾语，故填education。
15．（2023·山东青岛·二模）It was so nice a hotel that the sun shone (direct) into the room.
【答案】directly
【详解】
句意：这是一个非常不错的旅馆，阳光直接照在房间里。根据“the sun shone…into the room”可知此处应填副词修饰动词shone，所给词direct“直接的”，形容词，其副词为directly“直接地”，故填directly。
16．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）Many people like to watch the horse race because it’s (fair) exciting.
【答案】fairly
【详解】句意：许多人喜欢看赛马，因为它相当刺激。根据“it’s…exciting.”可知空格处缺少副词，应用fair的副词形式fairly。故填fairly。
17．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）I think playing too many games on your mobile phone is (harm) to your eyesight.
【答案】harmful
【详解】句意：我认为在手机上玩太多游戏对你的视力有害。根据“is…to your eyesight.”可知空格处应用形容词作宾语，harm“有害”，其形容词形式为harmful“有害的”，be harmful to“对……有害”，故填harmful。
18．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）When will these kids learn to behave （proper）
【答案】properly
【详解】句意：这些孩子什么时候才能学会举止得体呢？根据“When will these kids learn to behave...”可知，空处填副词。proper形容词，“适当的”，properly副词，“得体地”，故填properly。
19．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise.
【答案】wealthy
【详解】句意：早睡早起使人健康、富有和明智。根据“...makes a man healthy...and wise.”可知空处应填形容词。wealth名词，“财富”，wealthy形容词，“富有的”。故填wealthy。
20．（2022·江苏盐城·三模）People who are warm-hearted set good examples to us because they pass on their to people around them. (kind)
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意：热心的人给我们树立了良好的榜样，因为他们把自己的善良传递给了身边的人。形容词their后加名词kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
21．（2022·山东临沂·二模）The chair in the room was made about one hundred years ago. (wood)
【答案】wooden
【详解】句意：房间里的木椅是大约一百年前制造的。wood“木头”，名词，修饰名词chair，用其对应的形容词wooden，故填wooden。
22．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）When she was playing the piano, the noise put her off. (sudden)
【答案】sudden
【详解】句意：当她弹钢琴的时候，突然的吵闹声让她分心。名词“noise”前用形容词修饰，表达“突然的”用形容词“sudden”作定语。故填sudden。
分析近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
高频考点 谓语动词 1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词 1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词 1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类 0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
高频考点 介词 0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词 0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词 0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
并列连词 0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他 0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。
易考词性出现背景
1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后
B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。
2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之
后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。
B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及
其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)
3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语
B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
4.副词 （1）副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
（2）副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事
6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配
7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系
8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分
9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。
考法一　给提示词
考生需要根据上下文和句子结构,确定设空处所填词的词性、形式。
考点1　考查动词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
例1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video
calling over the Internet. It　　 (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.
答案　is invented/was invented
解析 第二句中的主语It指代的是前文提到的video calling,与动词invent是被动关系。
例2 Last week, he　　 (come)to visit us in Canada.
答案　came
解析 根据Last week可判断时态为一般过去时,主语he与come之间是主动关系,因此使用come的过去式came。
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式
例1 Su Yu-shan, the manager of the store, says the environment can help
people learn to do “soul(灵魂)reading” by　　 (provide) a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
答案　providing
解析 设空处前为介词by,介词后接动名词形式。
例2 Then I taught him how to use the Internet and how　　 (play) chess online.
答案　to play
解析 how 与how to use是并列结构,作谓语动词taught的宾语。
考点2　考查名词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
例 Now he is quite good at playing chess online and has made a lot of 　　 (friend) on the Internet at the same time.
答案　friends
解析 提示词friend是可数名词,且设空处前出现a lot of,因此使用其复数形式。
考点3　考查形容词
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
例 My grandfather is much 　　 (happy) than before.
答案　happier
解析 提示词为形容词,设空处前出现关键词much,且空后出现than,因此要使用形容词的比较级形式。
考点4　考查代词
1.考查物主代词。
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
解析 题干中lifestyle前使用形容词性物主代词their,注意句首单词首字母大写。
例 The San people have another name—“bush people”.　　 (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do.
答案　Their
2.考查人称代词
例 But he was very disappointed when he found nobody here could play chess with　　 (he).
答案　him
解析 提示词为代词,设空处作with的宾语,因此使用人称代词he的宾格。
考查反身代词
例 Now,she enjoys　　 (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and you can tell from the expression on her face.
答案　herself
解析 enjoy oneself 过得开心,为固定短语,oneself和主语she保持一致,故填herself。
考点5　词性转换
1.动词转换为形容词
例 After changing into the dress and getting my makeup done, I felt 　　 (relax).
答案　relaxed
解析 本句的主语是I,felt后接形容词作表语,因此填形容词relaxed。
2.名词转换为形容词
例 With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a 　　 (comfort) new home after only four months.
答案　comfortable
解析 提示词是名词,设空处修饰其后的名词home,因此要将其转化为形容词形式
3.形容词转换为副词
例 The bookstore is almost　　 (complete) dark, except for the shelves of books.
答案　completely
解析 本句考查副词作状语,修饰形容词dark,表示书店“几乎完全是黑的”,所以填completely。
4.动词转换为名词
例 Su Yu-shan, the　　 (manage) of the store, says the environment can help people learn to do “soul(灵魂) reading” by providing a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.
答案　manager
解析 设空处补充说明Su Yu-shan是书店的经理,且设空处前出现冠词the,冠词the修饰名词,故填manager。
考法二　无提示词
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。
考点1　考查冠词
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
例1 The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with　　 idea.
解析 设空后为单数可数名词idea, 在本句中表示泛指,前面用不定冠词,idea 以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an。
答案　an
例2 I took him to　　 computer in my room and said, “Right here.”
答案　the
解析 题干中的in my room修饰限定computer,因此设空处表特指,答案为定冠词。
考点2　考查连词
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,or,so。
若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。
例 　　 it might not be for everyone, Wuguan Books creates a very different kind of environment from most bookstores.
答案　Although/Though/While
解析 由语境可知,逗号前后为让步关系,设空处表示“尽管、即使”。故可填Although/Though/While。注意句首单词首字母大写。
考点3　考查介词
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
例 “Grandpa, someone is waiting　　 you to play chess,” I went to him and said.
答案　for
解析　wait for是固定搭配,意为“等候”。
考点4　考查副词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put off(推迟),turn on(打开),take off(起飞)等。
例 I climbed　　 of my tent and looked out at the mountain.
答案　out
解析 climb out of从……爬出来。
考点5　考查it的用法
例　　 is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life.
解析 It在句子中是形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。“It is+形容词+to do...”是常见表达。
答案　It
1.[2024福建]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi province. It lies in 1 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang, who started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 （give） it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 3 （build） their ancient capitals.
Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 4 （go） around the city and is an important cultural site（遗址）. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Tower—the 5 （large） bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm（警钟） to warn of danger, 6 it was very often used to tell people the time.
While Xi’an is a city 7 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best 8 （know） as a center for software（软件） research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 9 （city）.
Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 （it） and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past.
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国陕西省省会西安这座城市。
[答案]1．the2．gave3．building4．goes5．largest6．but7．with8．known9．cities10．itself
[解析]
1．考查冠词。in the north of是固定结构，表示“在……的北方”。 故填the。
2．考查动词的时态。句子描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。 故填gave。
3．考查动词的非谓语形式。介词in后面应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。 故填building。
4．考查动词的时态。此处描述城墙的特点，应用一般现在时，主语是It，动词应用第三人称单数形式。 故填goes。
5．考查形容词的比较等级。根据句意及空前的the可知，此处需使用large的最高级。 故填largest。
6．考查连词。根据句意，设空处前后构成转折关系，应使用连词but。 故填but。
7．考查介词。with a long history表示“有着悠久的历史”。 故填with。
8．考查动词的非谓语形式。固定搭配be known as表示“作为……而知名”。 故填known。
9．考查名词复数。many other修饰的名词应用复数形式。 故填cities。
10．考查代词。此处表示西安是一座一直在重塑自己的城市，应使用反身代词itself。 故填itself。
2.[2024江苏苏州]请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When cultures meet, not just their language or clothing may be different. Often their food will be 1 （great） different too. People on both sides can discover new chances for trading. This text 2 （tell） how some common food plants spread around the world.
As early as 5,000 BC, 3 （potato） were traded in South America as a valuable type of food. They were 4 （take） to Europe in the 1500s and their use soon spread across it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun to ship tea from China to Europe. Tea drinking soon 5 （become） fashionable there but because 6 its high price, it remained a drink for the wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used to produce 7 kind of sweet juice over 8,000 years ago on the island of New Guinea. Its use soon spread across South East Asia and then to the 8 （wide） world.
Cocoa was used to make a cold, spicy drink in Central America over 3,000 years ago. The Europeans brought it back with 9 （they） in the 1520s and added sugar to make the sweet, hot drink we know today. 10 it’s expensive, many people still love it.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些常见的食用植物，如马铃薯、茶叶、甘蔗、可可粉是如何传播到世界各地的。
[答案]1．greatly2．tells3．potatoes4．taken5．became6．of7．a8．wider9．them10．Though
[解析]
1．考查副词。因空后的different是形容词，要用副词修饰，故此处填greatly。
2．考查时态。此处指本文告诉了读者什么内容，应该用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填tells。
3．考查名词。potato是可数名词，空后是were，此处应该用复数，故填potatoes。
4．考查被动语态。主语They指的是马铃薯，马铃薯应该是被带到欧洲去，故填taken。
5．考查时态。前一句讲17世纪，茶叶已经开始从中国运到欧洲，所以此处喝茶很快变得流行是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填became。
6．考查介词。此处指由于茶叶的高价格。因为空后是名词短语，所以此处应用because of表示“由于”，故填of。
7．考查冠词。甘蔗首先用来生产一种甜果汁，此处表示泛指，故填a。
8．考查形容词比较级。此处指很快传播到东南亚，然后传播到更广阔的世界。故填wider。
9．考查代词。空前的with是介词，此处应使用代词宾格，故填them。
10．考查连词。这句话表示虽然它昂贵，但是许多人仍然喜欢它。句首单词首字母大写。故填Though。
3.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Shumei, born in 1937, spent most of her time working in a factory. In 1996, she learned her 1 （one） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started to write down some of her own 2 （story）. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 or 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）.
In 2013, her book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published and proved to be 5 success. The book earned Jiang a lot of fans and sympathy（同情）. “Don’t feel sorry for me,” she says to her fans. “The hardships mentioned in the book are now in the past. 6 them, I could never have finished this book.”
So far, the elderly woman 7 （publish） six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never too late. I enjoy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me 10 （start） after 60 ” she says jokingly.
这是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国作家姜淑梅的写作历程、成就及感悟。
[答案]1．first2．stories3．usually4．satisfied5．a6．Without7．has published8．myself9．and10．to start
[解析]
1．考查数词。根据语境可知此处表示“第一个”。故填first。
2．考查名词的数。story是可数名词，由空前的some of her own可知，此处应用复数形式。故填stories。
3．考查副词。设空处修饰started，应用副词。故填usually。
4．考查形容词。设空处作表语，应用提示词的形容词形式。此处表示她对所修改的内容感到满意，故填satisfied。
5．考查冠词。根据句意和空后的success可知，此处需要用不定冠词泛指“一个成功的事物”。success的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
6．考查介词。根据语境推断句意为“没有它们（苦难），我就不能完成这本书。”此处需要用介词without表示“没有”。句首单词首字母大写，故填Without。
7．考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语the elderly woman为第三人称单数，故填has published。
8．考查反身代词。该空是enjoy的宾语，其主语和提示词都是I，因此这里应表示“我自己”。enjoy oneself也是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”。故填myself。
9．考查连词。设空处前后的exercising every day和eating a balanced diet为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
10．考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处所在的从句应用了结构“it is+ adj. +for sb. +to do sth.”，空处应用动词不定式。故填to start。
4.(2023潍坊)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy 　1　(work) together during this period, I'm sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have killed you!”
“I can't believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn't do that. It's 　2　(possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It's the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector(警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle 　3　(tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you 　4　(sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project 　5　(build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals(罪犯),” the inspector said.
“Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some 　6　(danger) business. They must pay for their 　7　(act).”
Roberto held the telephone 　8　(quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani 　9　(put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or angry about them. He was too 　10　(disappoint) to feel anything.
Some months passed. Roberto began to think about the future.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。Roberto的叔叔觊觎他农场的土地,伙同Pagani烧毁了他的农场。虽然最后坏人被绳之以法,但面对亲人的背叛,Roberto备受打击。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群,涉及子主题“公共秩序与法律法规”。
1.working　考查动词的非谓语形式。根据空前were busy可知这里是be busy doing结构,表示“忙于做某事”,故填working。
2.impossible　考查形容词。根据上文“My own uncle wouldn't do that.”可知Roberto不相信自己的叔叔会做这样的事情,故空处表示“不可能的”,im-是否定前缀,故填impossible。
3.has told　考查时态。根据上文So far和下文“He burned your farm down”可知,叔叔“已经”交代了犯罪事实,因此用现在完成时,故填has told。
4.sell　考查动词。make sb. do sth.“迫使某人做某事”,故填sell。
5.to build　考查动词不定式。build shops and houses是空前made a project的目的,此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to build。
6.dangerous　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词business, 应使用形容词,故填dangerous。
7.actions　考查名词。此处指为他们的“行为”付出代价,action表示“行为”时为可数名词,根据句意可知这里应为复数,故填actions。
8.quietly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词held,应用副词,故填quietly。
9.were put　考查被动语态。主语Mario and Pagani与put之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,时态应用一般过去时,主语为两个人,故填were put。
10.disappointed　考查形容词。设空处作表语,表达一种心情(失望的),应使用形容词形式,故填disappointed。
5.(2023滨州)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film star, a famous writer or a sportsman. My idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man 　1　(go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was 　2　(serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped 　3　(work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their 　4　(wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about 　5　(other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad 　6　(help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicycle so that I would not fall. I 　7　(feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by 　8　(I).
My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is 　9　(important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time 　10　(stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者视爸爸为偶像的原因及爸爸教会作者的道理。
1.should go　根据语境可知这里说的是大多数人认为男人应该出去工作,故填should go。
2.seriously　空处修饰形容词ill,表示病得很严重,应该用副词形式,故填seriously。
3.working　固定搭配stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,此处表示爸爸停止工作,故填working。
4.wives　主语men为复数,他们的妻子也应该用复数形式,故填wives。
5.others　由语境可知,这里表示爸爸总是先考虑他自己以外的其他人,故填others。
6.has helped　根据时间状语Since then可知,这里应该使用现在完成时,故填has helped。
7.felt　这里讲述作者学习骑车的事,故事发生在过去,用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填felt。
8.myself　固定搭配by oneself意为“独自”,此处指很快作者就能独自骑车了。故填myself。
9.more important　根据空后的than可知,此处应该使用比较级,故填more important。
10.to stay　固定搭配make time to do sth.意为“抽出时间做某事”,故填to stay。
6.(2023威海)
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。
I went to a restaurant for lunch with my granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I got out my phone and began to take some photos of them. My granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Food is for eating!” he said, “And why 　1　 you 　1　(take) photos of it ” Then I was surprised. Didn't he know why
All my friends always take photos of food in restaurants when they go out to eat, and the photos 　2　(share) on social media(社交媒体). When we're deciding which restaurant to go to, we look at photos people post on social media. Before I go to a restaurant, I also look at photos on social media 　3　(see) the food on the menu. So, when I 　4　(arrive) at the restaurant, I know what I want to eat.
Yesterday, my granddad 　5　(choose) mushroom(蘑菇) soup for his starter because he likes soup, and I ordered fruit salad because it looked delicious in a photo I saw on my phone. Both dishes were very good.
“Granddad! We 　6　(finish) our starters. Now! Look at the menu for the main course(主菜).” He couldn't 　7　(decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Would you like to see some photos of them ” I asked. He laughed again. “OK!” he said. I got out my phone again, found the photos and gave him the phone. He decided on the beef because it came with rice and carrots.
After the meal, I asked Granddad, “　8　 you 　8　(use) photos on social media to choose your food next time you eat out ” “Maybe,” he said, “if I'm with one of my grandchildren!”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和爷爷一起去吃饭,菜一上桌作者就拍照并将其分享到社交媒体上,同时也会通过社交媒体上的照片选择食物,这让爷爷很惊讶。 一顿饭后,爷爷也接受了这种方式。
1.are;taking/did;take　菜上桌后作者开始拍照。由下文的“Didn't he know why ”可知,这里表示爷爷问作者为什么拍照,可以用现在进行时表示正在发生的动作,也可以用一般过去时表示刚刚发生的动作。故填 are;taking/did;take。
2.are shared/will be shared　照片是被分享到社交媒体,应该用被动语态。这里可以用一般现在时表示照片一般会被分享,也可以用一般将来时表示照片将会被分享,故填are shared/will be shared。
3.to see　前面提到的 look at photos on social media是为了看菜单上面的食物,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
4.arrive　主句“I know what I want to eat”为一般现在时,when引导的时间状语从句也用一般现在时,I为第一人称,谓语动词用原形,故填arrive。
5.chose　根据时间状语Yesterday可知,应该用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填chose。
6.have finished　根据第三段最后一句“Both dishes were very good.”和后文“Look at the menu for the main course.”可知,开胃菜已经吃完了,应该用现在完成时,故填have finished。
7.decide　情态动词后面用动词原形,故填decide。
8.Will;use　根据时间状语next time you eat out可知,应该用一般将来时,由问号可知,用一般疑问句。故填Will;use。
1.(2024深圳二模)The lion dance is one of the most popular traditional arts in China. Known 1 the king of animals, the lion is a symbol of power in Chinese culture. People perform the lion dance 2 （drive） away evil（邪恶） and bring good luck.
The lion dance 3 （operate） by two dancers in a lion costume. The lion's head is 4 （main） made of bamboo or wood. The lion's body is made of colored cloth. Dancers often wear pants and shoes that are 5 same color as the lion's body.
The lion dance is usually seen during 6 （culture） celebrations and traditional festivals. Over the years, it has developed into two main types, Northern Lion Dance and Southern Lion Dance. 7 both forms share some similarities, they show differences in many ways. For example, the Northern Lion Dance is more playful. It tries to show the lion's character and 8 （behave）. The Southern Lion Dance is more expressive. Many people are impressed by 9 （it） energetic movements such as standing on wooden stakes （木桩） to climb high and shaking the hair.
So far, the lion dance 10 （spread） throughout the world with Chinese immigrants（移民）. Now it is enjoyed by people of all ages.
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了舞狮的相关情况，包括发展起源以及南北方舞狮的差异。
[答案]1．as 2．to drive 3．is operated 4．mainly 5．the 6．cultural
7．Although/Though 8．behaviour/behavior 9．its 10．has spread
[解析]
1．本题考查介词。句意：狮子被称为万兽之王，在中国文化中是权力的象征。be known as“被称为，作为……而出名”，固定短语，故填as。
2．本题考查非谓语动词。句意：人们表演舞狮来驱邪并带来好运。drive away “赶走”，空处用动词不定式表目的，故填to drive。
3．本题考查被动语态。句意：舞狮是由两个穿着狮子服装的舞者操纵的。分析句子可知，主语The lion dance与谓语动词operate之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填is operated。
4．本题考查副词。句意：狮子的头主要由竹子或木头制成。空处用副词修饰谓语is made；mainly “主要地”，故填mainly。
5．本题考查冠词。句意：舞蹈演员经常穿和上衣颜色一样的裤子和鞋。根据“same color as the lion's body”可知，此处表达 “和狮身一样的颜色”，the same...as...“和……相同的……”，故填the。
6．本题考查形容词。句意：舞狮通常出现在文化庆典和传统节日期间。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰celebrations，culture的形容词为cultural，故填cultural。
7．本题考查连词。句意：虽然这两种形式有一些相似之处，但它们在许多方面表现出不同。根据“both forms share some similarities”与 “they show differences in many ways”可知，此处用Although/Though引导让步状语从句，故填Although/Though。
8．本题考查名词。句意：它试图展示狮子的特征和行为。根据“the lion's character”可知，此处应用behave的名词形式，表达狮子的性格和行为，故填behaviour/behavior。
9．本题考查物主代词。句意：许多人被它那充满活力的动作所打动，比如站在木桩上向上攀爬和摇动毛发。空处应用it的形容词性物主代词形式，修饰名词短语energetic movements，故填its。
10．本题考查时态。句意：到目前为止，舞狮运动已经随着中国移民传播到世界各地。根据“So far”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语the lion dance为第三人称单数，故填has spread。
2.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential（有影响力的） articles about the lives of Chinese people.
Born in a 1 （wealth） family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. 2 （unlucky）, his father became seriously ill and died in 1896. From that time on, his family lived a poor life and were hardly accepted by their relatives. These early 3 （experience） deeply influenced his writing.
When he studied at university in 1898, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902, he went to study in Japan. There, he began writing articles 4 several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, though none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because 5 （he） family was in need of money.
After working for several years as 6 teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he created his famous short story Diary of a Madman, 7 was the first novel to use vernacular Chinese（白话文）. It came out to be a great success. And his other novels, such as The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji, 8 （read） by Chinese young people in that period.
Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and gave up 9 （write） stories in order to focus on articles which could call on people to fight for a better country.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence 10 （grow） with time. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are valued by millions of people around the world.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名作家鲁迅。
[答案]1．wealthy2．Unluckily3．experiences4．for5．his6．a7．which8．were read9．writing10．has grown
[解析]
1．考查形容词。修饰名词family用形容词, wealthy“富有的”，故填wealthy。
2．考查副词。根据his father became seriously ill and died in 1896可知，此处应表示不幸；空处作状语修饰句子，应用副词，unluckily“不幸地”，注意首字母大写。故填Unluckily。
3．考查名词复数。experience意为“（一次）经历”时为可数名词，根据These可知，此处填名词复数，故填experiences。
4．考查介词。此处指他开始为几家中国的学生杂志写文章，for“为，给”。故填for。
5．考查代词。根据空后的family可知，设空处应填形容词性物主代词。故填his。
6．考查冠词。这里泛指一名老师，且teacher是辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
7．考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Diary of a Madman，指代物，在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．考查被动语态。novels与read是被动关系，用被动语态。且由in that period可知，时态是一般过去时。主语为复数，故填were read。
9．考查动词的-ing形式。give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”。故填writing。
10．考查时态。根据Since his death in 1936可知，该句是现在完成时；主语Lu Xun’s influence是单数，故填has grown。
3.[2024长沙模拟]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most people nowadays wear sneakers（跑鞋）, sandals（凉鞋） or boots. But in ancient China, many people made 1 （they） own cloth shoes.
Tangchang, 2 town in Sichuan province with over 700 years of shoemaking history, is known 3 its cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes are easy to walk in, and they don’t get wet 4 （easy）.
Tangchang cloth shoes 5 （be） popular in China from the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty. In 2018, Tangchang cloth shoes were added to Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） list. Cloth shoes always look nice, 6 making cloth shoes is not easy. Growing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang, 66, is a master of making cloth shoes and has been making them for over forty 7 （year）. The job is much 8 （difficult） than before because sneakers became more popular with customers. Many Tangchang cloth shoe factories shut down. The last one, where Lai worked, shut down in 1998.
9 （make） a living and help the cultural heritage survive, Lai and her co-workers continued to make cloth shoes and sold them in her store. Then, Sichuan embroidery（蜀绣） 10 （add） to the shoes by Lai’s son, Ai Peng. Tangchang cloth shoes may appear simple, but behind them lies the passion of Lai’s family.
本文是一篇记叙文。在四川唐昌——一个有着700年制鞋历史的镇上，布鞋制作大师赖淑芳和她的同事们传承非物质文化遗产，继续制作着布鞋。
[答案]1．their2．a3．for4．easily5．were6．but7．years8．more difficult9．To make10．was added
[解析]
1．考查代词。根据空后的own cloth shoes可知，设空处应填形容词性物主代词。故填their。
2．考查冠词。这里泛指一个四川省的镇，且town是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3．考查介词。be known for 因……而出名，固定搭配。故填for。
4．考查副词。修饰动词get 需用副词。故填easily。
5．考查时态。根据from the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty可知，此句用一般过去时；主语Tangchang cloth shoes为复数，故填were。
6．考查连词。设空处前的Cloth shoes always look nice和设空处后的making cloth shoes is not easy为转折关系，故填but。
7．考查名词复数。根据forty可知，此处需用复数形式，故填years。
8．考查形容词比较级。根据设空处前的much和后面的than可知，此处需用形容词比较级，故填more difficult。
9．考查动词不定式。此处表示为了维持生计和帮助文化遗产的生存，赖淑芳和她的同事们继续制作布鞋并在她的店里出售。此处需用动词不定式表目的。空处位于句首，句首单词首字母需大写，故填To make。
10．考查被动语态。主语Sichuan embroidery与动词add之间存在被动关系，需用被动语态。结合上文可知，此句需用一般过去时；主语为单数，故填was added。
4.[2024岳阳二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A video series（系列片） named Escape from the British Museum was released（发布） last year. It has caused a heated 1 （discuss） in China’s social media recently. Directed by a Chinese vlogger, the three-episode series tells a story of how a Chinese cultural relic（文物） escapes from the British Museum and finds 2 （it） way back to China.
In the video series, the female vlogger 3 （play） the role of an ancient Chinese jade teapot（玉茶壶）, while her male（男性的） partner is a journalist 4 helps the teapot return to China. The 5 （video） were inspired by a netizen who suggested 6 （make） a video in memory of the ordeal（磨难） of Chinese cultural relics returning home from the UK. They said the story was based on historical facts and aimed to draw attention 7 the Chinese cultural relics held abroad. After watching the videos, the netizens 8 （humorous） remarked（评论） that the treasures in the museum must be feeling “homesick”. What 9 educational and creative story!
It 10 （believe） that more great micro-dramas like Escape From the British Museum are worth looking forward to and they will become better and better.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了网络剧《逃出大英博物馆》的故事情节、创作背景及其影响。
[答案]1．discussion2．its3．plays4．who/that5．videos6．making7．to8．humorously9．an10．is believed
[解析]1．考查名词。空前有a，此处应用可数名词单数，discussion“讨论”。故填discussion。
2．考查代词。空后是名词，此处用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
3．考查时态。结合语境和while her male partner is可知，此处用一般现在时。主语是名词单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。
4．考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代a journalist，故填who/that。
5．考查名词。根据空后的were可知此处用名词复数。故填videos。
6．suggest doing sth. 建议做某事，故填making。
7．考查介词。draw attention to“引起对……的关注”，为固定搭配。故填to。
8．考查副词。空处修饰动词remarked，用副词。humorously“幽默地”。故填humorously。
9．考查冠词。 此处是感叹句“What a/an +形容词+名词!”结构。因为educational以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．考查固定结构。 it is believed that...“人们相信……”。故填is believed。
5.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qi Baishi is a world-famous art master in China. He was born in 1 poor family from Xiangtan, Hunan Province. He was at school for less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he found a Chinese painting handbook—Jieziyuan Huapu. The book inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）.
He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master of art through his hard work. In 1902, he 5 （start） to travel around China. He visited famous places, met many people and saw different kinds of art pieces. These experiences helped him become one of the 6 （good） artists of all time.
7 （he） paintings are generally about small things of the world, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frogs. “Mouse and Cat with Lamp” is one of them. In the picture, a mouse is standing on the top of a long pole（杆子）. Under the pole is a cat. They are so lively 8 it looks like they would jump out of the paper to fight.
All the works 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his love for nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whole world a lot. He is 10 （real） a master of art and the pride of Hunan.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。
[答案]1．a2．of3．pictures4．to learn5．started6．best7．His8．that9．were created10．really
[解析]
1．考查冠词。此处指“一个贫穷的家庭”，是第一次提到，且poor以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．考查固定搭配。because of “因为”。故填of。
3．考查名词复数。此处表示泛指，空前无冠词或物主代词，用名词复数。故填pictures。
4．考查动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to learn。
5．考查时态。根据In 1902可知，句子用一般过去时。故填started。
6．考查形容词最高级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。故填best。
7．考查代词。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填His。
8．考查状语从句的引导词。根据“so lively...it looks like...”可知，此处为“so...that”表示“如此……以至于”。故填that。
9．考查被动语态。主语All the works和谓语动词create之间是被动关系，结合语境和后面定语从句中的expressed可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were created。
10．空处作状语，表示“真正地”，用副词really。故填really。
6.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ye Shengtao was a famous Chinese writer. He created the first collection of fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrow（《稻草人》） for Chinese children between 1921 and 1922.
Ye was born in 1894 in Jiangsu. He once worked 1 a teacher in a primary school. He often told his students stories from Chinese and foreign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） to those stories.
In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） to write fairy tales for a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Boat in winter of 4 same year. In the following seven months, Ye wrote 22 5 （many） fairy tales than before. And they made up The Scarecrow we see today.
There are two kinds of stories in the collection. The 6 （one） kind is about children’s innocent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Boat. People’s hard life like The Scarecrow 7 （describe） in the second kind of his stories. In the story, the scarecrow often sees poor people’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable to stop them from happening or give people a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children to care about what happened around 9 （they）. And he hoped children could understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the collection.
Good works can always stand the test of time. Nowadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still popular with children.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了叶圣陶和他创作的童话集《稻草人》的背景、内容和影响。
[答案]1．as2．to listen3．began4．the5．more6．first7．is described8．but9．them10．sadness
[解析]
1．考查介词。由语境可知，此处指他曾经在一所小学当老师。 work as从事……工作，故填as。
2．考查动词不定式。be happy to do sth.很高兴去做某事。故填to listen。
3．考查时态。根据In 1921可知，此处需用一般过去时，故填began。
4．考查定冠词。此处特指同一年，故填the。
5．考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than before可知，此处需用比较级。many的比较级为more。故填more。
6．考查序数词。由语境和空前的The可知，此处表示第一种故事。故填first。
7．考查被动语态。People’s hard life与describe之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。此处介绍一般事实，用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故填is described。
8．考查连词。空前提到稻草人经常看到穷人生活中的困难，空后提到它无法阻止这些事情的发生，也无法帮助人们。空前后为转折关系，故填but。
9．考查代词。空处位于介词around 后，故用代词宾格，故填them。
10．考查名词。空处位于名词所有格adults’后，需用sad的名词形式sadness，这里表示“悲伤”，为不可数名词,故填sadness。
7.（2024长沙二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, crows（乌鸦） cause serious damage（破坏） to fruit and vegetable farms and look for food in the rubbish. Sometimes smaller birds and even humans 1 （attack） by crows.
Because crows are very intelligent and have 2 excellent memory, they are very difficult to deal with. Even the most lifelike scarecrows（稻草人） may not scare 3 （they） away. However, one company says what people need is just a surprisingly simple product—the Crow Buster. It can prevent crows 4 moving close.
Hearing the name, you’d expect it to be some kind of secret tool. But in fact, it is just a yellow piece of plastic 5 can be hung in many places, like fruit farms, house roofs or anywhere you can think of. And it can work for up to several 6 （month） after being hung up.
7 its name sounds powerful, the Crow Buster actually deals with crows in a gentle way. The company doesn’t 8 （clear） explain how the Crow Buster works. But it has to do with the way light is reflected, which makes crows 9 （comfortable） and drives them away.
This special tool 10 （be） on the market for 9 years. Based on the videos people have shared online and the customer reviews on the company’s website, it does work wonders for crows.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种能够驱赶乌鸦的工具。
[答案]1．are attacked2．an3．them4．from5．which/that6．months7．Although/Though8．clearly
9．uncomfortable10．has been
[解析]
1．考查被动语态。根据by crows可知，此处指被乌鸦攻击，用被动语态。再结合上下文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are attacked。
2．考查冠词。此处表泛指，设空处填不定冠词，excellent以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．考查代词。设空处前是动词scare，空处作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。
4．考查介词。prevent...from doing...阻止……做……，故填from。
5．考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰plastic；空处在从句中作主语，先行词指物，故填which/that。
6．考查名词。several后面的可数名词用复数形式，故填months。
7．考查状语从句。“its name sounds powerful”和“the Crow Buster actually deals with crows in a gentle way”为让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，注意首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
8．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词explain。故填clearly。
9．考查形容词。根据drives them away可知，此处指让乌鸦感觉不舒服，故填uncomfortable。
10．考查时态。根据for 9 years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语tool是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been。
8.(2024深圳二模)
Showing Respect for Seniors
Dads have Father's Day. Moms have Mother's Day. Kids have Children's Day. But, do our grandparents have a special holiday Yes, they do!
The Double Ninth Festival is a special day for elderly people in China. The festival is 1 the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar （阴历）. As the Chinese word for nine has the same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show 2 （they） wishes for a long life for elderly people.
There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, 3 （family） get together and climb mountains for luck and in the hope that elderly people will live much longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine （菊花酒） and wear a plant 4 （call） zhuyu to celebrate it. Both chrysanthemums 5 zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean houses and cure （治愈） diseases.
Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day but also in daily life. For example, when an older person enters 6 room, everyone stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces them from the 7 （old） to the youngest. When a younger person is presenting something to an older person, two hands 8 （use）. On a crowded subway train or bus, younger people always offer their seats to elderly people.
It is a 9 （tradition） virtue （美德） in China to respect elderly people. That's because the Chinese know that elderly people have knowledge and experience that young people can learn from. So Chinese people are proud of 10 （be） old. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节，并强调了中国人尊重老年人的传统美德。
[答案]1．on 2．their 3．families 4．called 5．and6．a 7．oldest 8．are used
9．traditional 10．being
[解析]
1．本题考查介词。句意：这个节日是在农历九月初九。根据“the ninth day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar”可知，此处是指具体的一天，应用介词on，故填on。
2．本题考查代词。句意：因为汉语中的“九”和“久”同音，所以人们用重阳节来表达他们对老年人长寿的愿望。根据“show...wishes”可知，此处是指表达他们的愿望；应用人称代词they的形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词wishes，故填their。
3．本题考查名词。句意：在那一天，家人聚在一起爬山以求好运，并希望老年人能活得更久。根据空后“get together”可知，此处应用名词family“家庭”的复数形式families作主语，故填families。
4．本题考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还喝菊花酒，佩戴一种叫茱萸的植物来庆祝。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为drink和wear，因此这里应用非谓语动词；“a plant”与动词call是动宾关系，因此这里应用过去分词called作后置定语修饰a plant，故填called。
5．本题考查连词。句意：菊花和茱萸都被认为是清洁的植物，可以清洁房屋和治疗疾病。根据“Both chrysanthemums...zhuyu”可知，此处考查both...and...“……与……都”，固定搭配，故填and。
6．本题考查冠词。句意：例如，当一位老人进入房间时，每个人都站起来。根据“enters...room”可知，此处是指进入一个房间，应用不定冠词表泛指，且room是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
7．本题考查形容词最高级。句意：当餐桌上有几位客人时，主人通常会把他们从最年长的介绍到年龄最小的。结合“from the...to the youngest”和语境可知，此处是指从最年长的到年龄最小的；应用形容词old的最高级oldest，故填oldest。
8．本题考查被动语态。句意：当年轻人向老年人递交东西时，要用两只手。分析句子结构可知，主语“two hands”与动词use“使用”是被动关系，应用被动语态，且时态为一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态；主语为第三人称复数，be动词用are；use的过去分词为used，故填are used。
9．本题考查形容词。句意：尊敬老人是中国的传统美德。根据“a...virtue”可知，此处是指一个传统美德，应用名词tradition的形容词形式traditional“传统的”作定语，修饰名词virtue，故填traditional。
10．本题考查动名词。句意：所以中国人以年老为荣。根据空前介词of可知，此处应用be的动名词形式being作介词的宾语，故填being。
9.(2023济南一模)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand washing with soap can reduce(减少) illnesses.
One of the easiest 　1　(way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven't 　2　(develop) the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash 　3　(they) hands often enough or long enough. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't doing it.
Issar and his friend decided 　4　(solve) the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing 　5　 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Soapen is 　6　 pen which is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the children's hands 　7　 they don't spend enough time washing them off. It 　8　(help) a teacher in the classroom a lot. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each child wash his hands 　9　(proper).
“Children wash hands much 　10　(long) than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing”, said Issar.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道用肥皂洗手可以减少疾病的发生,但是许多孩子没有养成正确的洗手习惯。Issar和他的朋友为了解决这个问题创造了一种肥皂笔,有效地帮助孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯。
1.ways　考查名词的数。短语one of 后面接可数名词复数,故填ways。
2.developed　考查现在完成时的构成。该空与前面的haven't构成现在完成时,用develop的过去分词形式,故填developed。
3.their　考查形容词性物主代词。此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词hands,故填their。
4.to solve　考查动词不定式。固定搭配decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填to solve。
5.into　考查介词。固定搭配turn...into...意为“将……变成……”,故填into。
6.a　考查冠词。此处泛指一种用肥皂制成的笔,应该用不定冠词,pen以辅音音素开头,故填a。
7.if　考查状语从句的引导词。空后“他们没有花足够的时间把它们洗掉”是空前“这些颜色将会留在孩子们的手上”的条件,由此可知,设空处表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,故填if。
8.helps　考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据后一句可知,本句为一般现在时,主语It为第三人称单数,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填helps。
9.properly　考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词短语wash his hands,所以要用副词形式,故填properly。
10.longer　考查形容词的比较等级。根据后面的than可知,此处应该使用比较级。前面的much也用于修饰比较级,故填longer。
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