资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台中考英语语法复习学案(数词和量词)一、核心考点深度解析(一)数词的多维用法1. 基数词的特殊表达 年龄表达: 直接表达:She is eighteen(18岁). 复合形容词:a ten-year-old boy(一个10岁男孩),注意中间用连字符,名词用单数。 数学运算: 加法:5 + 3 = 8 → Five plus three is eight. 减法:9 - 4 = 5 → Nine minus four is five. 乘法:6 × 2 = 12 → Six times two is twelve. 除法:8 ÷ 2 = 4 → Eight divided by two is four. 编号表达: 名词+基数词(首字母大写):Room 302(302房间)、Bus No.5(5路公交)。 序数词+名词:the fifth lesson = Lesson Five(第五课)。2. 序数词的高级用法 分数中的序数词: 分子≥2时,分母序数词用复数:3/7 → three sevenths;4/9 → four ninths。 固定短语中的序数词: at the first sight(一见钟情) for the second time(第二次) in third place(第三名) 序数词与冠词: 一般加the:He won the first prize.(他获一等奖。) 名词前有物主代词时省略the:This is my second attempt.(这是我的第二次尝试。)3. 数词的模糊表达 概数表达: hundreds/thousands/millions of + 复数名词:Hundreds of birds fly south in winter.(冬天成百上千只鸟南飞。) dozens of(几十)、scores of(许多):She has dozens of books on art.(她有几十本艺术书。) 年龄概数: in one’s + 整十复数:in his twenties(在他二十多岁时),表示20-29岁。 over/under + 年龄:over sixty(六十多岁),under thirty(不到三十岁)。(二)量词的灵活搭配1. 不可数名词的量词体系 液体类: a drop of water(一滴水) a glass of juice(一杯果汁) a bucket of milk(一桶牛奶) 块状/片状类: a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力) a slice of pizza(一片披萨) a loaf of bread(一条面包) 抽象类: a bit of news(一则消息) a ray of hope(一线希望) a burst of anger(一阵怒气)2. 可数名词的量词辨析 修饰可数名词复数: many:用于否定/疑问句(Do you have many friends ),肯定句常用a lot of/lots of。 several:几个(=three or more),如several days(几天)。 a couple of:两个/几个,如a couple of apples(几个苹果)。 修饰可数/不可数名词: some/any:some用于肯定句,any用于否定/疑问句(I have some milk. I don’t have any money.)。 plenty of:充足的(肯定语境),如plenty of time/books(充足的时间/书)。3. 量词的逻辑陷阱 few/little的强调用法: only a few:仅有几个(强调少但有),如Only a few students passed the exam. very few:极少(几乎没有),如Very few people know this secret. a little的延伸含义: 表示“稍微”:Can you speak a little louder (你能稍微大声点吗?)二、高频易错点与应对策略(一)数词易错点1. hundred/thousand的“具体”与“模糊”混淆 错误:There are two thousands students in our school. 正确:There are two thousand students in our school.(具体数字用单数) 错误:Thousand of birds migrate here every year. 正确:Thousands of birds migrate here every year.(模糊概数用复数+of)2. 序数词与基数词的功能混淆 错误:My birthday is on May five. 正确:My birthday is on May fifth.(日期用序数词) 错误:He is the first to arrive, I am two. 正确:He is the first to arrive, I am second.(顺序用序数词)(二)量词易错点1. 不可数名词的量词缺失 错误:I need an advice. 正确:I need a piece of advice.(advice不可数,需用量词)2. a few与a little的词性误用 错误:There is a few milk in the bottle. 正确:There is a little milk in the bottle.(milk不可数,用a little)3. many与much的名词类型混淆 错误:How much friends do you have 正确:How many friends do you have (friends可数,用many)三、解题思维进阶(一)数词题解题流程1. 辨语境: 若题干含“order/date/rank”(顺序/日期/名次),优先考虑序数词;含“quantity/age/number”(数量/年龄/编号),优先考虑基数词。2. 查搭配: 遇“几十几”用连字符(如twenty-five),遇“几百几千”用单数(如three hundred)。3. 验逻辑: 日期表达需用序数词(如June 1st),楼层表达需用序数词+floor(如the third floor)。(二)量词题解题逻辑1. 名词属性判断: 先确定名词是否可数: 可数名词:用few/a few/many/several等。 不可数名词:用little/a little/much/a piece of等。2. 情感与语境分析: 肯定句用a few/a little,否定句用few/little:I have a few coins in my pocket.(肯定,有几个硬币)I have few coins in my pocket.(否定,几乎没有硬币)3. 固定搭配联想: 遇“建议/信息/面包”等不可数名词,直接联想量词: 建议:a piece of advice 面包:a loaf of bread 信息:a piece of information四、经典例题与解析(新增变式训练)(一)数词例题原题:There are ______ days in June.A. thirty B. thirtieth C. thirty of解析:表示数量“30天”用基数词thirty,选A。变式题:June is the ______ month of the year.A. six B. sixth C. sixths解析:表示“第六个月”用序数词sixth,选B。(二)量词例题原题:I can’t buy the book because I have ______ money.A. a little B. little C. a few解析:money不可数,“无法买书”表否定,用little,选B。变式题:I can buy the book because I have ______ money left.A. few B. a few C. a little解析:money不可数,“可以买书”表肯定,用a little,选C。(三)综合题题目:She gave me ______ useful advice and ______ apples.A. a few; a little B. a little; a few C. a few; a few解析:advice不可数用a little,apples可数用a few,选B。五、备考资源与策略(一)记忆技巧1. 数词口诀: 基数词变序数词口诀:“基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th;一二三特殊记,词尾字母t, d, d;八去t,九去e,ve要用f替;整十变y为i,后跟-eth莫迟疑;若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。”2. 量词联想记忆: 不可数名词量词:“一块/条/片”用piece/loaf/slice,如a piece of paper(纸)、a loaf of bread(面包)、a slice of cake(蛋糕)。(二)分层训练计划阶段 目标 训练内容 每日任务量基础期 掌握数词基本变化 背诵基数词-序数词对应表,完成词性转换练习 20组转换题提升期 攻克量词搭配与逻辑 分类练习可数/不可数名词量词,分析语境情感 15道语境题冲刺期 综合应用与错题复盘 中考真题限时训练,整理易错题集 1套真题(三)实战技巧1. 数词题快速判断: 看到“hundred/thousand”先看前有无具体数字,有则用单数,无则用复数+of。 看到日期/楼层/名次,直接定位序数词,检查是否加the。2. 量词题避坑指南: 先画圈标注名词是否可数,再选对应量词(可数→many/few;不可数→much/little)。 注意隐蔽的不可数名词(如progress, furniture, information),避免直接用量词修饰。总结:数词和量词的语法复习需在“规则记忆”中渗透“语境理解”。通过口诀辅助记忆、分类专项训练及真题实战,强化对词性、搭配和逻辑关系的敏感度,中考时定能精准运用,高效得分!21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览 当前文档不提供在线查看服务,请下载使用!