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Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.—八年级下册英语人教版期末四步复习法
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能听懂发音清晰、语速较慢的简短口头表达，获取关键信息；积累日常生活中常用的习惯用语和交流信息的基本表达方式；积累常用的词语搭配。
文化意识 能初步了解英语的语用特征，选择恰当的交际策略；能意识到错误并进行适当的纠正。能理解与感悟中外优秀文化的内涵。
思维品质 能发现语篇中事件的发展和变化，辨识信息之间的相关性，把握语篇的整体意义；能辨识语篇中的衔接手段，判断句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。
学习能力 对英语学习有持续的兴趣和较为明确的学习需求与目标；有积极主动的学习态度和较强的自信心。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
重点用法
动词不定式：(to) do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do
1. 作主语：
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后
例：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
常用句式有：
（1）It + be + 名词／形容词 (for sb.)+to do
例：It is our duty to clean our classroom.
It is very important for us to learn English well.
（2）It takes sb.+ some time + to do sth.
例：It takes me two hours to finish my homework every day.
2. 作表语：
例：Our duty is to work hard.
3. 作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：hope, wish, expect, need, want, try, agree, prepare, start，begin , plan , forget，remember, decide ,learn , fail, refuse, help, promise, would like, be ready
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。
例：You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用。
例：Jack gave us some advice on how to learn English.
I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
4.作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want／ wish／ ask／ tell／ order ／help／ advise／ invite sb. (not) to do sth.
使役动词（make, let, have） 和感官动词 （see, watch, hear, feel）等与不带to的不定式连用，help 后的不定式可以要to，也可以不要to。
例：I saw him clean the classroom . Let's go to the cinema.
5. 作定语：
例：Do you have anything to drink.
There is no more room to live in.
6. 作状语 ①表目的 ②表结果 ③表原因
He will go to the supermarket to buy some food.( 表目的)
The boy is too young to go to school. (表结果)
We were very glad to hear the good news.( 表原因)
注意：
不定式的几种常用句型有：
（1）ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.意为“要求/告诉/命令某人（不）做某事”。
例：The teacher told us to bring our dictionaries.
老师告诉我们带字典来。
I asked him not to open the window.
我要求他不要开窗。
（2）“too+形容词/副词+to do sth.”意为“太……以至于不能做某事”。
例：The question is too difficult for me to answer.
这个问题对我来说太难回答。
（3）It's (was)+形容词+of (for) sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是……”。
（当形容词是描述人的品质特性时用of；形容词是描述做某事的特性时用for )
例：It's kind of you to help me.
您能帮我，真是太好了。
It's very important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说学好英语很重要。
（4）...enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。
例：He is old enough to dress himself.
他年龄足够大，可以自己穿衣服。
（5）It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
Section A
1. in the hospital意为"住院"，是美式英语。在英式英语中，常用in hospital表示。
2. could作情态动词，后接动词原形，在此用于提出建议，语气比can委婉。
3. help to do sth. 帮助做某事；有助于做某事，该结构中to do sth. 作宾语，其中动词不定式符号to也可省略。
4. give out在此处相当于hand out，是"动词+副词"型短语。
5. let sb. do sth. 为固定用法，其中由就是省略了to的动词不定式短语，在句中作宾语补足语。有类似用法的还有使役动词have，make以及感官动词hear，see等。
Grammar
1. 短语动词
动词+介词 相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
动词+副词 ①可看作及物动词，名词作其宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作其宾语时，只能位于动词与副词之间。 ②有的也可看作不及物动词。
动词+副词+介词 相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。
动词+名词+介词 相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
2. 动词不定式的常见用法
作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：想要拒绝忘记 (want/refuse/forget) ；需要努力学习 (need/try/learn) ；选择同意帮助 (choose/agree/help) ；希望决定开始 (hope/wish/expect/decide/begin/start) 。
作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，tell，want，teach，wish，help，warm，invite，encourage等。
作目的状语 动词不定式 (短语) 作目的状语可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开。也可以放在句尾。
作主语 动词不定式 (短语) 作主语时，通常表示一个具体的特定的行为，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
作定语 动词不定式 (短语) 作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
3. 使用动词不定式 (短语) 需要注意的几个问题
(1) 不定式 (短语) 作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式 (短语) 放到谓语的后面。主要有以下三种情况：①It is+名词+to do sth. ②It takes sb. +some time +to do sth. ③It is+形容词 (easy，important，difficult，foolish，right，wrong) (+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
(2) feel，find，make，think等动词后如果是不定式 (短语) 作宾语，且宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式 (短语) 放到宾语补足语之后。
(3) 有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式 (短语) 通常得不带to，这样的动词主要有三看 (see，watch，notice)；三让 (let，make，have) ；二听 (hear，listen to) ；一感觉 (feel) 。
Section B
1. take after指 (外貌或行为) 与某个有血缘关系的人相像，不能用于进行时。
2. give sth. to sb. =give sb. sth. ，当sth. 是代词时，只能用give sth. to sb. 结构。
3. 一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构是"was/were+及物动词的过去分词"。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
4. have difficulties with sth. 在某方面有困难，have (no) difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事 (没) 有困难，without difficulty毫不费力地
5. interest 作名词，意为"兴趣；关注"。常用短语：have (an) interest in 对……感兴；have no
interest in 对……不感兴趣；take an interest in对. ……产生兴趣；lose interest in 对……失去兴
趣。
练习
1. We have to ______ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
A. turn off B. put off C. take off D. get off
2. The students were really ______ when they heard the good news.
A. upset B. excited C. angry D. nervous
3. Mr. Wang asked me to ______ the papers as quickly as possible.
A. give in B. give out C. give up D. give off
4. —Look at the sign. What does it mean
—It means we should ______ the rubbish ______ the proper rubbish bins.
A. put; into B. throw; around C. mix; into D. try; on
5. Cindy felt ______ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A. lonely B. sleepy C. cold D. hungry
6. It is dangerous to use a cellphone up in a plane. So remember to _______ before you get on the plane.
A. find it out B. turn it off C. put it down D. give it up
7. —Shall we _______ the things we don't use to the people in need
—Good idea.
A. set up B. put off C. give away D. get off
8. —I'm afraid I can't help you ________ your problem.
—Thank you all the same. I can ask my teacher ________ help.
A. for; for B. for; with C. with; with D. with; for
答案
1.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟运动会。turn off关闭；put off推迟；take off 脱下；get off下车。根据“because of the bad weather”可知，因为天气不好，所以要推迟运动会。 故选B。
2.答案：B
解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：当学生们听到这个好消息时，他们真的很兴奋。根据“the good news”可知， 这些学生们听到好消息是很兴奋的。故选B。
3.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：王老师让我尽快把试卷发了。根据“the papers”可知，这里指分发试卷。故选B。
4.答案：A
解析：考查动词短语。句意：—看看这个标志。 它是什么意思？—它的意思是我们应该把垃圾放进合适的垃圾桶。根据“the rubbish... the proper rubbish bins”可知，这里是说“把垃圾扔进 合适的垃圾桶里”。故选A。
5.答案：A
解析：考查形容词辨析。lonely“孤独的”；sleepy“困倦的，瞌睡的”；cold“寒冷的”；hungry“饥饿的”。由 “所以她加入了一些俱乐部结交新朋友”可知，辛迪在新学校感到孤独，故选A。
6.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在飞机上使用手机是 很危险的。所以记得在上飞机前把它关掉。根据语境可知这里是“关闭手机”。turn off关掉，故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据“the things we don't use to the people in need”可知，此处是说把不用的东 西送给需要的人，give away sth. to sb.“把某物捐赠给某人”。故选C。
8.答案：D
解析：句意：—我恐怕我不能帮你解决你的问题。—同样谢谢你。我能向西蒙求助。Help sb. With sth:帮助某人做某事。ask sb. for help：向……求助。故选D。
四、核心素养对接中考
一、阅读理解
British band “Duran Duran” is going to be the first pop group to perform online concerts on the online game Second Life.
Second Life is an online 3-dimensional, digital world, which is imagined, created and owned by the players—people all over the world.
It is thought that 370,000 computer game players worldwide have Second Life characters that exist in the Second Life world, on the Internet.
Earlier this year, BBC Radio held music festivals and played an interview from inside the game.
In May of 2006, it held a music festival in Scotland, but also created a festival inside the Second Life game so that people all over the world could take part in their computers.
One of the members of the band, Nick Rhodes, told the BBC News website: “When I first saw Second Life a few months ago, I couldn’t believe my eyes. When I started looking at the people on screen, talking, walking around and doing normal things, I thought this is somewhere between a strange TV show, a strange experience and a video game. I wanted “Duran Duran” to be part of it.” Each band member has a 3-dimensional person and it is hoped they will do their first online concert soon. The audience will be able to join in and react (反应) while the band is on stage.
Rhodes said new technologies like Second Life will become more and more important in the music industry in the future.
The number of people joining the Second Life is growing quickly. Some computer experts said it probably would be the ‘Next Big Thing’ in the future.
1.Is Second Life an online game
2.What did BBC Radio create inside the Second Life
3.What was Nick Rhodes’ new idea
4.How will the band show their first concert online
5.What does the writer tell us in the last two paragraphs
二、情景交际
A: Hello, Susan! I called you this morning, but you didn't answer. ①________
B: Oh, sorry. I went to the library with my cousin Sally. And we did a lot of reading in such a quiet place.
A: I see. ②________
B: About once a week. By the way, why did you call me
A: ③________
B: Great! ④________
A: We can do lots of things such as reading newspapers to the old people and talking about some interesting things to cheer them up.
B: That sounds interesting! I can't wait to do it. ⑤________
A: Let's meet at the bus stop at 9:00 a.m.
B: OK. See you then.
A. When and where shall we meet
B. Where did you go then
C. I called you to do some sports with me tomorrow.
D. How often do you go to the library
E. Who did you go there with
F. I called you to volunteer with me in the old people's home tomorrow.
G. What can I do there
答案
一、阅读理解
1.答案：Yes, it is.
解析：根据Second Life is an online 3-dimensional, digital world可知第二人生是一个在线三维数字世界，故填Yes，it is.
2.答案：A music festival.
解析：根据Earlier this year, BBC Radio held music festivals and played an interview from inside the game.描述，可知今年初BBC广播公司举办音乐节，在游戏中进行了面试，故填A music festival.
3.答案：He wanted “Duran Duran” to take part in / join in the Second Life./ He wanted to be/ become part of the Second Life.
解析：根据I wanted “Duran Duran” to be part of it.故填He wanted “Duran Duran” to take part in / join in the Second Life./ He wanted to be/ become part of the Second Life.
4.答案：They will appear online as 3-D persons with the audience.
解析：根据Each band member has a 3-dimensional person and it is hoped they will do their first online concert soon 故填They will appear online as 3-D persons with the audience.
5.答案：The bright future and great influence of Second Life with new 3-D technologies.
解析：根据段意，罗兹说“第二人生”等新技术在音乐产业的未来将变得越来越重要。加入“第二人生”的人数正在迅速增长。一些计算机专家说这可能是未来的下一件大事，故填The bright future and great influence of Second Life with new 3-D technologies.
二、情景交际
答案：BDFGA
解析：本文是两个人之间的对话，两人约定一起去养老院做志愿者。
①根据“I went to the library with my cousin Sally.”可知问打电话时对方去哪里了，B项“那时你去哪儿了？”符合语境。故选B。
②根据“About once a week.”可知对频率提问，D项“你多久去一次图书馆？”符合语境。故选D。
③根据“By the way, why did you call me ”可知要回答打电话的原因，F项“我打电话让你明天和我一起去敬老院做志愿者。”符合语境。故选F。
④根据“We can do lots of things, such as reading newspapers to the old people and talking about some interesting things to cheer them up.”可知，问可以做什么，G项“我在那里可以做什么？”符合语境。故选G。
⑤根据“Let's meet at the bus stop at 9:00 a.m.”可知，问见面的时间和地点，A项“我们何时何地见面？”符合语境。故选A。

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