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Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？—八年级下册英语人教版期末四步复习法
一、学习目标整合
语言能力 能听懂发音清晰、语速较慢的简短口头表达，获取关键信息；积累日常生活中常用的习惯用语和交流信息的基本表达方式；积累常用的词语搭配。
文化意识 能初步了解英语的语用特征，选择恰当的交际策略；能意识到错误并进行适当的纠正。能理解与感悟中外优秀文化的内涵。
思维品质 能发现语篇中事件的发展和变化，辨识信息之间的相关性，把握语篇的整体意义；能辨识语篇中的衔接手段，判断句子之间、段落之间的逻辑关系。
学习能力 对英语学习有持续的兴趣和较为明确的学习需求与目标；有积极主动的学习态度和较强的自信心。
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
重点用法
1. Could you＋动词原形＋其他？表示礼貌委婉的请求
2. Could I/we＋动词原形＋其他？表示请求许可
1. —Peter, could you please take out the trash
—Sure, Mom.
—Could you please do the dishes
—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.
1. 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。
①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day
②I wonder if I could use your car for a day
③Do you mind if I use your car for a day
对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或That's OK/all right. 如果不同意，可以说I'm sorry you can't. 或I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句③所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。
无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn't. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can't.
2. She did not do any housework and neither did I.
她没做家务活，我也没有。
“Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语” 表示 “……也不”. Neither此处用作副词，表示“也不”。
He doesn't like swimming and neither do I.
他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。
注意： “ so + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语” 表示“……也是”。
I often go to school by bus and so does my sister.
我经常坐公交车去学校，我妹妹也是。
拓展：
Neither代词，意为“（两者）都不”。
Neither of us did any housework for a week.
我们俩都一个星期没做任何家务。
Would you like the red shirt or the black one
你想要那件红色衬衫还是黑色的？
Neither, I'd like the white one.
两件都不要，我要那件白色的。
neither形容词，与名词单数连用，意为“（两者）都不的”。
Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。
neither... nor... 意为“既不……也不……”。与之相对应的短语是 either... or... 意为“要么...要么...”。
注意：这两个短语需要遵循就近原则，谓语动词由就近的主语来决定。
The room is neither big nor bright.
这个房间既不大也不明亮。
Either you or I am right.
要么你是对的，要么我是对的。
3. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday
invite vt. “邀请”，意同ask，但invite更正式。
①invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。
They invited me to join their club.
②invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth.
He invited us for the concert.
I want to invite my friends to a party.
③invitation n. 邀请
Thanks for your invitation.
Thank you for asking /inviting me.
4. Thanks for taking care of my dog.
“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”，意思侧重于负责任的意思，后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。
Mother takes good care of her children.
It's not easy to take care of the sick.
Take good care of the books.
注：look after一般情况下可替换take care of，意思上强调看管或照料。
I have to look after my sick dog at home.
Section A
1. take out为"动词+副词"型短语。后接代词作宾语时，代词应放在take和out之间；接名词作宾语时，名词放在take和out之间或out之后均可。
2. rubbish为不可数名词，同义词有trash, garbage, litter等。
3. 复数名词(短语)作主语，被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。在英语中，表示时间，重量，距离，价格等的复数名词(短语)作主语时，常被看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
4. as...as...表示两者在某方面程度相同，as...as...中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定形式为not as/so...as...，意为"不如……"。
5. as soon as引导时间状语从句，相当于前面学到的the minute (that)。在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句用一般将来时(或主句含情态动词，或主句为祈使句)，从句应用一般现在时。
6. pass为及物动词时，意为"给；递"。pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.，意为"把某物递给某人"。如果sth.为代词，只能用pass sth. to sh.结构。
7. while：(1) 作连词，引导时间状语从句时，强调在从句动作发生的同时，主句动作也在进行。(2) while作并列连词时，还可表示"而；然而"，强调两者之间的对比。
Grammar
情态动词could的用法
1. 用于提出要求或请求："Could you please... "意为"请你……好吗？"，用于提出要求或请求。常用答语有：
(1) 肯定回答
Yes, sure/of course. 是的，当然可以。
No problem. 没问题。
With pleasure. 乐意帮忙。
Sure/Of course/Certainly, I can. 当然可以。
(2) 否定回答
Sorry, I can't. I have to... 对不起，我不能，我得……
Sorry, I'm going to...对不起，我将……
I'm afraid I can't. I have to...我恐怕不能，我得……
I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。
2. 用于请求许可
"Could I... "意为"我能……吗？"，用于请求对方允许自己做某事。常用答语有：
(1) 肯定回答
Yes, you can. 是的，你能。
Of course you can. 当然可以。
Yes, please. 是的，去吧/用吧/……
(2) 否定回答
Sorry, you can't. 对不起，你不能。
Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. 对不起，恐怕不行。
3. 表示能力
(1) could表示过去的能力，表示现在的能力用can。此时could是can的过去式。
(2) 表示推测：后接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的推测。需接动词的完成式，表示对过去的推测。
(3) 表示建议："You could..."表示提建议，意为"你可以……"。
Section B
1. invite sb. to+地点名词/活动类名词 邀请某人到某地/参加某活动invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
2. make sb.do sth.为固定结构，其中sb. 后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。其否定形式为make sb. not do sth...意为"使某人不要做某事"。有此用法的词还有let，have。
3. spend time/money on sth. 在某事/物上花费时间/金钱
4. It's one's job/duty to do sth. 该结构意为"做某事是某人的工作/职责"。其中It为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
5. provide 作动词，常用结构；provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
6. depend on在此处意为"依靠；信赖"，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。depend on还可意为"取决于；视……而定"。It/That depends意为那得看情况。
7. (1) since在此处作连词，意为"因为；既然"，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。
(2) since作连词，还可意为"从……以后；自……以来"，其引导的时间状语从句常用一般过
去时，主句多用现在完成时。
(3) since作介词，意为"从……以后；自……以来"后接表示时间点的词或短语。
(4) since作副词，意为"从……以后；自……以来"常与现在完成时连用。
8. "the+比较级，the+比较级"是一个常用结构，意为"越……，越……"，表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。
练习
1. —Mom often asks me to do chores but never asks my brother to do them! What should I do
—I think it's _____ to you. You'd better talk with your mother.
A. fair B. kind C. polite D. unfair
2. —Tom, could you please take out the trash
—________. I will do it right away.
A. Sure B. Not at all
C. Sorry, I' m busy now D. No, you can' t
3. This ________ is small. Do you have a big one
A. shirts B. short C. pant D. shirt
4. —Why are you unhappy these days, Julie
—I can' t see the blackboard because two tall boys sits __________ me.
A. behind B. next to C. in front of D. between
5. —Mike, could I use your laptop
—Sorry, I' m going to________ it.
A. put on B. go on C. live on D. work on
6. Please leave the ________ open because I want to air the room.
A. desk B. chair C. door D. floor
7. —I saw Kate in the park this morning.
—No, it _____ him. He moved to Canada last week.
A. can be B. must be C. can' t be D. mustn't be
8. —How do you improve your English
—________ you speak, ________ your English will be.
A. The less; the more B. The more; the better
C. The less; the better D. The more; the less
答案
1.答案：D
解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：—妈妈经常让我做家务，但从不让我弟弟做！我该怎么办 —我认为这对你不公平。你最好和你妈妈谈谈。根据“but never asks my brother to do them”及“You'd better talk with your mother.”可知，此处是说这样“不公平”。故选D。
2.答案：A
解析：考查口语交际。Sure当然可以；Not at all没关系；Sorry，I'm busy now对不起，我现在很忙；No，you can't不，你不能。根据下文“I will do it right away”，可知同意了对方；后面三项不合语境，故选A。
3.答案：D
解析：本句中谓语动词是“is”，谓语动词是由主语确定的，所以本句的主语一定是第三人称单数，A是复数，所以是错误的，B和C常用复数形式，单数不对，所以是错的，故答案是D。
4.答案：C
解析：behind表示在……后面，next to表示在……旁边，in front of表示在……前面，between表示在……两者之间。根据I can't see the blackboard.可知朱莉不开心是因为两个高个男孩坐在她前面，让她看不见黑板。故选C。
5.答案：D
解析：考查固定短语。一迈克，我能用你的笔记本电脑吗？一很抱歉，我现在就要在电脑上工作了。put on 穿上；go on 继续；live on 以……为食；work on 在……上工作。故选D.
6.答案：C
解析：句意：请把门开着，因为我想给房间通风。考查名词辨析。desk桌子；chair椅子；door门；floor地板。根据“because I want to air the room.”可知，开着门，给房间通风。故选C。
7.答案：C
解析：A，B与题目情节不符合，排除。D项语意太强烈，排除。故选C，表示不可能。
8.答案：B
解析：句意：—你怎样提高你的英语 —你说的越多，你的英语将会更好。考查the+比较级结构。 the+比较级表示“越……就越……”；more表示更多，less表示更少，better更好。想要提高英语，应是说得越多，英语提高越好。故选B。
四、核心素养对接中考
一、阅读理解
Should parents ask their children to do chores Some believe that children shouldn't do chores. They think that children don't need to cook or clean for themselves or their parents. But many people think that children can get a lot from doing some chores.
It helps children learn to do some housework that they have to do when they live on their own, and it also gives children a sense of responsibility and confidence.
Most experts agree, however, that chores should fit children. Parents shouldn't ask a schoolboy to cook when he is doing his homework. If he has many activities after school on schooldays, there is no time left to do chores. Perhaps he can do chores on weekends.
When a child does what his parents ask him to do happily, he will probably have the feeling of growing up. Chores can be useful. They are a teaching tool. Parents use the tool to teach children so that they can care for themselves some day. And please make sure that parents also do chores.
If parents don't keep a clean house, children won't find any reason to do chores.
1.Doing some chores is good for children, because _____.
A.they can get good grades
B.they like doing the chores
C.they can get a lot of knowledge
2.What's the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2
A.理由 B.责任 C.任务
3.Why should more chores be done on the weekend
A.Because children should do their homework first.
B.Because children like to play sports on weekdays.
C.Because the time left to do chores may be short on schooldays.
4.Many experts think a child could get the following EXCEPT _____ through doing chores.
A.some money
B.the feeling of growing up
C.the way of caring for themselves
5.Which of the following is RIGHT
A.Some people believe that children should earn money.
B.Parents shouldn't ask a schoolboy to cook when he is doing his homework.
C.Parents don't do chores every day because their children can do chores.
二、情景交际
A: Hello, Mary! You don’t look well. ①________
B: Well. I have a cold. And I have a bad headache now.
A: ②________. But you are easy to have a cold, aren’t you
B: You are right. I am really weak.
A: You must try to build yourself up.
B: What should I do
A: ③_______
B: No, never. I have no time to have breakfast in the morning.
A: ④_______. You must have breakfast every day.
B: Maybe it is hard for me to do it.
A: If you want to become strong, you must do it.
B: OK, I will try my best. Anything else
A: Do exercise as often as possible.
B: OK. ⑤_______.
A: You’re welcome.
答案
一、阅读理解
答案：1-5 CBCAB
解析：1.根据文中第一段中的"But many people think that children can get a lot from doing some chores.但是许多人认为孩子们可以从做家务中得到很多(知识)。"可知做家务可以让孩子学到很多东西，故答案选C。
2.由短文内容可知让孩子做家务可以培养孩子的责任感和自信心，故答案选B。
3.根据文中第三段中的"If he has many activities after school on schooldays, there is no time left to do chores. Perhaps he can do chores on weekends."可知有的孩子在上学日放学后有许多活动，没有时间做家务，因此可以利用周末的时间来做，故答案选C。
4.根据文中第四段中的"When a child does what his parents ask him to do happily, he will probably have the feeling of growing up...Parents use the tool to teach children so that they can care for themselves some day."可知，通过做家务可以让孩子体验成长，让他们学会以后照顾自己，故答案选A。
5.根据文中第三段中的"Parents shouldn't ask a schoolboy to cook when he is doing his homework."可知B项表述正确，其余两项与短文内容不相符。
二、情景交际
1.答案：①What’s wrong ②I’m sorry to hear that ③Do you have breakfast every day ④It is bad for your health ⑤Thank you for your advice
解析：本文是一则对话，Mary容易生病，A建议她锻炼身体。
①根据“Well. I have a cold.”可知问Mary怎么了。故填What’s wrong。
②根据“Well. I have a cold. And I have a bad headache now.”可知Mary生病了，要表示遗憾。故填I’m sorry to hear that。
③根据“No，never. I have no time to have breakfast in the morning.”可知问Mary是否每天吃早餐。故填Do you have breakfast every day。
④根据“You must have breakfast every day.”可知要将不吃早餐对身体不好。故填It is bad for your health。
⑤根据“You’re welcome.”可知要感谢对方建议自己锻炼。故填Thank you for your advice。

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