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(共43张PPT)
Unit 5 Languages around the World
Discovering Useful Structures
Restrictive relative clauses
（一）定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰______或______的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫________，引导定语从句的词叫________。关系词分为关系_____和关系_____两类
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
代词
副词
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 主语 宾语 定语
that
which
who
whom
whose
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
（二）关系代词及其用法
如何确定关系词？
分析从句的成分!!!
一找从句；
二划先行词（还原法）；
三定关系词
作主/宾/定 关系代词
作状 关系副词
关系副词的用法
1. This is the house where I lived 20 years ago.
2. I still remember the day when I first met him.
3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me
1.观察先行词有什么特点？
2.从句中缺少什么成分？
地点
缺地点状语in the house
时间
缺时间状语on the day
原因
缺原因状语
for this reason
when的用法
① When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
I’ll never forget the day when (on which) I joined the team .
I’ll never forget the day.
I joined the team on that day.
when作时间状语
先行词为时间类，一定用关系副词when吗？
可以用that/which吗？
★不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分
I’ll never forget the day ______ I lived in the mountains.
I’ll never forget the day _______________ I spent in the mountains.
when
that/which/省略
缺时间状语
缺spent的宾语
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词 time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词 , 并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词 (in/on/during)+which
I’ll never forget the stage in which(when) I studied in the school.
我永远不会忘记我在学校学习的时期。
where的用法
② Where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
The school where(in which) my son studies is near a park.
The school is near a park.
My son studies in this school.
分解
where作地点状语
先行词为地点类，一定用关系副词where吗？
可以用that/which吗？
★不能看到地点就用where, 要看从句缺什么成分
This is the house _______ he was born.
This is the house _____________ was set up by his parents.
where
that/which
缺地点状语
缺主语
例四： The government building　＿＿＿＿ we voted was very tall.
We voted ________________.
in the building
地点状语
　where / in which
例五： The date ＿＿＿＿＿I arrived was late at night.
I arrived ________________.
on the date
时间状语
　when / on which
1.关系代词的确定
当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句，例如：
Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking
当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句，例如：
This is the room in ___________ my grandmother used to live.
whom
which
二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
2. 介词的确定
2.1 根据先行词的搭配关系：
1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met you.
2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you.
3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone.
on which
on which
with which
(on the day 在那天)
(on the farm 在农场)
(with the money 用钱)
二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
2. 介词的确定
2.2 根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯
Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10
2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10
3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
on which
for which
for which
二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
2. 介词的确定
2.3 根据句子的意思来确定
1) Air, _______ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。
2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。
without
with
二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
2. 介词的确定
2.4 表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用介词 “of”
1) He has two sons, _____________ graduated from Peking University. 他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。
2) Tom wrote many children’s books, nearly half __________ were about campus culture. 汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。
both of whom
of which
二、“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 定语从句中所充当的成成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose
1. This is the house where I lived 20 years ago.
2. I still remember the day when I first met him.
3. Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me
1.观察先行词有什么特点？
2.从句中缺少什么成分？
三、关系副词
when的用法
① When 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
I’ll never forget the day on which (when) I joined the team .
I’ll never forget the day.
I joined the team on that day.
when作时间状语
★不能看到时间就用when，要看从句缺什么成分
I’ll never forget the day ______ I lived in the mountains.
I’ll never forget the day _______________ I spent in the mountains.
when
that/which/省略
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词 time, hour, day, year, moment, occasion 时刻，age年代，period阶段, stage时期，interval 间隙等词 , 并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词 (in/on/during)+which
I’ll never forget the moment in which(when) I studied in the classroom.
where的用法
② Where 引导定语从句时，先行词为表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词+ which” 来替换。
The school where(in which) my son studies is near a park.
The school is near a park.
My son studies in this school.
分解
where作地点状语
★不能看到地点就用where, 要看从句缺什么成分
This is the house _______ he was born.
This is the house _____________ was set up by his parents.
where
that/which
where 还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition, activity, scene, occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
why的用法
③Why 引导定语从句时，先行词通常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，可用“for+ which” 来替换。
Do you know the reason(for which) why he is so upset
Do you know the reason.
He is so upset.
why作原因状语
★不能看到reason 就用why，要看从句缺什么成分
This is the reason _____ he was late.
This is the reason ____________he told us for his being late.
why
that/which
关系副词 相当于 被代替的先行词 在从句中作成分
in, at等介词+which
表示地点的名词
at, in, on, during等介词+which
地点状语
表示时间的名词
时间状语
for+which
reason
原因状语
where
when
why
Exercises
1. Do you still remember the first day ______ you went to
high school
2. I paid a visit to Fudan University _______ my father
studied thirty years ago.
3. Do you know the real reason ______ Anne didn't go to
the get-together
4. Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for _______
you asked.
when
where
why
which
5. Peter put himself in a situation _______ he had to leave
the company.
6. There was a time ______ my daughter was crazy about
pop music.
7. The restaurant _______ I have eaten a wonderful meal
is going to close down.
8. There are two main reasons ______ this situation has
been allowed to continue.
where
when
where
why
This is the college ________________I visited.
This is the college________________ I studied three years ago.
I’ll never forget the day________________we spent together.
I’ll never forget the day ___________ I got married.
This is not the reason _____________ I want to listen to.
This is the reason__________he gave.
This is the reason___________ I love you.
(that/ which)
where
(that/ which)
when
(that/which)
which
why
1、I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
2、The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
3、Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
4、Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _______, of course, make all the others upset.
5、 He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.
6、The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______are built close to each other.
7、She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____________had taken more than three years.
that
whose
which
which
that
of which
where
8. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
9.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. / B. why C. when D. what
10.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.
A. which I bought it B. I bought
C. what I bought D. I bought it
11.Please give me the reason______ you were late this time.
A. that B. which C.why D./
D
A
B
C
Exercise
1.Do you expect to visit the museum _______ is under construction
2.This is the person ____________ you should thank for helping your son.
3The girl ____________ graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
4.I like those books ____________ topics are about history.
5.Any student ____________ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
6.I'd like to tell you something _______might make you surprised.
that/which
who/whom/that
who/that
whose
whose
that
Exercise
1. Do you still remember the first day ______ you went to high school
2.The restaurant _______ I have eaten a wonderful meal is going to close down.
3. Do you know the real reason ______ Anne didn't go to the get-together
4. Peter put himself in a situation _______ he had to leave the company.
5. There was a time ______ my daughter was crazy about pop music.
6. I’ll never forget the moment_______ I studied in the classroom.
when
where
why
where
when
when
Exercise
I will always remember the hours _____________ we lived together.
2. I will always remember the hours ____________ we spent together.
3. Can you still think of the village ______________he once worked
4. Can you still think of the village ______________ he once visited
5. Mandela was the black lawyer to ________I went for advice.
6.He was generous with his time, for _______ I was grateful.
1. when/in which 2. which/that 3.where/in which 4. which/that 5. whom 6. which
Exercise
7.This is the very room _______I slept in that evening.
8.There are cases _______________the word “kid” is used as a verb.
9.I’m at an age ___________I don’t know what love is, but your sweet smile still touches me.
10.It is the first fiction film _____ I have ever seen.
7. that 8. where 9. when 10. that
Exercise
10.It is the first fiction film _____ I have ever seen.
11.The doctor has three daughters, two of ______ are teachers.
12.The doctor has three daughters, and two of _____ are teachers.
13. Peter,________ you met in London, is now back in Paris.
14.In the presence of so many people he was little nervous, _____ was understandable.
15.____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
10. that 11. whom 12.which
13. whom 14. which 15.As
Exercise
16.Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking
17.________ is mentioned above，paper is first made in China.
18.He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with.
19.He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with him.
20.Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered.

16. where 17.As 18.as 19. that 20.which
Exercise
1. Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
3. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
where
when
when
Exercise
4. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
5. The village ________ I was born has become into a town.
6. The reason ________ he resigned is known to us.
where
where
why
指原因
关系代词
指代事物
指时间
指地点
所属关系
指代人
关系副词
who, whom, that
which, that
whose, of which
where
when
why
Summary 1
引导词 　指代内容 　　充当成分
　 who 　　　
　whom
　 that
　which
　whose 　
　when
　where
　why
人
主／宾
人
宾
人／事物
主／宾
事物
主／宾
人的／事物的
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
时间
地点
原因
定(后通常加名词或代词)
Summary 2

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