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高考英语考前冲刺押题预测 说明文读后续写
一．书面表达（共20小题）
1．（2025 黄浦区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
When Questions Turn Self﹣Centered
Does this situation sound familiar？A friend approaches and asks，"Hey，what are you up to this weekend？"You tell her you're not sure，but nothing big.She replies with her own vivid plan."I'm going to my lake house，and we're having a massive bonfire."
What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off，complain or simply share about herself.I call this strategy "boomerasking，"and it happens constantly.Like the circling bend of a boomerang（回旋镖），boomeraskers ask a question，let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves.
For many people，self﹣disclosure simply feels great.Still，most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can't just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time.So，we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits.But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self﹣centeredness，boomerasking might be the worst﹣because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions.
Asking sincere questions，listening to others' answers and following up on those answers may be the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection.Boomerasking ruins the magic，however.Failing to follow up on your partner's answer，and answering the question yourself instead，makes others feel like you don't care about them﹣and probably didn't care about them when you asked the question to begin with.
So don't boomerask!While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer，when another person shares their perspective，focus on them.We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves.
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2．（2025 虹口区二模） Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
The Trouble of Over﹣pathologizing to Schools
In the past，young people didn't discuss their mental health.But nowadays，it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week.However，this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone.In fact，it could be making things worse.
These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem，consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don't.This kind of over﹣pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools.An increasing number of young people are saying that they don't want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety.
Sometimes，the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person.For example，they shouldn't be asked questions in class，or they shouldn't have to sit exams in a big hall.But this genuine，useful principle has been blown out of proportion.In some cases，students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them.
The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them.Actually，the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them，step by step，in facing their fears.If，with support，they gradually do the things that make them anxious，they learn two things：first，that it isn't as bad as they thought it would be，and second，that even if it is bad，they can cope.
So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one﹣to﹣one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful，rather than applying a one﹣size﹣fits﹣all approach to adjustments.
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3．（2025 杨浦区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Urban Green Spaces：A Necessity，Not a Luxury
Urban green spaces play a vital role in improving the quality of life in cities.Studies have shown the various benefits brought about by green spaces.For example，research from the University of Exeter found that people living near green spaces reported higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.
However，many cities are facing the challenge of preserving these spaces due to rapid urbanization.In some areas，parks are being replaced by commercial buildings or housing projects to meet the growing demand for space.Meanwhile，the tendency to cut funding for the maintenance of urban green spaces is becoming increasingly common.For example，in Liverpool，UK，budget cuts led to reduced maintenance in parks，with less frequent tree trimming and litter collection.These short﹣sighted approaches ignore the long﹣term benefits of green spaces，such as their ability to combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing urban heat.For instance，during heatwaves，urban areas with more greenery can be significantly cooler than those without，providing a natural solution to rising temperatures.Moreover，green spaces support biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife，which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance.
Cities like New York and London have demonstrated the value of green spaces.Central Park in New York serves as a vital green lung for millions of residents，offering recreational areas，supporting biodiversity，and improving the city's overall environment.Similarly，London's Hyde Park is a hub for community events，jogging，and cycling，contributing to the city's cultural and social life.These examples highlight how green spaces can enhance urban living while addressing environmental challenges.
It is high time that governments acknowledged the significance of investing in the preservation of green spaces.Only by integrating green spaces into city designs can we create truly habitable and sustainable urban environments，ensuring that every resident has access to nature.
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4．（2025 普陀区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Is It a Man or a Woman？
As technologies become more human﹣like，there's been a push to make them genderless.However，Stanford's Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways.While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it，Martin's research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products.
In her latest research，participants were asked to rate their attachment to male，female and genderless versions of a self﹣driving car named "Miuu." Martin found that gender increased users' feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it.For example，participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless "Miuu" than ones with male or female voices.These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty.
While gendering products may be good marketing，it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity.The qualities commonly associated with men，such as competitiveness and dominance，are more valued than those associated with women. "In leadership domains，those are the qualities we want in our leaders，whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate，" Martin says.She notes that these qualities，in turn，are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.For example，male voice assistants "got things done" and "found the information quickly"，whereas female voice assistants were described as "helpful".
Yet Martin's study also found that creating a gender﹣neutral object was difficult.For instance，if an object's name was meant to sound gender﹣neutral，like Miuu，participants would still assign a gender to it —they would assume Miuu was a "he" or "she".
However，Martin sees a silver lining：she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes，like how women in leadership change perceptions.She hopes future research explores how to increase people's attachment to objects without relying on gender norms.
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5．（2025 静安区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Are iconic skyscrapers making cites look all the same？
Everywhere one ventures in cities，skyscrapers are being built or planned.Even Paris is getting one such high building.The French capital recently backed plans for a 180﹣metre﹣high triangular tower by Herzog & de Meuron of Switzerland，its first in four decades.
Today，there is plenty of work to go around for any global"starchitect"who can produce an iconic museum，office or residential tower from London to Dubai.Every huge global city，together with many a second or third level one，wants to put itself on the map with an iconic tower，or several.This creates plenty of strange shapes on the skyline.A firm of architects in Melbourne has just released plans for a 68﹣storey apartment and hotel block inspired by the fabric﹣covered dancers in a dance video.
Such expressions of architectural individuality have the unexpected effect.Cities look more and more like each other.Once upon a time，Chicago and New York were modern skyscraper cities，while European capitals such as Paris and London had antique streetscapes.Now，many are turning to cities sharing one face.
This worries designers.Moshe Safdie，the architect who has designed towers in various cities，says some skyscrapers are"objectified，branded trips"that are more like giant sculptures than buildings forming parts of a public space.Many cities are filled with these boring dashing towers intended to attract attention rather than to respond to the local setting.
Fortunately，accompanying today's clients with high tastes come impressive new designs.Take the cities' rising forces﹣media and technology companies as an example.They do not appreciate those shiny tall buildings but expect something smarter.The pioneer of this trend in New York was Frank Gehry's curvy building，and some architects say such buildings must accommodate diversity.An odd flashy shape does not make the cut.For better or worse，this is the era of tailored command，with clients controlling the design of their own towers.
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6．（2025 奉贤区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Noise﹣Cancelling Headphones：A Double﹣Edged Sword for Hearing？
They are prized for making the daily trip more bearable and creating a barrier against the noise of daily life.But some specialists suspect that overusing the noise﹣cancelling headphones which constantly blocking out background noise may have unintended consequences.
Renee Almeida，an adult audiology clinical lead at Imperial College healthcare NHS trust，has seen an increase in adults coming to her clinic with hearing issues only for tests to suggest their hearing is fine.The problem is with their brain，not their cars.They might fail to locate where a sound is coming from，or struggle to follow a conversation on the train，in a bar or at a restaurant.The condition，known as auditory processing disorder，is often diagnosed in children，so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almcida as odd.Almeida suspects prolonged headphone use，which limits the brain's exposure to multiple sounds，might be responsible.
"Normally，our brains sort thousands of sounds and prioritize important ones，"Almeida explains."But noise﹣cancelling headphones deliver only one sound source—music or podcasts—depriving the brain of practice in distinguishing speech from background noise."
However，for Harvey Dillon，a professor of auditory science at the University of Manchester，Almcida's idea is an assumption yet to be tested."There is no research investigating the link between the use of noise﹣cancelling headphones and reduced auditory processing ability，"he says.He cautions that loud music can damage neurons（神经元） in the auditory system."It may be that listening to loud music is the cause of the auditory processing problem，not the noise﹣cancelling feature，"he says."If so，noise cancelling could be a good feature，as it allows one to listen to music without interference from background noise."
While theories about headphone﹣related harm remain unproven，experts agree on one point：understanding how modern listening habits reshape auditory processing requires urgent scientific attention.
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7．（2025 嘉定区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage.Use your own words as far as possible.
Helping Workers Switch Off
In today's fast﹣paced，technology﹣drive n world，maintaining a healthy work﹣life balance has become a growing challenge for employees.Many workers struggle to disconnect from their jobs even after office hours，leading to stress，burnout，and，in extreme cases，serious health consequences.In some countries，employees feel pressure to be constantly available，answering emails and work﹣related messages late into the evening.In Japan，for example，the culture of long working hours has resulted in cases of "karoshi，" or death from overwork.Similarly，in Spain，the traditional 11﹣hour workday，which includes a lengthy midday break，often prevents workers from spending adequate time at home due to long commutes.
One of the main reasons for this issue is the increasing dependence on digital communication，which allows employers to reach workers at any time.Many companies have not established clear boundaries between work and personal life，leading to an expectation that employees must always be responsive.In some countries，historical work culture also plays a role.Spain's existing time zone and work schedule are not well﹣suited to employees' natural daily rhythms，while Japan's strong work culture has created a workplace environment where working late is expected.
To address these concerns，several countries have introduced policies to help employees switch off from work.France has introduced a law granting workers the "right to disconnect，" preventing companies with over 50 employees from requiring staff to answer emails outside office hours.Germany has taken similar measures，with major corporations like Volkswagen and BMW banning managers from contacting employees after hours.Spain is considering reducing work hours and adjusting its time zone to make daily schedules more manageable.In Japan，efforts to fight overwork include strict regulations requiring employees to leave by 8 p.m.，with office lights turned off and anyone still at their desk sent home.These initiatives all signal a positive shift toward healthier work environments.
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8．（2025 浦东新区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
British farms are attracting modern consumers
Peterley Manor Farm has moved a long way from traditional farming.When Roger Brill，a fourth﹣generation farmer took over the farm in 1982，he grew and sold fruit and vegetables from the farm gate.Now the farm boasts a"wild spa"with outdoor ice baths and a wood﹣fired steam bath，yoga（瑜伽） classes in a Mongolian yurt（蒙古包）.
Branching out has become the norm for modern farmers.Nearly 70% of farms in England are engaging in different commercial activities.Out of those with additional income streams，one in five earn more than half of their income from diversified initiatives.Half of farm﹣owners let out space for other activities，according to figures from the Department for Environment，Food &Rural Affairs（DEFRA）；a fifth generate income from solar energy.
The decision to diversify may not be new：farmers have sought alternative income streams for decades.But the need has become more urgent.Farms have been squeezed by huge rises in energy costs and the rapidly increasing cost of agricultural labour in recent years.Increasingly unpredictable weather，including record amounts of rainfall，has made harvests less reliable.Changing subsidy（补贴） arrangements add to the uncertainty.DEFRA estimates that up to 42% of all farms are unprofitable without the Basic Payment Scheme（BPS），a subsidy that was introduced in 2015 and is now ending.
Diversification brings new business for struggling farms.But adapting to consumer demands leaves them exposed to wider economic cycles.It also requires them to find workers with new skills.In future Peterley Manor Farm will need more marketers and chefs，for instance，and fewer farm hands.In one respect，though，things are not that different from old﹣fashioned farming."The service industry is challenging，"says Ms Brill."It's hard work and long hours."
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9．（2025 崇明区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Keys to Success in This CEO's Eyes
As founder，chairman and CEO，Ragy Thomas has been successful in leading a company from a mere idea to a multibillion﹣dollar software company.So，what are his keys to success？Thomas will tell you it's not enough to be a technology visionary.You've got to have the leadership skills to match your big ideas.
First，Thomas insists that his approach to life in general is what often sets him apart."We're a village of 7 billion people，and where you are is not what makes you happy or controls life，it's how you approach it."He says this big﹣picture，optimistic mindset enables him to recognize problematic patterns in customer care and find out potential solutions.Thomas's forward﹣thinking mindset also has helped him embrace the fact that rapidly advancing technology opens new doors through which businesses and consumers can interact in a whole new way.By using technological advances，such as AI，to sift through（筛选） information and integrating multiple channels of communication into a unified platform，Thomas says，he's been able to revolutionize customer care.
Thomas says he hates failure but loves the process of learning that comes after failure.When faced with the topics of success，failure and the many risks involved in starting a business，Thomas says，"I've never asked myself，"Why me？"I've always asked myself"Why not me？""By building stronger connections，easier accessibility and better customer﹣facing infrastructure（基础设施），he believes that soon every company on the planet will want his product.
These days，Thomas's job is less about the daily to﹣dos and more about setting goals and empowering others to be successful.He wants to put happiness at the core of what he does，not just with clients but with his own employees.When speaking about his employees，he says，"It's important for me that you do well and not just do great work."
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10．（2025 上海模拟）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Problems on the Production of Coffee Beans
The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，full﹣sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade﹣grown production to full﹣sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.
On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full﹣sun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full﹣sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.
Moreover，the continued spread of full﹣sun coffee plantations could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that loss of oxygen﹣giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Besides，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic soil conditions.
On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full﹣sun coffee fields also threatens human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffee﹣growing techniques are poisoning the water locally and eventually the world's groundwater.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade﹣grown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.________
11．（2025 金山区一模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Find Your New Favourite Hobby
"Challenging，fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier，" says Kate Hanselman with a laugh，and that's why her home is a grand hobby exhibition —fencing equipment，multiple pairs of rock﹣climbing shoes，yarn everywhere for knitting…Research has proved that hobbies help people in creative，physical，and intellectual ways.The only questions is：how can we find our new favorite hobby？
Matthew J.Zawazki，a professor of health psychology advises that we ask ourselves how we want an activity to make us feel. "Mentally engaged？Distracted？Relaxed？Socially connected？It's helpful to consider what your life is missing and recognizing these needs matters，" says Matthew.Hobbies present an escape as they help us calm down，so figuring out the answers to the above questions can be vital.
Rebecca Weiler，a mental health adviser warns us not to invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. "Always ease in to figure out if it's right for you，" she says， "You can always do more later." So，if you're taking an interest in pottery，sign up to do a one﹣time class rather than a set of eight.Besides，she adds that it's smart to resist the pressure to overcommit. "You spend enough of your day pushing yourself，but hobbies are supposed to be fun.So you can stop anytime as long as you don't like a certain part in your hobby."
Katina Bajaj，a clinic psychology researcher，wants to remind us of our childhood. "When you were a kid，what did you want to be when you grew up？The answer could point you towards an appealing hobby，" according to Katina.Revisiting activities we loved when young is really helpful to start with because it allows you to feel comfortable.Childhood joys can easily develop into adult hobbies.
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12．（2025 虹口区一模）
How Green is the Paris Olympic Games？
The organizers of the Paris Olympic Games have promised to make the Games the most sustainable in the decades since climate change became a concern.But how did it work？
On the plus side，organizers have been serious in their efforts to educe carbon emissions.They measured the expected carbon footprint of the Games，reduced emissions through energy efficiencies and limited new construction by using existing facilities.
But，the sustainability efforts in Paris have not all been smooth sailing.The Seine is scheduled to host marathon swimming.But despite spending 1.4 billion euros trying to clean the river，French authorities have achieved inconsistent results：Water tests in June still showed high levels of pollutants.
The Paris organizers had also hoped to rely on a cooling system that pump cold water beneath the village's floors.That technology was expected to reduce the carbon impact by 45 percent.Bur，eventually，they gave up their ambition to avoid using conventional air﹣conditioning in the Olympic Village，installing some 2，500 temporary air﹣conditioning units.
For years，the organizers all promised the Games would be "climate positive." But，whatever efforts were taken，none of them could really achieve sustainability as long as millions of tourists flew into the host city.Organizers of the Rio Olympics in 2016 estimated that more than 40% of the carbon emissions came from international spectators.This year，with tickets available on a central platform globally，the number of international visitors was beyond control.
For all the efforts in Paris to reduce the carbon impact of the games，some of which have been considerable，the scale of future Games must be rethought.Jules Boykoff，who has written extensively about the Olympic Games，rightly argues that "the Games need to reduce their size".It wouldn't solve everything，but it would make these events more sustainable.
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13．（2024 陕西模拟）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一段完整的短文。
The Best Medicine
Last Sunday afternoon，my husband and I accompanied my young daughter，Micheal，to play in the park near our community.It was cool，the sun was shinning，wind was blowing gently，birds were singing and children were playing happily.While Micheal was cycling on the lawn，my husband and I were sitting under a big tree，reading，sometimes chatting.
But all of a sudden，a deafening cry from Micheal reached my ears—she fell off her bicycle.I rushed to her and found that she perhaps hurt her ankle.My husband and I took her to hospital as quickly as possible.On the way there，I kept her in my arms and tried to relieve her pain，but nothing helped.
We waited in the waiting area，where there was a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.People sat uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which had been read hundreds of times previously.Other anxious parents also did what they could to comfort their nervous and crying children.
Micheal's ankle was now twice its normal size，and since getting here，she had been spending her time crying in pain，which made us more tense.Finally，a young doctor and the on﹣duty nurse began to treat her injury，and at the same time we tried our best to comfort her，but whatever we did still couldn't stop her tears from streaming down.
To our amazement，a man in white coat with curly rainbow wig，big red nose，and a name badge"Doctor Samuel﹣Laugh﹣out﹣loud"，came in the waiting area and approached us.I realized that he must be one of the clown doctors，who comfort the sick children in the hospital.And they would make the nervous parents feel better and at the same time even cheer up the hospital staff.They are not medical doctors，though.
Doctor Samuel comforted Micheal in his unique way.
With the help of medical doctors and Samuel，Micheal recovered more quickly than expected.________
14．（2024 崇明区二模）
Microplastics：Out of Sight，Out of Mind？
People joke that someone suffering from paranoia （妄想症） sees danger everywhere，thinking someone is out to get him.In the case of microplastics，you don't need to have paranoia to be worried about them being everywhere，because they basically are!
What exactly are microplastics？They are particles （颗粒） of any type of plastic that are less than 5 millimeters in diameter （直径）.They have resulted from the plastic pollution widespread in the world today.
When plastic is exposed to environmental forces，it breaks down into these tiny particles，which，in turn，do not disappear but continue to exist for hundreds or even thousands of years.Every piece of plastic that has ever been made is still on Earth today，except for what has been burned.Often mistaken for food，plastics and microplastics in oceans and on beaches are often consumed by marine animals，which is harmful.Research has linked microplastics to cancer and other problems in animals.
Whatever you think about these particles，taking them in is easier than you think.When you heat food in a plastic dish in the microwave，microplastics get into your food.The water from a plastic water bottle contains the particles as well.After taking surveys of microplastics in air，water and seafood，scientists estimate that people may easily be eating 5 grams of plastic a week.Researchers don't know yet if or how this will affect humans.Microplastics have been found in human tissue samples，and no one yet knows how long they stay in the human body or what problems may arise.
Not until the amount of plastic waste in the world is reduced will microplastics decrease.So，while the evidence is still missing of the effect microplastics have on people's health，reusing and recycling plastic is a no﹣brainer.
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15．（2024 黄浦区二模） It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship，and More to Maintain It
Many of us worry that we don't put in enough time to maintain close friendships.But how much is enough？Unfortunately，there's no magic formula （公式） for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them.Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact.
Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together.We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend.In order to move from casual friends to close friends，we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours.
However，deeper interactions can quicken that timeline.We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations.Contrarily，spending 200 hours together doesn't necessarily mean a person will become a close friend.They have to want to be your friends.Some co﹣workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends.
When it comes to maintaining friendships，it's not just the number of hours spent together，but what we do that matters.Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable，but it doesn't do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations，sharing feelings，and being a good listener.And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with，through calls and texts or in person，helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings，like happiness.
The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships.Once that closeness is established，some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements.
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16．（2024 普陀区二模）
How to Stay on Task
"In many activities，it is difficult to maintain a high level of focus over time.Our research asks why this is the case，"said Matthew K.Robison，assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington.Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention，they are often distracted，which can lead to inattention.Common distractions can be anything from thinking about a new romantic interest to reacting to a car honking.Most inattention has minor consequences like forgetting to forward an email or pick up an item at the grocery store.However，other inattention can lead to serious consequences，such as a train operator not reacting to an incident，a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.
"Sustaining attention can be easier said than done，as attention fluctuates（波动） across short and long intervals，"Robison said.One of the most common approaches to studying inattention has been to examine response time to a variety of tasks.For this study，Robison and colleagues employed more than 100 participants to complete reaction time tasks for about 25 minutes.In a standard control condition，participants were simply told to respond as quickly as possible on each trial."In this condition，reaction times systematically increased across time，consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing，"Robison said. "However，when we gave them specific goals to pursue and made those goals harder over time，they did not show that effect."
The drop in concentration goes some way to explaining why we remember or forget the moment and why some people remember better than others.Robison and colleagues at the University of Oregon have also published a new study on maintaining attention.The results provide evidence that a simple and easily implementable change in behavior﹣setting specific goals for oneself﹣can significantly improve our ability to maintain task focus over time."Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention，"said Robison based on his studies.
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17．（2024 金山区二模）
The ingredients of love
In modern times，finding love seems more central to people's lives.Then，researchers wonder，can love，a highly valued emotional state，be created？
To help determine the ingredients of attraction，one research paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3，6 or 10 minutes to get a sense of each other's individuality.Then students were asked to predict what kind of relationship they might build with their partners.After nine weeks，they reported what happened.Reports showed their initial judgments often held true.All these students seemed to distinguish at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction.Many animals give off pheromones —natural chemicals that can be detected by，and then can produce a response in，other animals of the same species.Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling open to partnerships.In contrast，humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals.Smell，however，does seem to play a part in human attraction.Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously，we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors，including seeing something we find attractive.Researchers had people judge faces for attractiveness.The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face，yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces.The way we assess attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations，people responded to positive words faster after viewing an attractive face.Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
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18．（2024 徐汇区二模）
The Evolution of Robotics：A Journey from Imagination to Reality
The development of robots represents a fascinating journey from mere imagination to practical reality.Over the years，advancements in technology and engineering have pushed the evolution of robots，transforming them from simple mechanical devices to complicated machines capable of copying human behavior and performing complex tasks.
The history of robotics dates back centuries，with early concepts of mechanical beings found in ancient stories and legends.However，it was not until the 20th century that significant progress was made in the field of robotics.The appearance of industrial robots in the mid﹣20th century revolutionized manufacturing processes，leading to increased efficiency and productivity in factories around the world.
One of the most significant milestones in the development of robots was the invention of the programmable robot arm by George Devol and Joseph Engelberger in the 1950s.This innovation paved the way for the widespread adoption of robots in industrial settings，where they could perform repetitive tasks with correctness and accuracy.
Another milestone was the introduction of the first autonomous mobile robot，Shakey，developed by researchers at Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s.Shakey demonstrated the potential of robots to navigate and interact with their environment autonomously，laying the foundation for future advancements in robotics.
The development of artificial intelligence （AI） has been instrumental in pushing the boundaries of robotics.AI﹣powered robots are capable of learning from their experiences，making decisions，and adapting to new situations.This has enabled the creation of social robots，such as Pepper and Sophia，which can interact with humans in meaningful ways.
In recent years，there have been significant advancements in robotics，particularly in areas such as medical robotics，autonomous vehicles，and humanoid robots.Medical robots，for example，are being used for minimally invasive surgeries，precision medication delivery，and patient care.Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transportation，with companies like Tesla and Waymo developing self﹣driving cars.Meanwhile，humanoid robots like Boston Dynamics' Atlas are pushing the boundaries of what robots can achieve，with capabilities such as dynamic movement and dexterity.
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19．（2024 嘉定区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
England Prohibits Phones in Schools，But Will It Help？
Recently，England's Department of Education has confirmed plans to ban the use of mobile phones in English schools during the school day，including break times.The guidance offers schools a variety of ways to implement（实施） the ban，ranging from an order to leave all phones at home，to handing them in on arrival or keeping them in inaccessible lockers.
England's response to the growing frustration with students' cellphone use during school time is not unfounded.The United Nations this past summer published a report issuing a strong warning regarding technology use in schools around the globe.Some countries had already implemented strict "no﹣cellphone"policies.For example，France prohibited students in elementary and middle schools from using cellphones while on campus.Meanwhile，it is reported that most teens use their phones for an average of 43 minutes during school hours，with some students reaching six hours on the high end.These addictive devices often lead to distraction and social anxiety.Worse still，almost one﹣third of secondary school teachers said that their lessons were interrupted by students' mobile phones.
However，some people don't believe that banning mobile phones in England's schools will fundamentally address the harm that mobile phones do to children."We work with children daily.We understand that a phone is a device to pay for a bus，contact your mum，and find information，"Kidron，a secondary school teacher，said."So the device is not the issue；it is the persistent irresponsible content provided by online tech platforms that is to panies that engage with children，therefore，should offer content that is suitable for their age and development capacity."Ghey，a concerned mother，also raised her voice on this matter，but with a different perspective.She argued for the phone manufacturers to make specific products for under﹣18s that prevent them from accessing harmful content.
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20．（2024 闵行区二模）
Have You Got Success Amnesia？
Have you heard yourself say "it was nothing really" when someone congratulates you on a job well done？Or have you drawn a blank when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved？If so，you have suffered success amnesia.Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of success amnesia.It signals that there might be a gap between how others view your achievements and how you see them.
People who have success amnesia often have a strong track record at work or get it sorted for family members.They are people who others would describe as successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge and own their results.They don't hold their achievements in their memory bank.
This particular type of memory loss robs them of the satisfaction and pleasure that can follow in achieving a goal.And，perhaps more importantly，it robs them of confidence.Confidence does not guarantee success，but it does increase the chance of success.Why not try some practical methods？
Ask for feedback about the impact you've had and then listen carefully.Watch out for anything that you begin to tell yourself "It wasn't that big a deal." Try to absorb what you hear.You can also look back over the past 6 or 12 months，capture every success you can think of，whether large or small，and write them down clearly.Purposefully acknowledging and admitting your achievements can help to bring them into more realistic focus.Besides，be mindful that you have a tendency to forget or minimize your achievements.A sticky note on your laptop screen might help：my strengths and achievements are bigger than they appear to me.
高考英语考前冲刺押题预测 说明文读后续写
参考答案与试题解析
一．书面表达（共20小题）
1．（2025 黄浦区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
When Questions Turn Self﹣Centered
Does this situation sound familiar？A friend approaches and asks，"Hey，what are you up to this weekend？"You tell her you're not sure，but nothing big.She replies with her own vivid plan."I'm going to my lake house，and we're having a massive bonfire."
What seemed like a genuine expression of interest in you suddenly shifts and becomes a chance for your friend to show off，complain or simply share about herself.I call this strategy "boomerasking，"and it happens constantly.Like the circling bend of a boomerang（回旋镖），boomeraskers ask a question，let their conversation partners answer and then immediately bring the focus of the conversation back to themselves.
For many people，self﹣disclosure simply feels great.Still，most of us are sensitive to the fact that we can't just walk around showing off and complaining and talking about ourselves all the time.So，we attempt to solve this problem with some indirect habits.But among all the seemingly skillful and obvious ways we attempt to mask our self﹣centeredness，boomerasking might be the worst﹣because it takes away the amazing benefits that come from asking questions.
Asking sincere questions，listening to others' answers and following up on those answers may be the easiest and most powerful pathway to shared understanding and interpersonal connection.Boomerasking ruins the magic，however.Failing to follow up on your partner's answer，and answering the question yourself instead，makes others feel like you don't care about them﹣and probably didn't care about them when you asked the question to begin with.
So don't boomerask!While sharing about yourself feels good and can bring us closer，when another person shares their perspective，focus on them.We should all aim to be more interested in our partners before we go back to proving how interesting we are ourselves.
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【答案】 Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves.This indirect self﹣disclosure makes people feel good，but it reduces the benefits of real questions，like building understanding and connections.Besides，this behavior can make others feel unimportant.So avoid boomerasking，and raise sincere questions and listen attentively to others' responses.
【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是Boomerasking，以及带来的问题。
高分句型一：Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves.
译文：Boomerasking是指有人问了一个问题，但很快就开始谈论自己。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的表语从句。
高分句型二：Besides，this behavior can make others feel unimportant.
译文：此外，这种行为会让别人觉得自己不重要。
分析：这句话使用了make+宾语+动词原形作宾语补足语的结构。
【解答】 Boomerasking is when someone asks a question but quickly makes the conversation about themselves.【高分句型一】（什么是Boomerasking）This indirect self﹣disclosure makes people feel good，but it reduces the benefits of real questions，like building understanding and connections.（这种间接的自我表露让人感觉良好，但它减少了真正问题的好处）Besides，this behavior can make others feel unimportant.【高分句型二】（让别人觉得自己不重要）So avoid boomerasking，and raise sincere questions and listen attentively to others' responses. （避免boomerasking）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
2．（2025 虹口区二模） Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
The Trouble of Over﹣pathologizing to Schools
In the past，young people didn't discuss their mental health.But nowadays，it feels like there is a mental health awareness campaign almost every week.However，this societal push to talk about mental health might not be helping everyone.In fact，it could be making things worse.
These campaigns encourage people to interpret essentially all negative thoughts and feelings as symptoms of a disorder or a problem，consequently making them feel unnecessarily weak and leading them to view themselves as having a disorder when they don't.This kind of over﹣pathologizing may lead to further problems in schools.An increasing number of young people are saying that they don't want to do something by labeling themselves as having anxiety.
Sometimes，the most appropriate response is to make adjustments for that person.For example，they shouldn't be asked questions in class，or they shouldn't have to sit exams in a big hall.But this genuine，useful principle has been blown out of proportion.In some cases，students in schools are automatically being given excessive freedom or privileges with no intention to ever review them.
The trouble is that the worst thing you can do in terms of managing anxiety in the long run is to allow people to avoid the things that scare them.Actually，the most useful therapeutic approach is to support them，step by step，in facing their fears.If，with support，they gradually do the things that make them anxious，they learn two things：first，that it isn't as bad as they thought it would be，and second，that even if it is bad，they can cope.
So there needs to be a better understanding of who really needs one﹣to﹣one support and who can be supported simply by teachers being helpful，rather than applying a one﹣size﹣fits﹣all approach to adjustments.
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【答案】 Increased mental health awareness has led to over﹣pathologizing，causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders.Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them，leaving their anxiety unresolved.Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensure only those truly in need receive specialized assistance.
【分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了学校心理健康意识的提高导致了过度病理化以及学校应该如何处理。
高分句型一：Increased mental health awareness has led to over﹣pathologizing，causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders.
译文：心理健康意识的提高导致了过度病理化，导致一些学生将正常的挣扎标记为疾病。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders作状语。
高分句型二：Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them，leaving their anxiety unresolved.
译文：学校有时会让这些学生避开让他们害怕的事情，让他们的焦虑得不到解决。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句和现在分词短语leaving their anxiety unresolved作状语。
【解答】 Increased mental health awareness has led to over﹣pathologizing，causing some students to label normal struggles as disorders.【高分句型一】（ 一些年轻人将正常的挣扎称为障碍）Schools sometimes allow these students to avoid what scares them，leaving their anxiety unresolved.【高分句型二】（学校没有解决一些学生的焦虑）Schools should encourage those students to brave fears while ensure only those truly in need receive specialized assistance. （学校应该鼓励这些学生勇敢面对恐惧，同时确保只有真正需要帮助的人才能得到专门的帮助）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
3．（2025 杨浦区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Urban Green Spaces：A Necessity，Not a Luxury
Urban green spaces play a vital role in improving the quality of life in cities.Studies have shown the various benefits brought about by green spaces.For example，research from the University of Exeter found that people living near green spaces reported higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.
However，many cities are facing the challenge of preserving these spaces due to rapid urbanization.In some areas，parks are being replaced by commercial buildings or housing projects to meet the growing demand for space.Meanwhile，the tendency to cut funding for the maintenance of urban green spaces is becoming increasingly common.For example，in Liverpool，UK，budget cuts led to reduced maintenance in parks，with less frequent tree trimming and litter collection.These short﹣sighted approaches ignore the long﹣term benefits of green spaces，such as their ability to combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing urban heat.For instance，during heatwaves，urban areas with more greenery can be significantly cooler than those without，providing a natural solution to rising temperatures.Moreover，green spaces support biodiversity by providing habitats for wildlife，which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance.
Cities like New York and London have demonstrated the value of green spaces.Central Park in New York serves as a vital green lung for millions of residents，offering recreational areas，supporting biodiversity，and improving the city's overall environment.Similarly，London's Hyde Park is a hub for community events，jogging，and cycling，contributing to the city's cultural and social life.These examples highlight how green spaces can enhance urban living while addressing environmental challenges.
It is high time that governments acknowledged the significance of investing in the preservation of green spaces.Only by integrating green spaces into city designs can we create truly habitable and sustainable urban environments，ensuring that every resident has access to nature.
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【答案】 Urban green spaces enhance city life，but rapid urbanization threatens their preservation.Cutting maintenance funding and replacing green spaces with commercial buildings are short﹣sighted，which ignore their long﹣term benefits like combating climate change and supporting biodiversity.Some cities have shown parks' benefits for recreation and social life.Governments should prioritize their preservation to ensure citizens' access to nature.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，城市绿地提升了城市生活，但快速的城市化威胁着它们的保护。削减维护资金和用商业建筑取代绿色空间是短视的，这忽视了它们的长期利益，如应对气候变化和支持生物多样性。一些城市已经显示出公园对娱乐和社交生活的好处。政府应该优先保护它们，以确保公民能够接触大自然。
高分句型一：Cutting maintenance funding and replacing green spaces with commercial buildings are short﹣sighted，which ignore their long﹣term benefits like combating climate change and supporting biodiversity.
翻译：削减维护资金和用商业建筑取代绿色空间是短视的，这忽视了它们的长期利益，如应对气候变化和支持生物多样性。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Governments should prioritize their preservation to ensure citizens' access to nature.
翻译：政府应该优先保护它们，以确保公民能够接触大自然。
分析：本句运用了动词不定式短语to ensure citizens' access to nature作目的状语。
【解答】 Urban green spaces enhance city life，but rapid urbanization threatens their preservation.（要点一：城市化威胁着绿地）Cutting maintenance funding and replacing green spaces with commercial buildings are short﹣sighted，which ignore their long﹣term benefits like combating climate change and supporting biodiversity.【高分句型一】（要点二：削减维护资金和用商业建筑取代绿色空间是短视的）Some cities have shown parks' benefits for recreation and social life.（要点三：公园对娱乐和社交生活的好处）Governments should prioritize their preservation to ensure citizens' access to nature.【高分句型二】（要点四：政府应该优先保护公园）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
4．（2025 普陀区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Is It a Man or a Woman？
As technologies become more human﹣like，there's been a push to make them genderless.However，Stanford's Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways.While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it，Martin's research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products.
In her latest research，participants were asked to rate their attachment to male，female and genderless versions of a self﹣driving car named "Miuu." Martin found that gender increased users' feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it.For example，participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless "Miuu" than ones with male or female voices.These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty.
While gendering products may be good marketing，it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity.The qualities commonly associated with men，such as competitiveness and dominance，are more valued than those associated with women. "In leadership domains，those are the qualities we want in our leaders，whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate，" Martin says.She notes that these qualities，in turn，are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.For example，male voice assistants "got things done" and "found the information quickly"，whereas female voice assistants were described as "helpful".
Yet Martin's study also found that creating a gender﹣neutral object was difficult.For instance，if an object's name was meant to sound gender﹣neutral，like Miuu，participants would still assign a gender to it —they would assume Miuu was a "he" or "she".
However，Martin sees a silver lining：she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes，like how women in leadership change perceptions.She hopes future research explores how to increase people's attachment to objects without relying on gender norms.
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【答案】 Despite efforts to create genderless technology，Martin's research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities，enhancing emotional connection and purchase.However，this strengthens the prejudices，with male traits viewed as more powerful and it's difficult to make gender﹣neutral products.Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，Martin的研究表明，尽管人们在努力创造无性别的科技产品，但人们仍然会赋予并偏爱带有性别特征的产品，从而加强情感联系和购买。然而，这加强了偏见，男性特征被认为更强大，很难制造出中性的产品。Martin建议用人性化来挑战观念，重塑社会对性别的看法。
高分句型一：Despite efforts to create genderless technology，Martin's research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities，enhancing emotional connection and purchase.
译文：尽管人们努力创造无性别技术，但马丁的研究表明，人们仍然分配和喜欢性别化的品质，从而增强情感联系和购买。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语enhancing emotional connection and purchase作状语。
高分句型二：However，this strengthens the prejudices，with male traits viewed as more powerful and it's difficult to make gender﹣neutral products.
译文：然而，这加剧了偏见，男性特征被视为更强大，很难制造出性别中立的产品。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构。
【解答】 Despite efforts to create genderless technology，Martin's research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities，enhancing emotional connection and purchase.【高分句型一】（人们喜欢带有性别特征的产品的原因）However，this strengthens the prejudices，with male traits viewed as more powerful and it's difficult to make gender﹣neutral products.【高分句型二】（这样会带来偏见）Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society.（Martin的建议）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
5．（2025 静安区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Are iconic skyscrapers making cites look all the same？
Everywhere one ventures in cities，skyscrapers are being built or planned.Even Paris is getting one such high building.The French capital recently backed plans for a 180﹣metre﹣high triangular tower by Herzog & de Meuron of Switzerland，its first in four decades.
Today，there is plenty of work to go around for any global"starchitect"who can produce an iconic museum，office or residential tower from London to Dubai.Every huge global city，together with many a second or third level one，wants to put itself on the map with an iconic tower，or several.This creates plenty of strange shapes on the skyline.A firm of architects in Melbourne has just released plans for a 68﹣storey apartment and hotel block inspired by the fabric﹣covered dancers in a dance video.
Such expressions of architectural individuality have the unexpected effect.Cities look more and more like each other.Once upon a time，Chicago and New York were modern skyscraper cities，while European capitals such as Paris and London had antique streetscapes.Now，many are turning to cities sharing one face.
This worries designers.Moshe Safdie，the architect who has designed towers in various cities，says some skyscrapers are"objectified，branded trips"that are more like giant sculptures than buildings forming parts of a public space.Many cities are filled with these boring dashing towers intended to attract attention rather than to respond to the local setting.
Fortunately，accompanying today's clients with high tastes come impressive new designs.Take the cities' rising forces﹣media and technology companies as an example.They do not appreciate those shiny tall buildings but expect something smarter.The pioneer of this trend in New York was Frank Gehry's curvy building，and some architects say such buildings must accommodate diversity.An odd flashy shape does not make the cut.For better or worse，this is the era of tailored command，with clients controlling the design of their own towers.
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【答案】 Skyscrapers are being built worldwide ，even in Paris.Global cities and others want iconic towers ，leading to strange ﹣ shaped buildings .However ，this architectural individuality makes cities look alike ，worrying designers like Moshe Safdie ，who think some skyscrapers are more like sculptures than functional buildings .
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上各个国家的奇形怪状的标志性的摩天楼。
高分句型一：Global cities and others want iconic towers ，leading to strange ﹣ shaped buildings .
翻译：全球的城市和其他的城市都想要标志性的塔，结果导致了奇怪形状的建筑物。
分析：用了leading to现在分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：However ，this architectural individuality makes cities look alike ，worrying designers like Moshe Safdie ，who think some skyscrapers are more like sculptures than functional buildings .
翻译：然而，这种建筑风格的单一性使得城市看起来千篇一律，这让像 Moshe Safdie 这样的设计师感到担忧，他们认为一些摩天大楼更像是雕塑，而非功能性建筑。
分析：用了who引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解答】 Skyscrapers are being built worldwide，even in Paris.Global cities and others want iconic towers，leading to strange﹣shaped buildings.【高分句型一】However，this architectural individuality makes cities look alike，worrying designers like Moshe Safdie，who think some skyscrapers are more like sculptures than functional buildings.【高分句型二】（标志性的奇怪形状的建筑物摩天大楼有各种功能）
【点评】概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
6．（2025 奉贤区二模）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Noise﹣Cancelling Headphones：A Double﹣Edged Sword for Hearing？
They are prized for making the daily trip more bearable and creating a barrier against the noise of daily life.But some specialists suspect that overusing the noise﹣cancelling headphones which constantly blocking out background noise may have unintended consequences.
Renee Almeida，an adult audiology clinical lead at Imperial College healthcare NHS trust，has seen an increase in adults coming to her clinic with hearing issues only for tests to suggest their hearing is fine.The problem is with their brain，not their cars.They might fail to locate where a sound is coming from，or struggle to follow a conversation on the train，in a bar or at a restaurant.The condition，known as auditory processing disorder，is often diagnosed in children，so the rise in adults with similar issues struck Almcida as odd.Almeida suspects prolonged headphone use，which limits the brain's exposure to multiple sounds，might be responsible.
"Normally，our brains sort thousands of sounds and prioritize important ones，"Almeida explains."But noise﹣cancelling headphones deliver only one sound source—music or podcasts—depriving the brain of practice in distinguishing speech from background noise."
However，for Harvey Dillon，a professor of auditory science at the University of Manchester，Almcida's idea is an assumption yet to be tested."There is no research investigating the link between the use of noise﹣cancelling headphones and reduced auditory processing ability，"he says.He cautions that loud music can damage neurons（神经元） in the auditory

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