资源简介 Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)必修第三册高二英语下学期期末复习一、学习目标整合知识目标 Master key vocabulary and grammar about self-introduction and relationships. Understand text types like essays and dialogues.能力目标 Improve skills in analyzing, expressing opinions, and communicating in English; enhance reading and writing through text study.情感目标 Enhance self-awareness, respect individual differences, and develop positive attitudes towards cultural diversity.二、思维导图回顾知识三、重难知识易混易错过去分词作状语一、过去分词作状语的基本用法1. 过去分词作状语的功能过去分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的,有时先于谓语动词的动作发生;其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Completed last month, the bridge now facilitates daily traffic.这座桥上个月完工,现在为日常交通提供了便利。2. 过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语时,可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句,作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。3. 过去分词作状语的位置过去分词作状语时,通常放在句首或句末,有时也可放在句中。状语类型 例句原因 Surprised by the news, she couldn’t say a word. 因为被这个消息震惊到,她一句话都说不出来。条件 Given proper guidance, students can achieve better results. 如果给予适当指导,学生们能取得更好的成绩。让步 Though defeated in the match, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管在比赛中失利,他并未灰心。时间 After warned about the danger, they still decided to go ahead. 在被警告有危险后,他们仍然决定继续进行。方式 The singer performed on stage, accompanied by a live band. 这位歌手在现场乐队的伴奏下登台表演。伴随 The teacher left the classroom, followed by a group of students. 老师离开教室,一群学生跟在后面。二、过去分词作状语的注意事项1. 过去分词作状语时,有时为了强调,前面可带有连词,如:when, while, if, though, as if, unless等,构成 “连词+过去分词”结构,以使句意表达得更清楚。2. 过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致(现在分词作状语同样如此),否则需加上自己的主语,构成独立主格结构。Fascinated by the story, she read it all night.她被这个故事迷住了,整晚都在阅读。(fascinate的逻辑主语是she)He sat in the corner, his hands folded in front of him.他坐在角落里,双手交叉放在身前。(his hands...him为独立主格结构,fold的逻辑主语是his hands)3. 有些形容词化的过去分词,作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost(迷失的),seated(坐下来的),hidden(隐藏的),lost/absorbed in(沉浸于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦)等。Lost in thought, he almost missed his stop.他陷入沉思,差点坐过站。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别语法 逻辑关系 时间概念过去分词作状语 过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,即表被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前,或表示“一种状态”,与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。现在分词作状语 现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,即表主动 现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生;现在分词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。练习:1.______ (aim) at children aged 8 to 14, this magazine is a great choice for leaning and fun.2.______ (give) a push, an object will move forward and do work.3.______ (select) for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.4.Everything ______ (take) into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.5.______ (surround) by a great many trees, the modern tall building is the newly-built stadium of our school.6.______ (cover) with thick snow, the mountains look like a silver world.7.Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, ______ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.8.When ______ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.9.______ (compare) to private cars, public buses are more friendly to the environment.10.______ (determine) to get a ticket for the concert, George has been standing in a queue for two hours.四、核心素养对接高考1. 【2025年江苏模拟】Having few or no friends is becoming an increasing concern for some people. “It is ①_____ (extreme) common to experience a lack of friendships. Many people feel like they don’t have friends or that others don’t understand them,” says Jessica Ermilio, a psychologist at Humantold.According to Ermilio, there are many reasons why someone might struggle to make friends. Some people fear to get in touch ②_____ other people because they feel nervous or uncertain about themselves. Some people avoid making friends because they’re afraid of the ③_____ (difficulty) that come with making friends. Other factors ④_____ might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social ⑤_____ (anxious) disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends.In fact, creating meaningful friendships ⑥_____ (require) time. According to a study by researchers at the University of Kansas, a relationship takes about 50 hours together in the ⑦_____ (share) activities to shift from just acquaintances (相识) to casual friends. The study found that it took more than 200 hours for a person ⑧_____ (consider) as a close friend. So be patient with making friends.The researchers also found the best friendship-building hours are those spent ⑨_____ (carry) out enjoyable activities, whether it’s just hanging out ⑩_____ playing games. So, if you want to form more meaningful friendships with your coworkers, spend time together outside of work with them in social activities.2. 【2022年贵州遵义模拟】The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more convenient. You can stay in touch ①_____ friends no matter where you are or ②_____ you are doing. You can be in contact at home and also when you are on the move, ③_____ (use) a smartphone, a tablet or a computer. Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. We all know that ④_____ (tradition) ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting and take time. ⑤_____, you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. You can give a brief response to a message with an emoji or a picture. There are so many online tools you can use ⑥_____ (be) creative! Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. Nowadays, your friends are just a click away. Whenever someone ⑦_____ ( need) help, friends from all over the world can ⑧_____ (immediate) provide useful suggestions or information. This makes friends feel ⑨_____ (love) and cared for. To me, this is a very thought-provoking argument, as it points out the ⑩_____ (benefit) of online friendships. As Eileen Kennedy-Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real-life friends can’t”.答案以及解析三、1.答案:Aimed解析:句意为:这本杂志的目标群体是8到14岁的孩子,它是一个很好的学习和娱乐的选择。aim sth at sb为固定搭配,意为“某物的目标对象是某人”。设空处在句中作状语,应用非谓语形式,aim与 this magazine之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填Aimed。2.答案:Given解析:句意为:施加一个推力,物体就会向前移动并做功。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,此处应为非谓语动词短语作状语;give与其逻辑主语an object之间为被动关系,表示“物体被施加推力”,故用过去分词形式。故填Given。3.答案:Selected解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:2009 年被选入美国职业篮球联赛(NBA)后,斯蒂芬加入了金州勇士队。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词 “joined”,所以 “select” 要用非谓语形式。“Stephen” 和 “select” 之间是被动关系,即 “斯蒂芬被选入 NBA”,所以用过去分词作状语,表时间或原因。“select” 的过去分词是 “Selected”。故填 Selected。4.答案:taken解析:因为本题两部分之间没有连词,所以使用独立主格结构;be和它的逻辑主语everything之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词表示被动完成;两者一起构成独立主格形式,在句中做状语,表示原因。本句可以翻译为:一切都被考虑在内,他们更加相信自己返回自己的岗位。故填taken。5.答案:Surrounded解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这座现代化的高楼是我们学校新建的体育场,周围有许多树。句中有谓语且前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作状语,主语the modern tall building和动词surround是被动关系应用非谓语动词作状语,句首单词首字母大写,故填Surrounded。6.答案:Covered解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:被厚厚的雪覆盖着,这些山看起来像一个银色的世界。the mountains和cover之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词covered作状语,可置于句首。故填Covered。7.答案:followed解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行,随后玉兔号月球车被送往月球研究其表面。空处需要非谓语动词作状语,该动词和其逻辑主语“Shenzhou 6 and 7”之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。故填followed。8.答案:completed解析:考查省略句和过去分词。句意:博物馆建成后,将于明年向公众开放。When ______ (complete)不是句子,complete作非谓语使用,与后面的museum是逻辑动宾关系,用过去分词表被动意义,做状语,还原句子为When (it is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year,本句是状语从句的省略。故填completed。9.答案:Compared解析:句意为:与私家车相比,公共汽车对环境更加友好。分析句子结构可知,设空处为非谓语形式作状语,compare和主语 public buses之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故使用其过去分词形式。故填Compared。10.答案:Determined解析:句意为:决心买到一张音乐会的门票, 乔治已经排队站了两个小时了。be determined to do sth 意为“决心做某事”,表示心理状态。设空处应填形容词化的过去分词 determined, 作状语, 表示主语的状态, 故填 Determined。四、1. 答案:extremely; with; difficulties; that/which; anxiety; requires; shared; to be considered; carrying; or解析:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们交友困难的原因及建立友谊所需时间。①考查副词。句意:经历缺乏友谊是极其常见的。本空修饰形容词common,作状语,用副词extremely“极其”。故填extremely。②考查介词。句意:有些人害怕与他人接触,因为他们对自己感到紧张或不确定。get in touch with sb.是固定短语,表示“与某人接触”。故填with。③考查名词的数。句意:有些人避免交朋友,因为他们害怕交朋友带来的困难。difficulty在此处表示“困难的事”,是可数名词。且that引导的定语从句中,that代替本空的单词作从句主语,谓语用原形come可知,此处应用复数形式,表示不止一个困难的事。故填difficulties。④考查定语从句。句意:其他可能使人们更难交朋友的因素包括患有社交焦虑症、喜欢独处或不知道去哪里寻找新朋友。本空引导定语从句,修饰先行词factors,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,指物,用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。⑤考查名词。句意同上。social anxiety disorder为固定短语,意为“社交焦虑症”,此处用名词 anxiety“焦虑”,作定语修饰disorder。故填anxiety。⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意:事实上,建立有意义的友谊需要时间。本句陈述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语为动名词短语creating meaningful friendships,谓语动词用require“需要”的第三人称单数形式。故填requires。⑦考查形容词。句意:根据堪萨斯大学研究人员的一项研究,一段关系需要在共享活动中相处大约50个小时,才能从仅仅是熟人转变为普通朋友。此处修饰名词activities,用形容词shared“共享的”,作定语。故填shared。⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:研究发现,一个人要被认为是亲密的朋友需要超过200个小时。it takes some time for sb. to do sth.是固定句型,表示“某人做某事需要一些时间”,其中it为形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,且person与consider“认为”之间是被动关系,用不定式的被动式to be considered。故填to be considered。⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:研究人员还发现,建立友谊的最佳时间是那些进行愉快活动的时间,无论是闲逛还是玩游戏。carry out“进行”。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定短语,表示“花费时间做某事”,本空用carry的动名词carrying,作宾语。故填carrying。⑩考查固定搭配。句意同上。whether...or...是固定搭配,表示“无论是……还是……”。故填or。2. 答案:with; what; using; traditional; However; to be; needs; immediately; loved; benefits解析: 这是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面讲述了互联网对维持友谊的益处。①考查介词。句意:无论你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持联系。stay in touch with…“和……保持联系”,是固定短语,故填with。②考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持联系。结合句意可知,此处表示“无论你在哪里,在做什么”,应用no matter what,故填what。③考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以在家里,也可以在外面使用智能手机、平板电脑或电脑与他们联系。动词use与逻辑主语You之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填using。④考查形容词。句意:我们都知道,传统的沟通方式,比如信件和电话,可能会有限制,需要时间。空处应填形容词,作定语,修饰名词ways,traditional传统的。故填traditional。⑤考查副词。句意:然而,你可以在线与朋友共享照片、视频、新闻故事和网站。上文是讲述传统交流方式的局限性,本句是讲述互联网的便捷,上下文是转折关系,应用副词however,首字母应大写。故填However。⑥考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以使用这么多的在线工具,让交流变得有创意!结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式,作目的状语。故填to be。⑦考查时态和主谓一致。句意:无论何时有人需要帮助,来自世界各地的朋友可以立即提供有用的建议或信息。句子是描述事实,应用一般现在时,主语是不定代词someone,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填needs。⑧考查副词。句意:无论何时有人需要帮助,来自世界各地的朋友可以立即提供有用的建议或信息。修饰动词provide,应用副词形式。故填immediately。⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:这能让朋友感觉被爱和被关心。动词love和friends之间是动宾关系,此处应用过去分词,表示被动,和cared保持一致。故填loved。⑩考查名词复数。句意:对我来说,这非常发人深省,因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。benefit“好处,益处”,是可数名词,此处应用复数形式。故填benefits。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览