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Unit 3 The world of science 学案（含答案）—外研版（2019）必修第三册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to scientific research, interviews, and biographies. Identify and summarise the forms and functions of present perfect passive.
能力目标 Enhance students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in English, and understand complex information about scientific figures and research.
情感目标 Develop an interest in science and respect for scientists, and cultivate qualities like curiosity, innovation, and perseverance.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
现在完成时的被动语态
一、构成
肯定式 　主语+have/has been done…
否定式 　主语+have/has not been done…
一般疑问式 　Have/Has+主语+been done…
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done…
二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法
1. 表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去)，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，recently，just等时间状语连用。如：
The letter has been sent. 信已经寄出去了。(结果是现在信处于已寄出的状态)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long… ”句式中。如：
①The old building has been protected for ten years.
这栋古老的建筑已被保护了十年。
②The festival has been prepared since last month.
这个节日从上个月起就开始筹备了。
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.现在完成时的被动语态中包含have/has和been，两者缺一不可。
2.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如：
①The child has been well taken care of.
这个孩子一直被照顾得很好。
②Recently the traffic issues have been paid close attention to.
近来，交通问题已经得到了密切关注。
3.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态表示被动的动作发生在过去的某个时刻，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
①The laptop has been repaired by the technician.
我的笔记本电脑已经被技术员修好了。(与现在有关：现在电脑可以使用了)
②The laptop was repaired by the technician.
我的笔记本电脑被技术员修好了。(与现在无关：只是曾经发生过这样的事情，不能判断电脑现在是否还能使用)
练习：
1.In the past 10 years, this book ______ (make) into different adaptations.
2.The moon landing was of great ______ (significant) in the advancement of space exploration.
3.As a father, nothing has made him more proud than the fact that three of his four children ______ (admit) into Peking University.
4.This gives the team the support and ______ (flexible) they need to accomplish satisfying results.
5.Every possible means ______ (use) to prevent the crash, but the computer still doesn’t work.
6.She reads the ______ (declare) aloud so that everyone can hear it clearly.
7.Since the project started, nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs ______ (produce).
8.To our great relief, the plan ______ (draft) by our team won the approval of all judges.
9.Dozens of gates ______ (build) to hold back the sea in the past few years.
10.The Chinese invented block printing more than 1,000 years ago. The ______ (origin) characters were carved on wood and ink was then applied.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2024年广东江苏真题】
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ①_____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ②_____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ③_____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ④_____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ⑤_____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ⑥_____ first time. These plants included modern Western ⑦_____ (favorite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ⑧_____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ⑨_____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ⑩_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
2. 【2025年贵州模拟】
DeepSeek has recently made significant progress in AI reasoning through enhanced learning, ①_____ (pioneer) a new direction for AI. By using an open-source approach, Chinese ②_____ (innovate) have broken the technological barriers of global leaders like OpenAI. This breakthrough is not only a technological leap for Chinese AI companies ③_____ narrows the gap in AI capabilities, removing concerns over chip limitations.
The global competition for large models has entered a critical stage. Thanks to its diverse industries and development environments, China has ④_____ unique advantage in using large models ⑤_____ (power) a new industrial revolution. The year 2025 will be the year of AI applications, with the key to success lying in seizing the opportunities ⑥_____ (create) by DeepSeek.
Based on DeepSeek’s capabilities, breakthroughs can be achieved in many fields. Large models will lead, without doubt, ⑦_____ “universal intelligence” for all. Given DeepSeek’s open-source and low-cost features, individuals can now own large models and become “super individuals”. As AI transforms smart hardware, and large models shrink in size, AI devices — from smart-connected cars to ⑧_____ (person) computers and mobile phones — will become the standard. DeepSeek’s strong inference model can help users take advantage of professional knowledge in scientific fields for enhanced learning, ⑨_____ develops specialized scientific models. Large models, like DeepSeek, are changing how fundamental scientific problems ⑩_____ (study) and addressing issues such as energy development.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：has been made
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，这本书被改编成不同的版本。由时间状语in the past 10 years可知，句子需要用现在完成时，book为主语，因其是改编的对象，与make之间是被动关系，需要使用被动语态，主语是book，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been made。
2.答案：significance
解析：考查名词。句意：登月对太空探索的发展具有重要意义。根据空前介词of 和形容词great可知，本空应用名词形式。be of great significance意为“具有重大意义的”。故填significance。
3.答案：have been admitted
解析：句子主语“three of his four children”与“admit”应是被动关系，即被北大录取。从语境看，强调过去到现在，需用现在完成时被动语态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，主语复数，故填have been admitted。
4.答案：flexibility
解析：句意为:这为团队提供了实现令人满意的结果所需要的支持和灵活性。此处应用名词作 gives的直接宾语,表示“灵活性”,与support并列,故填 flexibility。
5.答案：has been used
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:为了阻止电脑死机,所有可能的办法都用过了,但是这台电脑仍无法工作。根据句意可知,此处表示过去发生的动作产生的结果,着眼点在现在,故空处应用现在完成时;use与 means 为被动关系。故应用被动语态;means为单复数同形的名词,由限定词 Every 可知此处的means为单数形式,故谓语动词应用单数。故填has been used。
6.答案：declaration
解析：考查名词。句意:她大声读宣言,以便每个人都能听清楚。定冠词the后应用名词。declaration 意为“宣告”。故填declaration。
7.答案：have been produced
解析：句意为:自项目启动以来,已经制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。根据时间状语从句Since the project started可知,主句应用现在完成时;主句主语photographs与produce之间为被动关系,所以应用被动语态。主句主语为复数,谓语应用复数形式。故填have been produced。
8.答案：drafted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们十分宽慰的是,我们团队起草的计划赢得了所有评委的赞许。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词plan,被修饰名词plan和动词draft之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。故填drafted。
9.答案：have been built
解析：句意为:在过去的几年间,几十个闸门已经被建起,用来阻挡海水。根据时间状语in the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时;gates与build之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been built。
10.答案：original
解析：句意为:早在1,000 多年前,中国人就发明了雕版印刷。最初的文字被刻在木头上然后涂上墨水。设空处在句中作定语,修饰名词characters,应用形容词形式,意为“最初的,原来的”,故填original。
四、
1. 答案：engineering; functional; to give; closed; walks; the; favorites; as; which/that; richness
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
①考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。
②考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。
④考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
⑥考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
⑦考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
⑧考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
⑩考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
2. 答案：pioneering; innovators; but; a; to power; created; to; personal; which; are studied
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了DeepSeek在AI推理领域的突破性进展及其对中国人工智能产业发展的影响。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：DeepSeek最近通过强化学习在人工智能推理方面取得了重大进展，为人工智能开辟了一个新的方向。本句已有谓语动词has made，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，DeepSeek和pioneer“开创”为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填pioneering。
②考查名词。句意：通过采用开源的方法，中国的创新者打破了像OpenAI这样的全球领导者的技术壁垒。空处作句子的主语，需填指人的名词innovator“创新者”，结合谓语动词have broken可知，主语为名词复数形式。故填innovators。
③考查连词。句意：这一突破不仅是中国人工智能公司的技术飞跃，而且缩小了人工智能能力的差距，消除了对芯片限制的担忧。not only...but (also)...为固定短语，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
④考查冠词。句意：由于其多样化的产业和发展环境，中国在使用大型模型推动新一轮工业革命方面具有独特优势。advantage为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个独特的优势”，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意同上。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to power。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年将是人工智能应用的一年，成功的关键在于抓住DeepSeek创造的机会。句子已有谓语动词will be，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词opportunities，opportunities与create之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填created。
⑦考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，大型模型将引领所有人走向“通用智能”。lead to为固定短语，意为“导致；通向”。故填to。
⑧考查形容词。句意：随着人工智能改变智能硬件，大型模型的规模缩小，从智能联网汽车到个人电脑和手机，人工智能设备将成为标准。空处修饰名词computers，需用形容词personal“个人的，私人的”作定语。故填personal。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：DeepSeek强大的推理模型可以帮助用户利用科学领域的专业知识进行深入学习，从而开发专门的科学模型。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
⑩考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：像DeepSeek这样的大型模型正在改变基础科学问题的研究方式，并解决能源开发等问题。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语fundamental scientific problems和study为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are studied。

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