资源简介 Unit 6 Disaster and hope 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)必修第三册高二英语下学期期末复习一、学习目标整合知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to natural disasters and weather. Understand and master the key usages of the Ellipsis.能力目标 Improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.情感目标 Develop a sense of awareness and responsibility towards natural disasters. Cultivate a positive attitude towards learning about nature, and enhance their critical thinking and self - reflection abilities.二、思维导图回顾知识三、重难知识易混易错省略一、状语从句中的省略在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时,从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.在她很小的时候,她就开始学弹钢琴。When (he was) a child, he showed great interest in astronomy.在他还是个孩子的时候,就对天文学表现出浓厚的兴趣。Don't leave the room unless (you are) permitted.未经允许,不要离开房间。She acted as (she was) instructed.她按照指示行动。While (they were) exhausted, they still finished the project on time.尽管他们疲惫不堪,但还是按时完成了项目。二、动词不定式的省略1.感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式时,不定式省略to。The teacher let the students discuss the problem freely.老师让学生们自由讨论这个问题。2.do nothing but, can't help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。We could do nothing but wait for the rescue team.我们除了等待救援队,什么也做不了。3.在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时要保留be和have。She wants to travel around the world, but her parents don't want her to.她想环游世界,但她父母不希望她这么做。—Will you be a volunteer —— 你会成为一名志愿者吗?—Yes, I'd love to be (a volunteer). —— 是的,我很乐意。三、简单句中的省略感叹句中常省略主语和谓语;在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。What a beautiful view (it is)! 多美的景色啊!How amazing (it is)! 太神奇了!(Do you) Need any help 你需要帮忙吗?We have no choice but keep moving forward.我们别无选择,只能继续前进。Why (are you) so angry 你为什么这么生气?四、并列句中的省略1.如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。2.主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则两者均可以省略。3.主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语。4.在并列复合句中,如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时,这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。Tom was reading a novel and Jerry (was) writing a report.汤姆在看小说,杰瑞在写报告。She tried to lose weight, but (she) failed to do so.她努力减肥,但没有成功。五、常用的省略结构if any如果有的话if ever如果有过的话if possible如果可能的话if so如果那样的话if not如果不的话if necessary如果必要的话练习:1.Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if ______ (destroy).2.______ (stare) at the small jar, I remembered the true friend Tom I met at my uncle’s.3.Once ______ (encourage), he will have confidence to overcome the difficulties.4.Some parents want to shelter their kids ______ every kind of danger, real or imagined.5.Though ______ (ask) to stop, he didn't listen and kept on working.6.This smart keyboard ______ (precise) measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.7.Its walls were painted fresh as if ______ (paint) yesterday.8.The new regulation will apply to everyone without ______ (except).9.Some medicine, if wrongly ______ (take), can kill a person.10.Some think graffiti is a crime if ______ (do) without a property owner’s permission.四、核心素养对接高考1. 【2025年湖北模拟】On December 30, 2021, a fast-moving wildfire in Superior, Colorado, ①_____ (destroy) Melanie Glover’s home and nearly 1,000 others. The pain of losing everything was great, but Glover was determined to rebuild ②_____ (use) earth blocks — a material used for thousands of years.Earthen construction, with a rich history in regions like northern China, has long provided fire-resistant, temperature-regulating homes, ③_____ (evidence) by China’s ancient underground cave homes and mud-brick houses with natural materials. Due to modern construction methods, earthen homes have become ④_____ (popular) in the US. However, early research suggests that earth blocks consistently survive fire and can harden under heat. For instance, in 2020, ⑤_____ the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love’s earth home remained untouched while the ⑥_____ (surround) land burned.Despite ⑦_____ (view) as a sustainable solution by homeowners like Glover, who combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern fire-resistance needs, building with earth remains ⑧_____ challenge due to its labor-intensive process and limited familiarity in mainstream construction. Glover’s rebuilding project required careful management, highlighting the broader challenges in promoting sustainable ⑨_____ (alternative).Earthen architecture, which bridges ancient wisdom with modern crises, draws on China’s Neolithic (新石器时代) innovations ⑩_____, through its rebirth, effortlessly integrates traditional knowledge with sustainable strategies to address the pressing environmental challenges of today.2. 【2025年山东聊城模拟】In the Nazirpur subdistrict, located in Bangladesh’s riverine district of Pirojpur, solving the harmful consequences of flood was found ①_____ (challenge). Over the past 25 years, 45-year-old farmer Mohammad Kawsar Mia, ②_____ (follow) the traditions of his ancestors, has practiced “floating cultivation (漂浮耕作)”, ③_____ method that is valuable for numerous families in these flood regions.In these areas ④_____ flood lasts for eight to ten months annually, farmers have difficulty in practicing traditional farming on solid ground. ⑤_____ response, farmers, such as Mia, have made floating beds using water plants. With these beds, they can grow a variety of crops, such as eggplants and leafy vegetables. The amazing farming technique is passed down from one generation to the next without ⑥_____ (interrupt), helping to relieve the poverty of local families.With the rainy season becoming ⑦_____ (increase) unstable, floating agriculture has been gaining importance. At this time of year, 75% of the country’s surface area ⑧_____ (flood), which makes techniques like floating cultivation crucial ⑨_____ (achieve) food security.Additionally, the government’s support, if properly ⑩_____ (manage), will further boost this sustainable practice.答案以及解析三、1.答案:destroyed解析:考查状语从句的省略。句意:如果神经细胞被破坏,它们的恢复能力有限。分析句子可知,此处是if省略句,省略主语nerve cells和be动词,nerve cells和destroy之间是被动关系,因此需使用过去分词表示被动。故填destroyed。2.答案:Staring解析:句意为:盯着这个小罐子,我想起了在我叔叔家遇见的真朋友汤姆。句子谓语为remembered,且与设空处之间无连词连接,故设空处应用非谓语动词作状语, stare和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词形式。设空处位于句首,故填 Staring。3.答案:encouraged解析:考查省略句。句意: 一旦受到鼓励, 他就会有克服困难的信心。once引导的从句应该为“Once he is encouraged”, 此处省略了he is, 故填encouraged。4.答案:from解析:句意为: 一些家长想要替孩子挡住所有的危险, 不管是真实的还是想象的。shelter sb from sth 意为“保护/庇护某人免遭……”, 为固定搭配。故填from。5.答案:asked解析:句意为: 虽然被要求停下来, 但他不听, 继续工作。分析句子结构可知, 前半句为省略了主语和 be 动词的状语从句, he 和 ask 之间是被动关系, 所以设空处应填 asked, 状语从句可还原为 Though he was asked to stop。故填asked。6.答案:precisely解析:句意为:这个智能键盘精确地测量一个人打字的节奏和手指施加在每个按键上的压力。设空处修饰动词 measures,应该使用副词。故填 precisely。7.答案:painted解析:考查状语从句的省略。句意:它的墙壁焕然一新,仿佛昨天粉刷过一样。as if引导状语从句时,从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句谓语含有be动词时,可以把从句主语和be省略。根据句意,as if引导的从句完整表达是:as if the walls were painted yesterday,省略后则为:as if painted yesterday,故填painted。8.答案:exception解析:句意为: 这条新规定将无一例外地适用于每个人。设空处前有介词 without, 应用名词形式。without exception 为固定短语, 意为“无一例外”。故填exception。9.答案:taken解析:句意为:一些药, 如果服用不当,可能会致命。分析句子结构可知, 本句为状语从句的省略, 完整从句为 if some medicine is wrongly taken, 此处省略了主语和 be 动词。故填 taken。10.答案:done解析:考查状语从句的省略。句意:有些人认为未经业主允许涂鸦是犯罪行为。空处为状语从句的省略,还原后为if graffiti is done,省略了 graffiti is 。故填done。四、1. 答案:destroyed; using; evidenced; less popular; when; surrounding; being viewed; a; alternatives; and解析:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2021年12月30日科罗拉多州苏必利尔镇的野火摧毁了梅兰妮·格洛弗的家及近 1000 所其他房屋,格洛弗决心用土坯重建房屋。①考查时态。句意:2021年12月30日,科罗拉多州苏必利尔镇一场迅速蔓延的野火摧毁了梅兰妮 格洛弗的家以及近1000所其他房屋。空处为句子谓语,根据时间状语“On December 30, 2021”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时。故填destroyed。②考查非谓语动词。句意:失去一切的痛苦巨大,但格洛弗决心使用土坯重建房屋——土坯是一种已经被使用了数千年的材料。句中已有谓语动词was determined,此处应为非谓语动词作状语,use与句子主语Glover之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。③考查非谓语动词。句意:土坯建筑在中国北方等地区有着悠久的历史,长期以来一直提供了防火、调节温度的房屋,中国古代的地下洞穴房屋以及由天然材料建造的泥砖房屋就证明了这一点。此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语,evidence与句子主语Earthen construction之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式。故填evidenced。④考查形容词比较级。句意:由于现代建筑方法,土筑房屋在美国变得不太流行。此处应为形容词作表语,根据上下文,由于现代建筑方法的出现,土筑房屋在美国应该是变得没有那么流行了,所以用比较级less popular。故填less popular。⑤考查定语从句。句意:例如,2020年,当山猫大火袭击加州时,斯蒂维·洛夫的土坯房完好无损,而周围的土地却被烧毁。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为in 2020,从句中缺少时间状语,所以使用关系副词when引导。故填when。⑥考查形容词。句意:2020年,当山猫大火袭击加利福尼亚州时,史蒂维·洛夫的土筑房屋完好无损,而周围的土地却被烧毁了。空处为形容词作定语修饰名词land,surround的形容词为surrounding。故填surrounding。⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管像格洛弗这样将中国传统技术与现代防火需求相结合的房主将土筑房屋视为一种可持续的解决方案,但由于其建造过程劳动强度大且在主流建筑中人们对其熟悉度有限,使用土来建造房屋仍然是一个挑战。despite为介词,后面接动名词作宾语,view与句子主语building with earth之间为被动关系,所以使用动名词的被动式being done。故填being viewed。⑧考查冠词。句意:尽管像格洛弗这样将中国传统技术与现代防火需求相结合的房主将土筑房屋视为一种可持续的解决方案,但由于其建造过程劳动强度大且在主流建筑中人们对其熟悉度有限,使用土来建造房屋仍然是一个挑战。challenge为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且challenge发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。⑨考查名词。句意:格洛弗的重建项目需要精心管理,这凸显了推广可持续替代方案所面临的更广泛挑战。空处为名词作宾语,此处表示泛指,alternative是可数名词,且没有冠词限定,需填名词复数形式。故填alternatives。⑩考查连词。句意:土坯建筑将古代智慧与现代危机相连接,借鉴中国新石器时代的创新成果,并且通过其重生,毫不费力地将传统知识与可持续策略相结合,以应对当今紧迫的环境挑战。bridges与integrates为并列谓语,所以使用并列连词and连接。故填and。2. 答案:challenging; following; a; where; In; interruption; increasingly; is flooded; to achieve; managed解析:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了孟加拉国纳齐尔布尔分区农民采用漂浮耕作应对洪水影响。①考查形容词。句意:在位于孟加拉国河流区皮罗杰布尔的纳齐尔布尔分区,人们发现解决洪水的有害后果具有挑战性。此处作主语补足语,表示“有挑战性的”,应用形容词challenging。故填challenging。②考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的25年里,45岁的农民穆罕默德·考萨尔·米娅遵循祖先的传统,一直从事“漂浮耕作”,这是一种对这些洪水地区的众多家庭都很有价值的方法。句中已有谓语动词has practiced,所以此处用非谓语动词。farmer Mohammad Kawsar Mia与follow“遵循”之间是主动关系,用现在分词following,作伴随状语。故填following。③考查冠词。句意:在过去的25年里,45岁的农民穆罕默德·考萨尔·米娅遵循祖先的传统,一直从事“漂浮耕作”,这是一种对这些洪水地区的众多家庭都很有价值的方法。此处泛指“一种方法”,且method是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。④考查定语从句。句意:在这些每年洪水持续八到十个月的地区,农民很难在坚实的土地上进行传统耕作。“_____ flood lasts for eight to ten months annually”为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词areas,代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。⑤考查介词。句意:作为回应,像米亚这样的农民用水生植物制作了漂浮床。in response为固定短语,意为“作为回应”,本空用介词in,符合题意,句首单词首字母大写。故填In。⑥考查名词。句意:这种惊人的农业技术代代相传,从未中断,有助于缓解当地家庭的贫困。此处为without的宾语,应用名词interruption“中断”。故填interruption。⑦考查副词。句意:随着雨季变得越来越不稳定,漂浮农业的重要性日益凸显。此处修饰形容词unstable,用副词increasingly“日益,越来越多地”,作状语。故填increasingly。⑧考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:每年这个时候,该国75%的地区都会被洪水淹没,这使得漂浮耕作等技术对于实现粮食安全至关重要。空格处作句子谓语,结合时间状语At this time of year可知,句子描述的是客观事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语75% of the country’s surface area与动词flood“淹没”之间是动宾关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语75% of the country’s surface area不可数,be动词用is。故填is flooded。⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:每年这个时候,该国75%的地区都会被洪水淹没,这使得漂浮耕作等技术对于实现粮食安全至关重要。which引导的定语从句的谓语为makes,所以achieve“实现”要用非谓语动词形式,此处表目的,用不定式。故填to achieve。⑩考查状语从句中的省略。句意:此外,如果管理得当,政府的支持将进一步推动这一可持续做法。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it,且从句含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为if the government’s support is properly managed,省略主语和is,保留过去分词managed。故填managed。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览