Unit 8 Green Living 学案(含答案)—北师大版(2019)必修第三册高一英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 8 Green Living 学案(含答案)—北师大版(2019)必修第三册高一英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 8 Green Living 学案(含答案)—北师大版(2019)必修第三册高一英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to environmental protection and sustainable living. Understand and master the key usages of the forms of -ing and -ed.
能力目标 Improve students’ listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
情感目标 Cultivate environmental awareness and a sense of responsibility towards the planet, inspiring students to take action for a greener world. Foster a positive attitude towards sustainable development, understanding the importance of individual efforts in environmental protection.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
-ing分词和-ed分词
-ing分词(动名词和现在分词)
一、动名词作主语
1. 动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
Traveling broadens one's horizons.
旅行开阔人的视野。
Learning a musical instrument requires patience.
学习乐器需要耐心。
2. 动名词作主语有时也可以用it作形式主语。
用it作形式主语代替动词-ing形式,常出现在以下句式中:
It is no use/ good/ fun/ ...doing sth.
It is useful/ useless doing sth.
It's a waste of time doing sth.
注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的区别:
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作;不定式则通常表示具体的动作。
Reading is a lifelong habit.
阅读是一种终身习惯。(泛指“阅读”这一行为)
To read this book before the exam is essential.
考试前读完这本书很关键。(具体指“读这本书”这一特定动作)
二、动名词作宾语
在有些动词后常接动名词作宾语。介词后也常接动名词作宾语(but 和except 作“除……以外”讲,后接不定式)接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词有:
mind (介意), suggest (建议), enjoy (欣赏), admit (承认), appreciate (感激,欣赏), avoid (避免), delay (推迟), dislike (不喜欢,厌恶), escape (逃脱), finish (完成), forgive (宽恕), imagine (想象), keep (保持), miss (错过), practice (训练), resist (抵抗,抵制), risk (冒险), deny (拒绝,否认), consider (考虑)等。这些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式。
They enjoy hiking in the mountains.
他们喜欢在山里徒步。
She avoids eating fast food.
她避免吃快餐。
三、-ing分词作表语
My job is teaching English to teenagers.
我的工作是教青少年英语。
Their favorite activity is hiking in the countryside.
他们最喜欢的活动是去乡村徒步。
The speech we heard yesterday was inspiring.
我们昨天听的演讲很鼓舞人心。
The new roller coaster is terrifying but thrilling.
新的过山车虽吓人但很刺激。
注意:动名词作表语,表示一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可以互换位置;现在分词作表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类分词常可以看作形容词。
四、现在分词(短语)作定语
Do you have a sleeping bag for the camping trip
(a sleeping bag = a bag which is used for sleeping)
你有露营用的睡袋吗?
The drinking fountain in the lobby provides cold water.
(a drinking fountain = a fountain which is used for drinking)
大厅里的饮水机提供冷水。
The project being discussed now involves environmental protection.
(The project being discussed now = The project which is being discussed now)
现在正在讨论的项目涉及环境保护。
The house standing on the hill belongs to a famous writer.
(The house standing on the hill = The house which stands on the hill)
矗立在山上的那栋房子属于一位著名作家。
注意:现在分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前,表示所修饰的人或物正在进行的动作或状态。现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后,作后置定语。如果现在分词短语与被修饰的名词为被动关系,要使用被动形式。还有不少现在分词和形容词差不多,甚至已成为形容词,如:
an amusing story, a convincing argument, a piece of disappointing news, an exciting film
五、现在分词作宾语补足语
1. 感官动词:see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel
I watched the children playing soccer in the park.
我看着孩子们在公园里踢足球。
She could smell something burning in the kitchen.
她闻到厨房里有东西在燃烧。
2. 表示“使、让”含义的动词:have, make, let, get, leave, keep, set
Don't keep the guests waiting outside in the rain.
别让客人在雨里等太久。
六、现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1. 作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Waiting for the bus, he noticed a stray cat.
= When/While (he was) waiting for the bus, he noticed a stray cat.
等公交时,他注意到一只流浪猫。
注意:
当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2. 作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Not knowing the way, she asked for directions.
= As she didn't know the way, she asked for directions.
因为不认识路,她询问了方向。
3. 作条件状语(一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词)
Staying up late, you may feel tired tomorrow.
= If you stay up late, you may feel tired tomorrow.
如果你熬夜,明天可能会感到疲惫。
4. 作结果状语
作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The heavy rain continued, flooding the streets.
大雨持续下,淹没了街道。
注意:
现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然而然的结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,且其前一般加only。
5. 作让步、方式和伴随状语
作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可以转换成并列句。
He walked along the beach, listening to the waves.
= He walked along the beach and was listening to the waves.
他沿着海滩走,听着海浪声。
注意:
为强调现在分词表达的意义,可以在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when, while强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before, after强调动作先后发生;加上thus强调结果;加上although, though强调让步等。
Although working overtime every day, he failed to meet the deadline.
= Although he worked overtime every day, he failed to meet the deadline.
尽管每天加班,他还是没能按时完成任务。
-ed分词(过去分词)
一、过去分词作定语
1. 意义:及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成
(1)表示被动和完成
a repaired bicycle 修好的自行车
the finished project 完成的项目
(2)只表示完成,不表示被动
a retired athlete 退役运动员
the sunken ship 沉船
2. 位置:单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
The letter written by my friend arrived yesterday.
= The letter which was written by my friend arrived yesterday.
朋友写的信昨天到了。
注意:过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别:
(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
The company developing new technology is located in the city center.
开发新技术的公司位于市中心。
The project discussed at the meeting needs immediate action.
在会议上被讨论的项目需要立即行动。
(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
the changing world 变化着的世界
the changed world 改变了的世界
boiling water沸腾的水
boiled water 开水
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries发达国家
二、过去分词作表语
1. 意义:用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。
He seemed amused by the joke.
他似乎被这个笑话逗笑了。
The audience was fascinated by the performance.
观众被表演深深吸引。
2. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。
The window is closed.
窗户是关着的。
The window was closed by Tom.
窗户被汤姆关上了。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1. 过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语存在着动宾关系,宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
She noticed her car damaged in the parking lot.
她注意到自己的车在停车场被损坏了。
We should get the report printed by tomorrow.
我们应该在明天前把报告打印出来。
2. 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有以下几类:
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语),如see, watch, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。
I saw the children taken to the zoo by their teacher.
我看见孩子们被老师带去了动物园。
She heard her name called from across the street.
她听到街对面有人叫她的名字。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词,如have, make, get, keep, leave等。
They made the students reviewed the lesson twice.
他们让学生把课文复习了两遍。
注意:“have+宾语+过去分词”可以表示三种含义:
① 表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my teeth checked next week.
我下周要去检查牙齿。
② 表示“遭遇某种不幸;受到打击”
He had his phone stolen on the bus.
他在公交车上手机被偷了。
③ 做某事(主语可能参与其中)
She had her garden redesigned last month.
她上个月重新设计了自己的花园。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词,如like, want, wish, order等。
The manager wants the project completed ahead of schedule.
经理希望项目提前完成。
The judge ordered the evidence preserved carefully.
法官命令小心保存证据。
四、过去分词作状语
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
1. 过去分词作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the sky, the city looks like a map.
= When it is seen from the sky, the city looks like a map.
从空中看,城市像一幅地图。
2. 过去分词作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Moved by her words, I decided to help.
= As I was moved by her words, I decided to help.
被她的话感动,我决定帮忙。
3. 过去分词作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
Watered regularly, the plants will thrive.
= If they are watered regularly, the plants will thrive.
如果定期浇水,植物会茁壮成长。
4. 过去分词作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Although tired from the journey, they kept walking.
= Although they were tired from the journey, they kept walking.
尽管旅途疲惫,他们仍继续行走。
5. 过去分词作方式、伴随状语。
Accompanied by her dog, she walked into the park.
= She walked into the park and was accompanied by her dog.
她带着狗走进公园。
练习:
1.There are clear ______ (indicate) that the economy is improving.
2.As the company’s ______ (found), he has been researching how to make more profit for the company.
3.The Speech Club is well ______ (organise) so that all members are able to have the opportunity to speak at every club meeting.
4.The boy ______ (play) football in the playground is my younger brother.
5.______ (live) abroad for twenty years, the professor returned to his motherland.
6.David keeps his daughter ______ (practice) the piano every day.
7.Environmental pollution has become a ______ (globe) issue and we must take it seriously.
8.The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement, originally ______ (serve) as decorations in the palace, has survived over the centuries.
9.These books will be put to the best use if ______ (donate) to the local library.
10.Arbeia Roman Fort was the most important structure ______ (build) by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage Site.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2025年安徽合肥模拟】
In the 1960s, Saihanba faced extreme conditions: freezing cold, strong winds, desertification, and little rainfall. Heavy snow often isolated the area, leaving builders ①_____ (lack) basic necessities like food and housing.
Yet, it was in these challenges that the inspiring story “Six Girls Going to Saihanba” ②_____ (spring) from the first generation of builders. Chen Yanxian and five classmates, ③_____ (inspire) by national role models, gave up college dreams to work there. Their choice was clear: pursue ④_____ (high) education in cities or devote themselves to reclaiming the wilderness-they chose the latter. Their determination led to ⑤_____ green miracle: turning deserts into forests. Now in her 80s, Chen still vividly remembers planting small trees, which ⑥_____ (grow) into towering ones.
The first generation faced harsh conditions ⑦_____ regret. Families also contributed — couples lived in the remote watchtowers for months every year, and used binoculars (双筒望远镜) ⑧_____ (prevent) fires. Thanks to their efforts, Saihanba’s forests remained fire-free for over 50 years.
Later generations continued the spirit, among ⑨_____ was Yu Shitao. His decision to stay after graduating in 2005 came with initial struggles. He led tree variety ⑩_____ (improve) and developed a forest model suited to Saihanba. The devotion of three generations proves collective strength can heal nature.
2. 【2024年山西晋中模拟】
Wang Xin, a marketing manager based in Shanghai, paid special attention to the carbon consumption figures shown on a flight booking platform. “When booking a flight, I will first check the flights ①_____ meet my time requirements. If multiple flights within the time range are approximately the same price, I will ②_____ (definite) choose the one with ③_____ (little) carbon consumption.” Wang says.
Business travelers like Wang have shown a ④_____ (prefer) for trips that leave a smaller carbon footprint, according to a recent report. More than 60 percent of its business customers have options ⑤_____ low-carbon travel products. “The low-carbon travel trend began in 2022 when we launched flight carbon emission data, which has been recognized by ⑥_____ increasing number of business clients,” says Zha Jun, an official with the travel management division.
Afterwards, the carbon emission data of hotels, trains and cars ⑦_____ (add) up to now. Business travelers have been encouraged to use new energy vehicles and save electricity and water at hotels, as well as food on flights. Those ⑧_____ (choose) low-carbon travel products can also get rewards, such as air miles and credits that can be used ⑨_____ (reduce) future travel costs.
According to the US-headquartered Global Business Travel Association, 25 percent of companies worldwide consider carbon footprint and sustainability important in business travel. Among ⑩_____ (they), 35 percent have carried out sustainable policies.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案:indications
解析:考查名词及其单复数。句意:有明显的迹象显示经济正在好转。设空处被形容词clear修饰,应用名词形式,由前面的are可知,应用名词复数形式。故填indications。
2.答案:founder
解析:考查名词。句意:作为这家公司的创始人,他一直在研究如何为公司赚取更多的利润。设空处由名词所有格修饰,应用名词,由逗号后面的he可知,设空处指的是人,应填 founder,意为“创始人”。故填founder。
3.答案:organised
解析:考查过去分词。句意:演讲俱乐部组织良好,因此所有会员都能有机会在每次的俱乐部会议上发言。The Speech Club与 organise之间为被动关系,故用其过去分词形式。故填organised。
4.答案:playing
解析:句意:在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。设空处作后置定语修饰The boy, The boy 和play之间是逻辑上的主动关系,因此用现在分词,故填playing。
5.答案:Having lived
解析:句意:在国外生活了二十年后,这个教授回到了他的祖国。设空处作状语,动词live 和主语the professor之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且live 表示的动作发生在returned 之前,因此用having done形式,故填Having lived。
6.答案:practicing
解析:考查现在分词。句意:戴维每天让女儿练钢琴。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构,his daughter与 practice之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补,故填practicing。
7.答案:global
解析:考查形容词。句意:环境污染已经成为全球性问题,我们必须认真对待它。设空处修饰名词issue,应用形容词global,意为“全球的”。故填global。
8.答案:serving
解析:句意为:中国传统的插花艺术最初是作为宫廷的装饰,已经存在了几个世纪。has survived为句子的谓语,设空处作后置定语,修饰The art of Chinese traditional flower arrangement; serve as与被修饰的内容之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。故填serving。
9.答案:donated
解析:考查省略句。句意:这些书如果捐赠给当地图书馆,将得到充分利用。if引导的条件状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整的从句是if they are donated to the local library,省略they are,空处需填过去分词donated。故填donated。
10.答案:built
解析:句意为: 阿尔比亚罗马城堡是罗马人在英国建造的最重要的建筑,现在已成为世界遗产。分析句子结构可知, and 连接两个并列分句,第一个分句的谓语动词为 was, 设空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接,应用非谓语形式,且 structure 与 build 之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。
四、
1. 答案:lacking; sprang; inspired; higher; a; have grown; without; to prevent; whom; improvement
解析:本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了塞罕坝三代人克服恶劣条件,植树造林,将荒漠变森林的奋斗历程。
①考查非谓语动词。句意:大雪经常封锁这个地区,使建设者缺乏基本的生活必需品,如食物和住房。空处作宾语补足语,lack与逻辑主语builders之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语,故填lacking。
②考查动词时态。句意:然而,正是在这些挑战中,鼓舞人心的故事“六女上坝”源于第一代建设者。根据句中was可知,句子描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,spring在此处意为“起源于”,其过去式形式为sprang,故填sprang。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:陈彦娴和她的五个同学,受到全国模范的鼓舞,放弃了上大学的梦想,来到这里工作。句中已有谓语gave up,此处应用非谓语动词形式,Chen Yanxian and five classmates与inspire之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式表示被动意义,故填inspired。
④考查形容词比较级。句意:她们的选择很明确:在城市接受高等教育,还是投身于开垦荒野——她们选择了后者。根据education in cities以及常识可知,此处指在城市接受高等教育,应用high的比较级形式higher,作定语修饰名词education,故填higher。
⑤考查冠词。句意:她们的决心造就了一个绿色奇迹:把沙漠变成了森林。miracle“奇迹”是可数名词,此处泛指“一个绿色奇迹”,green是以辅音音素开头的单词,前边应用不定冠词a,故填a。
⑥考查动词时态。句意:现在80多岁的陈仍然清楚地记得种植的小树,这些小树已经长成了参天大树。which引导的从句描述过去的动作对现在有影响,应用现在完成时,which指代的先行词small trees为复数,所以助动词用have,故填have grown。
⑦考查介词。句意:第一代人面临着恶劣的条件却没有遗憾。结合语意,此处表示“没有遗憾”,应用介词without,故填without。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:家庭也做出了贡献——夫妻每年在偏远的瞭望塔上住几个月,用双筒望远镜防止火灾。use sth. to do sth.是固定搭配,表示“用某物做某事”,所以此处用动词不定式形式,故填to prevent。
⑨考查定语从句。句意:后代延续了这种精神,于士涛就是其中之一。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为Later generations,指人,关系代词作介词among的宾语,应用whom,故填whom。
⑩考查名词。句意:他带领进行树木品种改良,并开发出适合塞罕坝的森林模式。根据空格前的tree variety可知,此处应用名词形式作宾语,improve的名词形式为improvement,此处表示“改良;改进”,是不可数概念,故填improvement。
2. 答案:that/which; definitely; less; preference; for; an; have been added; choosing; to reduce; them
解析:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了低碳旅行越来越受欢迎。
①考查定语从句。句意:当预订航班时,我会首先查看符合我时间要求的航班。空处引导定语从句,先行词the flights,指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
②考查副词。句意:如果时间范围内的多个航班价格大致相同,我肯定会选择碳排放更少的航班。修饰动词will choose,需用副词definitely,作状语。故填definitely。
③考查形容词比较级。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语,表示“更少的”应用形容词比较级less。故填less。
④考查名词。句意:根据最近的一份报告,像王这样的商务旅行者已经表现出对碳足迹较小的旅行的偏好。不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词,空处需填名词preference作宾语。故填preference。
⑤考查介词。句意:超过60%的企业客户可以选择低碳旅游产品。have options for为固定搭配,意为“有……的选择”。故填for。
⑥考查冠词。句意:“低碳旅行趋势始于2022年,当时我们推出了航班碳排放数据,这得到了越来越多商业客户的认可,”差旅管理部门官员查军表示。a number of为固定搭配,意为“很多的”,空处需填冠词,increasing发音以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑦考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:之后,将酒店、火车和汽车的碳排放数据相加至今。根据时间状语“up to now”可知,使用现在完成时,data和add为被动关系,需用被动语态,data为复数形式,助动词用have。故填have been added。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:那些选择低碳出行产品的人还可以获得奖励,比如航空里程和积分,这些都可以用来降低未来的出行成本。空处需填非谓语动词,作后置定语,修饰those,choose和those为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填choosing。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be used to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“被用来做某事”。故填to reduce。
⑩考查代词。句意:其中,35%的企业已经实施了可持续发展政策。介词among后面需填代词的宾格形式。故填them。

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