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Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 学案（含答案）—外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to artificial intelligence (AI) and technological development. Understand and master the key usages of the subject-verb agreement.
能力目标 Enhance students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
情感目标 Develop a positive and rational attitude towards emerging technologies like AI. Cultivate students’ qualities such as innovation-seeking and critical thinking.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
主谓一致
一、数量概念作主语时的主谓一致
1．表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years feels like a moment in the journey of life.
十年在人生旅程中感觉就像一瞬间。
2．some，most，rest及分数、百分数等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据some等所代替的名词而定。
Most of the water is polluted. 大部分水被污染了。
Most of the students are against the plan. 大部分学生反对这个计划。
3．“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是，“the number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of tourists have visited the ancient town this year.
今年有许多游客参观了这座古镇。
The number of wild tigers has decreased sharply in the past decade.
过去十年里，野生老虎的数量急剧减少。
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致
1．either，each，little，much等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of the children owns a unique storybook.
每个孩子都有一本独特的故事书。
2．both，few，many，several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both of my parents work in the medical field.
我的父母都在医疗领域工作。
3．all指可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；若指不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
All the tickets are sold out. 所有的票都卖完了。
All the information is strictly confidential. 所有信息都严格保密。
4．none指可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；若指不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
None of the applicants has/have met the requirements. 没有一位申请者满足条件。
None of the milk is left in the bottle. 瓶子里一点牛奶都没剩。
三、其他情况作主语时的主谓一致
1．单个动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading novels is her favorite pastime. 读小说是她最喜欢的消遣方式。
2．当what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。
What we need are more volunteers to help with the event.
我们需要的是更多志愿者来协助这次活动。
3．there be句型中，be动词的单复数与最靠近它的主语一致。
There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语，谓语动词与先行词一致。
The girl who sings beautifully is my classmate. 唱歌好听的那个女孩是我的同学。
5．the＋adj.指一类人谓语动词用复数。
The young are the future of our society. 年轻人是我们社会的未来。
练习：
1.Whether there is life on the moon ______ (be) an interesting question.
2.Genetic disease will be cured in embryos (胚胎) by replacing ______ (fault) sections of DNA with healthy DNA.
3.All of her time ______ (devote) to carrying out a further study on the cause of Alzheimer’s disease since she left school.
4.The house, together with all the man's possessions in it, ______ (wash) away by the storm, and he becomes homeless and poor.
5.Lately , they ______ (relay) the sentence to his cooperative partner, who hasn't aired his opinion.
6.The ______ (analyse) reveals that men and women have different attitudes to fashion.
7.Large amounts of money ______ (spend) on protecting the cultural heritage in our country over the past 10 years.
8.This is the first time that these precious works of art ______ (display) to the public.
9.So far it ______ (confirm) that the conference will take place next week.
10.Last weekend, two roommates assisted me ______ the experiment, which eased my stress.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2024年上海模拟】
Future living: what will the home of tomorrow look like
What will our homes be like in the future Growing cities, shrinking living spaces, and climate change are major challenges ①_____ (face) urban planners and architects. We’re sharing three trends with you ②_____ will shape the home we live in tomorrow.
Energy efficient and carbon neutral
One of the greatest challenges for homes of the future is our increasing energy consumption, something that cannot be covered by fossil fuels going forward. ③_____ the impact of climate change becoming notable, it’s perfectly understandable that the buildings of the future could function as environmentally friendly power plants. Solar collectors and heat storage systems allow ④_____ are known as “plus-energy buildings” to produce 100 percent renewable energy for emission-free operation.
The trend to downsizing
Living more efficiently not only means improving energy use and reducing one’s own carbon footprint, but also building to save space. Rooms ⑤_____ (design) to be multifunctional when there’s not a dedicated room available for every potential purpose. Modular and flexible furnishing systems that can be adapted to the individual floor space and room zones will replace ⑥_____ (fix) structures, ensuring that there’s room for everything even in a small space.
Trends for living and working under one roof
Over the last few months, the office ⑦_____ (become) a feature in many people’s homes. For a number of years now, the home office has been evolving from a make-do desk into a comfortable long-term solution. This development means we need to ask ⑧_____ how we should construct our living spaces to allow us to concentrate and work productively.
⑨_____ you rent or own your own home in the future, what’s clear is that the home of tomorrow will be smarter, more flexible, and more sustainable. It will offer us space ⑩_____ (live), sleep and work both indoors and outdoors.
2. 【2025年河南南阳模拟】
Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, have been a topic of interest and ①_____ (argue) for several years. The idea of vehicles that can operate ②_____ human control is promising. It can make transportation efficient and convenient. And as technology continues to advance rapidly, the widespread use of self-driving cars seems increasingly popular and ③_____ (avoidable).
In a future impacted by climate change and ecosystem protection, the role of self-driving cars ④_____ (become) vital in their environmental and social benefits and thus can increase energy efficiency, ease traffic jams, and promote shared mobility. ⑤_____ (enable) the change to electric and renewable-powered vehicles, self-driving cars also help encourage the efficient use of infrastructure (基础设施). However, some challenges must be addressed ⑥_____ (ensure) safety. One of the primary ⑦_____ (concern) is regulation (管理), as current traffic laws and policies may not be equipped to handle various problems closely ⑧_____ (relate) to autonomous vehicles. Governments and regulatory bodies will need to establish clear guidelines and safety standards ⑨_____ are essential to manage the operation of self-driving cars on roads.
In conclusion, the future of self-driving cars presents ⑩_____ mix of opportunities and challenges that will shape our societies, economies, and environments. We should develop the strengths of this technology while reducing its risks.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：is
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:月亮上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。通过从句的系动词is判断，句子使用一般现在时，分析句子可知，Whether there is life on the moon为主语从句，空处在整个句子里充当系动词，从句作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is。故填is。
2.答案：faulty
解析：考查形容词。句意:通过用健康的 DNA替换有缺陷的DNA片段,遗传病将在胚胎中得到治愈。设空处修饰后面的名词 sections,表示“有缺陷的”,故填faulty。
3.答案：has been devoted
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:自从她离开学校以来，她所有的时间都用于进一步研究阿尔茨海默病的病因。由since she left school可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语All of her time和动词devote是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，助动词应用has，故填has been devoted。
4.答案：has been washed
解析：句意为:房子和房子里的所有财产都被暴风雨冲走了,他变得无家可归,一贫如洗。分析句子可知,设空处是谓诸动词,句子主语为The house,与动词wash之间是被动关系,同时句子表示动作发生在过去,且对现在有影响,故使用现在完成时的被动语态;当主语后有 together with引起的短语时,谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致,本句主语是The house,助动词应用has。故填 has been washed。
5.答案：have relayed
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:最近,他们把判决传达给了他的合作伙伴,但他还未公开发表意见。根据句首的 Lately以及语境可知,设空处应该用现在完成时态,主语 they为复数意义,故填have relayed。
6.答案：analysis
解析：考查名词。句意:分析显示男性和女性对时尚的态度不同。设空处作主语,空前有定冠词The,故此处应用名词。analyse的名词形式为analysis,可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,根据谓语reveals可知,此处应填analysis。故填analysis。
7.答案：have been spent
解析：句意为:在过去的十年里,我国在保护文化遗产上花费了大量的资金。根据时间状语 over the past 10 years 可知,此处应用现在完成时。money 和 spend之间是被动关系,主语由Large amounts of 修饰,谓语用复数。故填have been spent。
8.答案：have been displayed
解析：句意为:这是第一次这些珍贵的艺术品向公众展出。此处为句型"this is the first time +that+ sb/sth has done sth",设空处为从句谓语,动词display 与从句主语works 构成被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been displayed。
9.答案：has been confirmed
解析：句意为:到目前为止,已经确认会议将于下周举行。分析句子结构可知,设空处在主句中作谓语,it为形式主语,与动词 confirm之间为被动关系,且根据时间状语So far可判断出设空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been confirmed。
10.答案：with/in
解析：考查介词。句意:上周末,两个室友协助我做了这个实验,这缓解了我的压力。assist sb. with/in sth.在某事上帮助某人。故填with/in。
四、
1. 答案：facing; that/which; With; what; will be designed; fixed; has become; ourselves; Whether; to live
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了未来家居发展的三个主要趋势：能源高效和碳中和趋势、小型化趋势以及居住和工作一体化趋势。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：城市发展、居住空间缩小和气候变化是城市规划者和建筑师面临的主要挑战。“①_____ (face) urban planners and architects”作后置定语，空格处单词应填非谓语动词，face（面临，面对）与其逻辑主语challenges之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填facing。
②考查定语从句。句意：我们将与大家分享三个趋势，它们将塑造我们未来的家园。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词three trends，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that或which。
③考查with复合结构。句意：随着气候变化的影响越来越明显，未来的建筑可以作为环保发电厂是完全可以理解的。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，“③_____ the impact of climate change becoming notable”作原因状语，其中becoming是非谓语动词，可用介词with构成with复合结构作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
④考查宾语从句。句意：太阳能集热器和蓄热系统允许所谓的“附加能源建筑”产生100%的可再生能源，实现零排放运行。“④_____ are known as ‘plus-energy buildings’”是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“被称为‘附加能源建筑’的事物”，用连接代词what引导该从句并在句中作主语。故填what。
⑤考查时态和语态。句意：当没有一个专门的房间可以用于每个潜在的用途时，房间将被设计成多功能的。分析句子可知，空格处单词是主句的谓语动词，design（设计）与主语Rooms之间是被动关系，根据语境可知，文中描述的是将来的情况，应使用一般将来时态。综上，谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be designed。
⑥考查形容词。句意：模块化和灵活的家具系统可以适应单独的楼层空间和房间区域，将取代固定的结构，确保即使在小空间中也有空间容纳所有东西。提示词作定语，修饰名词structures，应用形容词fixed，意为“固定的”。故填fixed。
⑦考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几个月里，办公室已经成为许多人家里的一个特色。分析句子可知，空格处单词是句中谓语动词，become（成为）与主语the office之间是主动关系，故句子应用主动语态，结合时间状语“Over the last few months”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，又因主语the office是单数名词，所以现在完成时的助动词应使用has。故填has become。
⑧考查反身代词。句意：这种发展意味着我们需要问自己，我们应该如何构建我们的生活空间，使我们能够集中精力，高效地工作。根据句意，此处表示“我们需要问自己”，在means后的宾语从句中，主语we和ask后的宾语是同一对象，用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。
⑨考查状语从句。句意：无论你将来是租房还是买房，有一点是明确的，那就是未来的家将会更智能、更灵活、更可持续。“⑨_____ you rent or own your own home in the future”是让步状语从句，结合句中or可知，用连词whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：它将为我们提供室内外生活、睡眠和工作的空间。“live, sleep and work”作后置定语，描述space的用途，即这个空间是“为了居住、睡眠和工作而提供的”，用不定式可以表达一个具体的、尚未发生的动作，符合句中对未来场景的描述。故填to live。
2. 答案：argument; without; unavoidable; will become; Enabling; to ensure; concerns; related; that/which; a
解析：本文的体裁是说明文。文章讲述了关于自动驾驶汽车的影响、好处、面临的挑战以及未来展望。
①考查名词。句意：自动驾驶汽车，也被称为无人驾驶汽车，多年来一直是一个备受关注和争议的话题。空白处在句子中作介词of的宾语，所以此处应使用argue的名词形式，故填argument。
②考查介词。句意：能够在无人控制的情况下运行的车辆这一想法是很有前景的。根据上文“Self-driving cars(自动驾驶汽车)”可知此处表示“没有”人类控制的车辆，故填without。
③考查形容词。句意：随着技术的快速持续发展，自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行且不可避免。空白处在句子中作表语使用形容词，根据上文“the widespread use of self-driving cars seems increasingly popular(自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行)”可知自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行，可推理出空白处应填表示“不可避免”含义的形容词，所以此处应使用avoidable的反义词作表语，故填unavoidable。
④考查时态。句意：在受气候变化和生态系统保护影响的未来，自动驾驶汽车在环境和社会效益方面的作用将变得至关重要，从而可以提高能源效率、缓解交通堵塞并促进共享出行。根据上文“In a future(在一个……的未来)”可知句子表示的是一个将来发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时，故填will become。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：自动驾驶汽车使向电动和可再生能源汽车的转变成为可能，也有助于鼓励基础设施的有效利用。空白处在句子中做状语，因与其逻辑主语self-driving cars之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词。位于句首，故填Enabling。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，为了确保安全，必须应对一些挑战。空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to ensure。
⑦考查名词。句意：主要的担忧之一是监管，因为现行的交通法规和政策可能无法处理与自动驾驶汽车密切相关的各种问题。此处使用了“one of + 复数名词”，该表达为固定短语，含义为表示“……之一”，故填concerns。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语problems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：政府和监管机构将需要建立明确的指导方针和安全标准，这对管理自动驾驶汽车在道路上的运行至关重要。空白处应填入关系代词引导限制性定语从句并做主语，先行词是guidelines and safety standards，指事物，故填that/which。
⑩考查冠词。句意：总之，自动驾驶汽车的未来是机遇与挑战的混合体，这将塑造我们的社会、经济和环境。因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，且因a mix of...为固定短语，意为“……的混合体”，符合句意，故填a。

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