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Unit 5 Learning from nature 学案（含答案）—外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions about animals and nature. Understand and master the key usages of the non-finite verbs.
能力目标 Improve students’ listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
情感目标 Develop a love and respect for animals and nature. Cultivate qualities such as environmental awareness and empathy and build a correct ecological view and sense of social responsibility.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、非谓语作主语
1． ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no...等中。
It's a waste of time arguing about minor details. 为琐事争论是浪费时间。
There is no denying that he is a talented musician. 不可否认他是个有才华的音乐家。
2．不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it作形式主语。
It's important to review the lessons before exams. 考试前复习功课很重要。
3．it作形式主语时，不定式或 ing形式是真正的主语，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。
二、非谓语作宾语
1．下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等
2．下列动词或动词短语后只能用 ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想); avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语后也要用 ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank...for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)，look forward to
3．下列动词或动词短语后既可以用 ing形式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
cant help (to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
三、非谓语作表语
1．不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
My goal is to become a qualified teacher. 我的目标是成为一名合格的教师。(未来计划)
The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the budget. 会议的目的是讨论预算。(说明内容)
2．-ing形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Her favorite hobby is painting landscapes. 她最喜欢的爱好是画风景。(抽象动作)
What I enjoy most is reading novels by the fireplace.
我最喜欢的是在壁炉旁读小说。(what 从句作主语)
练习：
1.When I asked Tom whether he had finished his report, he shook his head slowly and ______ (deliberate).
2.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
3.White represents ______ (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride carries or wears something white on her wedding day.
4.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ (finish) the difficult task in such a short time.
5.He was so ______ (excite) when he heard his mother's words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
6.In many cases, scientists take inspiration ______ nature to make a breakthrough.
7.______ (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
8.Some students took ______ for granted that only the examined subjects were important.
9.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but the driver refused ______ (stop) until we reached the next stop.
10.The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2024年全国甲卷真题】
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ①_____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ②_____ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ③_____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ④_____ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ⑤_____ (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with ⑥_____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ⑦_____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ⑧_____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ⑨_____ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ⑩_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2. 【2025年河北模拟】
The 9th Asian Winter Games in Harbin, Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province, has brought two unexpected stars into the spotlight, “Binbin” and “Nini”, the official mascots (吉祥物) ①_____ (inspire) by Siberian tiger cubs born in September 2023 at the Siberian Tiger Park in Harbin.
Since the ②_____ (select), these tiger stars have not only attracted visitors but also aroused greater public interest in the conservation of this endangered species, highlighting the Games’③_____ (broad) impact beyond sports.
The number of visitors to the park ④_____ (increase) since the reveal of the mascots, with many tourists ⑤_____ (specific) coming to catch a glimpse of the real-life tigers that inspired “Binbin” and “Nini”.
At the official store in the park, souvenirs (纪念品) based ⑥_____ Binbin and Nini, including plush toys, mystery boxes, and figurines, have become highly sought-after and are selling exceptionally well, ⑦_____ (reflect) visitors’ affection for the two tigers.
The park has made special arrangements for the two furry stars. Before the Games, the park organised ⑧_____ themed event, “Global Tiger Day-Welcome to Binbin and Nini’s Home”, ⑨_____ (mark) International Tiger Day. The event marked the first-ever public debut (首次亮相) of Binbin and Nini, allowing visitors to get up close to the real-life inspirations behind the mascots.
Now, at just over 1 year old, the two tigers weigh over 75 kilogrammes each. The park has provided them with a spacious activity area, ⑩_____ allows them to move freely and interact better with visitors.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案：deliberately
解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处与slowly并列,作状语修饰shook,因此应用副词形式。故填deliberately。
2.答案：seated
解析：考查过去分词作表语。根据语境及空前的系动词remain可知此处作表语,passengers与seat之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作表语。remain seated坐着不动。故填seated。
3.答案：purity
解析：考查名词。句意：在那个文化中，白色代表纯洁，这就是为什么新娘在婚礼上要携带白色的东西或穿白色的衣服。设空处作宾语，应用名词形式，故填purity。
4.答案：finishing
解析：考查动名词作宾语。句意:我很难想象彼得能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事,此处Peter作finish的逻辑主语。故填finishing。
5.答案：excited
解析：考查过去分词作表语。根据空前的系动词was和语境可知此处作表语,表示主语的感受,应用过去分词,意为“(感到)兴奋的”,故填excited。
6.答案：from
解析：考查固定短语。句意:在很多种情况下,科学家从大自然中获得灵感以取得突破。take inspiration from... “从……中获取灵感”,故填from。
7.答案：Learning
解析：考查动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思考是今天的孩子们未来将需要的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,“_____ (learn) to think critically is an important skill”是主句,“today's children will need for the future”是省略了关系词的定语从句。主句中is之前的部分作主语,设空处应用动名词或不定式;此处表示一般性的动作概念,应用动名词作主语,故填Learning。
8.答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意:有些学生理所当然地认为只有考试科目才是重要的。take it for granted that...为固定句型,意为“认为……是理所当然的”。故填it。
9.答案：to stop
解析：考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:我听到我身后有位乘客向司机大喊,但司机拒绝停下来,直到我们到达下一站。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。故填to stop。
10.答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意：这两个女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。本句中设空处用在find后作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other，故填it。
四、
1. 答案：to catch; treasures; what; were; be done; its; for; completion; largest; which
解析：本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
②考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。
③考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。
④考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
⑤考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
⑥考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
⑦考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
⑧考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
⑨考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。
⑩考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
2. 答案：inspired; selection; broader; has increased/has been increasing; specifically; on; reflecting; a; to mark; which
解析：这是一篇新闻报道。哈尔滨第9届亚冬会吉祥物“滨滨”“妮妮”以虎为原型，带动公园游客增长，公园还开展活动，促进人虎互动 。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：第9届亚洲冬季运动会在中国东北黑龙江省哈尔滨举行，官方吉祥物“滨滨”和“妮妮”成为了焦点，它们的灵感来自于2023年9月出生在哈尔滨东北虎林园的西伯利亚虎幼崽。此空考查非谓语，mascots与inspire之间是被动关系，再由语境可知，此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填inspired。
②考查名词。句意：自从被选中以来，这两只老虎明星不仅吸引了游客，还引起了公众对保护这种濒危物种的更大兴趣，凸显了运动会在体育之外更广泛的影响。定冠词the后接名词，select的名词形式是selection，表“挑选”，为不可数名词。故填selection。
③考查形容词比较级。句意：自从被选中以来，这两只老虎明星不仅吸引了游客，还引起了公众对保护这种濒危物种的更大兴趣，凸显了运动会在体育之外更广泛的影响。这里表示运动会除了体育方面，还有更广泛的影响，用比较级broader表示“更广泛的”。故填broader。
④考查时态。句意：自从吉祥物公布以来，公园的游客数量已经增加了，许多游客专门来一睹启发“滨滨”和“妮妮”灵感的真老虎。此空考查谓语动词，主语The number of visitors to the park与increase为主动关系，且“since + 过去时间点”是现在完成时或现在完成进行时的标志，“the number of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has increased或has been increasing。
⑤考查副词。句意：自从吉祥物公布以来，公园的游客数量已经增加了，许多游客专门来一睹启发“滨滨”和“妮妮”灵感的真老虎。这里用副词specifically作状语修饰动词coming，表示“专门地，特别地”。故填specifically。
⑥考查固定搭配。句意：在公园的官方商店里，以“滨滨”和“妮妮”为原型的纪念品，包括毛绒玩具、盲盒和小雕像，变得非常抢手，销售异常火爆，这反映了游客对这两只老虎的喜爱。这里考查be based on，是固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”。故填on。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：在公园的官方商店里，以“滨滨”和“妮妮”为原型的纪念品，包括毛绒玩具、盲盒和小雕像，变得非常抢手，销售异常火爆，这反映了游客对这两只老虎的喜爱。此空考查非谓语，souvenirs have become highly sought-after and are selling exceptionally well这一整件事与reflect之间是主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词作状语。故填reflecting。
⑧考查冠词。句意：在运动会之前，公园组织了一个主题活动“全球老虎日 —— 欢迎来到滨滨和妮妮的家”，以纪念国际老虎日。这里泛指“一个主题活动”，应用不定冠词，且themed是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：在运动会之前，公园组织了一个主题活动“全球老虎日——欢迎来到滨滨和妮妮的家”，以纪念国际老虎日。由语境可知，这里用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to mark。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：公园为它们提供了一个宽敞的活动区域，这让它们能够自由活动，更好地与游客互动。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是a spacious activity area，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。

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