Unit 2 Lessons in life 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 2 Lessons in life 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 2 Lessons in life 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions related to life wisdom and experiences. Understand and master the key usages of the passive voice.
能力目标 Improve students’ comprehensive language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
情感目标 Develop a positive outlook on life, cultivating qualities like wisdom and resilience. Enhance students’ ability to reflect on life and gain deeper self - understanding.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
被动语态
一、各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)
时态 被动语态
一般现在时 am/is/are+done
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to/ be to+be+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done
一般过去时 was/were+done
现在完成时 have/has+been+done
过去完成时 had+been+done
过去进行时 was/were+being+done
情态动词+be+done
二、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
1.主动变为被动时,宾语成了主语 ,(作补语的)不定式前需加to (位置不变)。
The coach made the players run five laps.
→The players were made to run five laps (by the coach).
2.主动变为被动时,可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。
My aunt sent me a beautiful scarf on Christmas.
→A beautiful scarf was sent to me (by my aunt) on Christmas.
→I was sent a beautiful scarf (by my aunt) on Christmas.
3.短语动词变被动语态时,不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的介词或副词)。
The children were taken good care of(by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
4.情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to,have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
They must finish the project before Friday.
→The project must be finished before Friday.
5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)谓语动词用被动语态,用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
People believe she is a talented singer.
→She is believed to be a talented singer.
→It is believed that she is a talented singer.
Scientists think dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.
→Dinosaurs are thought to have become extinct millions of years ago.
→It is thought that dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.
三、不能用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。
(2)表示归属的动词或短语,如have,belong to等。
(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
四、主动形式表示被动意义:
(1)当连系动词feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
The silk shirt feels soft.
这件丝绸衬衫摸起来很柔软。
This book reads easily.
这本书读起来很轻松。
(2)break out,shut off,take place,turn off,work out等短语表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意义时。
The new policy worked out well.
新政策实施得很顺利。
练习:
1.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ______ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
2.The ancient civilizations of Latin America ______ (found) on corn.
3.Your application ______ (access) by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.
4.I am sure the experiment which ______ (do) at the moment will be a great success.
5.When asked about the cause of the accident , the officer said it ______ (investigate).
6.Her novels ______ (translate) into many foreign languages so far.
7.By the time he graduated, he ______ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
8.It was predicted that petrol ______ (replace) by green energy completely in the near future.
9.Zheng Qinwen ______ (name) Fan Favorite Singles player in WTA 2024 Fan Awards on December 20, 2024.
10.The envelope got damaged while the letter ______ (sort) by the sorting machine.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2024年浙江嘉兴模拟】
It’s part of life to have challenging experiences that get you down. At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, ①_____ (remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side. Changing how you think about ②_____ (emotion) events in this way can change how you feel about them. ③_____ sometimes this is easier said than done.
Imagine you lost a dream opportunity and you may wonder whether you’ll ever get another chance like that again. It can be difficult to break out of your mindset when having negative experiences. ④_____ (fortunate), getting a good friend’s perspective (见解) can help.
Here ⑤_____ (come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it ⑥_____ your own According to some research ⑦_____ (conduct) lately, we can choose the former. How you think and feel can ⑧_____ (shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time. The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought ⑨_____ (pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures. It’s okay to turn to the people around you and your friends, from ⑩_____ you can get new perspectives and some help.
2. 【2023年辽宁模拟】
Do you suffer from bloating (肠胃胀气) or irritated bowels (拉肚子) when feeling stressed or anxious ①_____ so, you’re not alone. Stress and anxiety are known to bring on gut (肠道) troubles.
If you ever suffer from stomach troubles during a ②_____ (stress) moment, this is because your anxiety levels are connected to your digestive system.
“There’s ③_____ (evident) that the brain and the gut communicate with each other via numerous systems and do not function independently”, says Dr. Ashton Harper, a gut health specialist. “Because of this interconnected relationship it means that if one system is disturbed, it ④_____ (result) in the other system being disturbed.”
There are several things you can do ⑤_____ (reduce) the effects of anxiety and stress on your gut. The direct approach would be to identify the “stress trigger” and try to remove it, or alter its impact, from your daily life, where possible.
For instance, Dr. Ashton suggests, you may get stressed by not being prepared for some activity like ⑥_____ (give) a class presentation — make sure that you allow plenty of time to ⑦_____ (adequate) prepare and rehearse to prevent or reduce anxiety.
Think about how you can calm your day from ⑧_____ beginning — walking some of the journey to school rather than all of it being spent on crowded subway or bus.
If you feel ⑨_____ (you) getting stressed out with a task, take a mini-break from the activity by making a hot drink or writing a list of things you would like to do with your weekend before returning ⑩_____ your work.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案:is regarded
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处充当句子谓语。根据时间状语“Nowadays”可知,此处应用一般现在时,且regard与句子主语“cycling”之间构成动宾关系,应用被动语态。但需注意along with连接两个结构作主语时,谓语动词的数要与along with前的名词的数保持一致。故填is regarded。
2.答案:were founded
解析:本题结合句意和所给单词提示,found翻译为“建立”,这里主语是“The ancient civilizations of Latin America拉丁美洲的古代文明”,与谓语动词found建立之间存在被动关系,故这里用被动语态be done,且这里“拉丁美洲的古代文明”是复数,且结合常识,古代文明建立在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were founded。
3.答案:will be accessed
解析:考查时态和语态。句意:你的申请将由联合国教科文组织管理人员访问,并将在我们的数据库中保存6个月。由后面的 and will stay可知要用一般将来时。结合语境可知,主语Your application与access之间为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填 will be accessed。
4.答案:is being done
解析:句意为:我相信目前正在进行的实验将会取得巨大成功。分析句子结构可知, which引导定语从句,指代先行词 experiment, which 在从句中作主语,和动词do之间是被动关系;结合时间状语 at the moment可知,设空处应用现在进行时的被动语态,关系代词which 指代 experiment表示单数意义,be动词应用is。故填is being done。
5.答案:was being investigated
解析:句意为:当被问及事故原因时,警官说正在调查中。根据 said的时态和语境可知,此处表示过去一段时间内正在进行的事,应用过去进行时;it所指代的the cause of the accident与 investigate之间为被动关系,故用过去进行时的被动语态。故填 was being investigated。
6.答案:have been translated
解析:考查现在完成时的被动语态以及主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,她的小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。根据so far可知应用现在完成时,又因为novels和translate之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语novels为复数,故填have been translated。
7.答案:had been offered
解析: 考查时态和被动语态。句意:到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司向他提供了工作机会。由By the time he graduated可知,句子时态用过去完成时,他是被提供工作,因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态,故填had been offered。
8.答案:would be replaced
解析:句意为:根据预测,汽油在不久的将来将会被绿色能源完全取代。根据主句的时态及从句中的in the near future可知,此处应用过去将来时;petrol与replace之间为被动关系,表示“汽油将被取代”,应用被动语态。故填would be replaced。
9.答案:was named
解析:考查动词时态和语态。句意:在2024年12月20日举行的WTA 2024粉丝大奖中,郑钦文被评为最受粉丝喜爱的单打选手。设空处使用动词作谓语,句中Zheng Qinwen 与name之间是被动关系,同时根据时间状语on December 20, 2024可知,句子表述过去事实,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was named。
10.答案:was being sorted
解析:句意为:在分拣机分拣信件时,这个信封被弄坏了。主句谓语动词使用一般过去时,while强调一段时间内主从句的动作同时发生,此处表示“信件正在被分拣”,故设空处应使用过去进行时。sort与 the letter 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 was being sorted。
四、
1. 答案:reminding; emotional; But; Fortunately; comes; on; conducted; be shaped; patterns; whom
解析:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍碰到有挑战性的经历时应该如何面对。
①考查非谓语动词。句意:在这种时候,你可能会试图改变你的心态,提醒自己这种心态不会永远持续下去,或者专注于光明的一面。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处用非谓语动词作状语,动词remind是句子主语you主动发出的动作,用现在分词形式,表示主动。故填reminding。
②考查形容词。句意:以这种方式改变你对情感事件的看法可以改变你对它们的感受。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用形容词,修饰后面的名词events。故填emotional。
③考查连词。句意:但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子结构和意思可知,上下文是转折关系,用连词but,位于句首,首字母大写。故填But。
④考查副词。句意:幸运的是,获得好朋友的见解会有帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用副词,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
⑤考查谓语动词。句意:问题来了:在重新思考一个负面事件时,征求朋友的意见比自己重新思考更有力吗?分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是一般的情况,用一般现在时,句子为Here开头的倒装句,主语是the question,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
⑥考查介词短语。句意:见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语on one’s own,意为“某人自己”。故填on。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:根据最近进行的一些研究,我们可以选择前者。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词conduct和被修饰的名词some research是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动。故填conducted。
⑧考查谓语动词。句意:你的想法和感受可以通过从朋友的角度来塑造,无论是在当下还是随着时间的推移。分析句子结构和意思可知,空处为谓语,动词shape和主语How you think and feel是动宾关系,用被动语态结构,前面有情态动词can,be动词用原形。故填be shaped。
⑨考查名词的数。句意:下次当你无法摆脱消极的思维模式时,请记住,人类从根本上来说是社会生物。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要用名词复数,表示泛指,作宾语。故填patterns。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:求助于你周围的人和你的朋友是可以的,你可以从他们那里获得新的视角和一些帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词people在从句中作介词from的宾语,指人,用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
2. 答案:If; stressful; evidence; will result; to reduce; giving; adequately; the; yourself; to
解析:这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如果你曾经在压力大的时候感到胃部不适,这是因为你的焦虑程度与你的消化系统有关。最直接的缓解方法是找出“压力触发点”,并尽可能地将其从日常生活中移除或改变其影响,比如,对于一项任务,确保你有足够的时间做充分的准备,想想如何让你的一天从一开始就平静下来,或者在紧张的任务执行过程中稍作休息。
①考查条件状语从句引导词。句意:如果是这样,你并不孤单。分析可知,“①_____ so”为条件状语从句,“so”指代前文出现的情况“Do you suffer from bloating or irritated bowels when feeling stressed or anxious (当你感到压力或焦虑时,你会感到腹胀或拉肚子吗 )”,与主句构成肯定条件关系,用“if”引导,置于句首,首字母大写。故填If。
②考查形容词。句意:如果你曾经在压力过大的时候患过胃病,这是因为你的焦虑程度与你的消化系统有关。分析可知,所填应是形容词作定语,修饰空后名词“moment”。“stress”,名词,意为“压力”,其形容词形式为“stressful(压力大的)”,修饰物,stressed也为形容词,修饰人,表示“紧张的”。故填stressful。
③考查名词。句意:肠道健康专家阿什顿·哈珀博士说:“有确凿的证据表明,大脑和肠道通过许多系统相互交流,并不是独立运作的。”分析可知,所填应是名词,在“there be…”句型中作主语。“evident”,形容词,意为“明显的”,其名词形式为“evidence(证据,证明)”,为不可数名词。故填evidence。
④考查动词时态。句意:“由于这种相互关联的关系,这意味着如果一个系统受到干扰,它将导致另一个系统受到干扰。”分析可知,“if one system is disturbed”为if引导的条件状语从句,用一般现在时,因此“it ④_____ (result) in the other system being disturbed”为主句,遵循“主将从现”原则,用一般将来时。故填will result。
⑤考查动词不定式。句意:你可以做几件事来减少焦虑和压力对肠道的影响。分析可知,“⑤_____ (reduce) the effects of anxiety and stress on your gut”为目的状语,用动词不定式表达。故填to reduce。
⑥考查动名词。句意:例如,阿什顿博士建议,你可能会因为没有为一些活动做准备而感到压力,比如做课堂报告——所以要确保你有足够的时间来充分准备和排练,以防止或减少焦虑。分析可知,“like”此处为介词,意为“像,如同”,之后接动名词。故填giving。
⑦考查副词。句意:例如,阿什顿博士建议,你可能会因为没有为一些活动做准备而感到压力,比如做课堂报告——所以要确保你有足够的时间来充分准备和排练,以防止或减少焦虑。分析可知,所填应是副词作状语,修饰空后动词“prepare”。“adequate”,形容词,意为“足够的,适当的”,其副词形式为“adequately(充分地,足够地)”。故填adequately。
⑧考查定冠词。句意:想想如何从一开始就让你的一天平静下来——步行去学校,而不是把时间都花在拥挤的地铁或公交车上。分析可知,此处的“beginning”为名词,意为“开始”,空前需要定冠词,构成固定短语“from the beginning”,意为“从一开始”。故填the。
⑨考查反身代词。句意:如果你发现自己被一项任务压得喘不过气来,在回去工作之前,从活动中稍微休息一下,喝杯热饮或写下周末想做的事情清单。分析可知,所填空应是宾语,与主语“you”为同一个人,应是用反身代词作宾语。故填yourself。
⑩考查介词和固定短语。句意:如果你发现自己被一项任务压得喘不过气来,在回去工作之前,从活动中稍微休息一下,喝杯热饮或写下周末想做的事情清单。分析可知,此处的“return”意为“返回”,作该含义时为不及物动词,因此,需要“to”才能接宾语“your work”。故填to。

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