Unit 6 Space and beyond 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 6 Space and beyond 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习

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Unit 6 Space and beyond 学案(含答案)—外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册高二英语下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
知识目标 Master the vocabulary and expressions about space exploration. Understand and master the key usages of the modal verbs.
能力目标 Enhance students’ comprehensive language skills, including listening, speaking, reading and writing.
情感目标 Develop a sense of wonder and exploration spirit towards space. Cultivate students’ scientific thinking and innovation ability.
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法(1)
1. 表示能力:(1)can 表示现在的能力;(2)could表示过去的能力。
2. 表示推测:推测即可能性。
3. 表示必要性:(1)must表示主观上的必要性;(2)have to表示客观上的必要性。
表示推测的情态动词的用法比较(由强到弱):
情态动词 肯定式 否定式 疑问式
must 必定,必然 / /
should 按说应该 应该不会 /
ought to 按说应该 应该不会 /
can / 不可能 有可能吗?
could 微弱的可能 不可能 语气比can弱
may 或许,也许,也说不定 可能不 /
might 比may还弱 比may not还弱 /
二、 情态动词的基本用法(2)
1. shall表示征求意见和宣布法律、规定。
2. should意为“按说应该”,表示推测,相当于ought to。
3. will 表示主观的意志、意愿及用来叙述目前的习惯。
4. would 用来叙述过去的习惯。
5. dare有时态的变化。
6. need无时态的变化。
其他:
1. shall还可表示说话者给对方的命令、指示或允诺
You shall get a promotion if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力工作,你会得到晋升的。
2. should还可表示“(义务上的)应该”,在语气上比must (必须)弱。
I should help my parents with the housework this weekend, but I have a lot of work to do.
这个周末我应该帮父母做家务,但我有很多工作要做。
3. will/would还可表示请求、建议,主语为第二人称,would在语气上更委婉。
Will/Would you help me carry these books
你能帮我搬这些书吗?
4. would和used to都可表示过去的习惯,但前者表示过去反复的动作,常与every day,often,frequently等连用;后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯,但现在已不存在。
He would often go fishing by the river. Now he is too busy to do that.
他过去常常去河边钓鱼。现在他太忙而不能那样做了。
5. dare作情态动词时,还可用于条件状语从句中。
If you dare speak to your teacher like that again, you’ll be in trouble.
如果你敢再那样和你的老师说话,你会有麻烦的。
三、情态动词的特殊用法——表示对过去的推测
1. must have done sth.表示“(过去)一定做了某事”;语气比较肯定;用于肯定句。
He must have gone to the library because he often goes there after school.
他一定去图书馆了,因为他放学后经常去那里。
2. may have done sth.表示“也许已经做了某事”,may not have done sth.表示也许还没做某事。
She may have finished the project.
她也许已经完成了那个项目。
3. might have done sth.表示“过去可能/也许做了某事”;语气不确定;用于肯定句。might not have done sth.表示过去也许没做某事。
They might not have known about the change of the schedule.
他们也许不知道日程安排的变动。
4. could have done sth.表示“过去可能做了某事”,could not have done sth.表示过去不可能做了某事。
He couldn't have gone to the party because he was ill.
他不可能去参加聚会了,因为他生病了。
5. can have done sth.表示“疑虑或惊讶”,用于疑问句,其否定形式为can't/cannot have done sth.
Can he have finished the work so quickly
他能这么快就完成工作吗?
四、情态动词的特殊用法——表示与过去事实相反
1. could have done sth.表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做。
I could have won the game, but I made some stupid mistakes.
我本可以赢得比赛的,但我犯了一些愚蠢的错误。
2. needn't have done sth.表示过去本不必做某事但实际上做了。
You needn't have bought so much food. There's plenty at home.
你本不必买这么多食物的。家里已经有很多了。
3. should have done sth.表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做,可与ought to have done 换用。
You should have told me the truth earlier.
你本应该早点告诉我真相的。
4. shouldn't have done sth.表示过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了。
He shouldn't have stayed up so late last night. It affected his work today.
他昨晚本不应该熬夜这么晚的。这影响了他今天的工作。
5. might have done sth.表示过去也许可以做某事但实际上没做。
She might have joined us, but she had other plans.
她也许本可以加入我们的,但她有其他的计划。
练习:
1.Mary has gone to Guangzhou, so she ______ be in Shenzhen at present.
2.You’d better send Lisa back home, because it's too late and she ______ not go home alone at night.
3.You ______ not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
4.The magazine ______ be Lucy's. We can see her name on the cover.
5.It was said that the old lady ______ sit under the big tree, waiting for her son to return from the front.
6.If you work well, you ______ get a chance of promotion.
7.You ______ tell Li Ming about the matter. He has already known about it.
8.I ______ have worried before I came to this new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
9.The window is open. He ______ have come back.
10.I suggest that he ______ (deal) with the most urgent matters first and let the rest wait.
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 【2025年河南模拟】
The International Space Station (ISS) will continue orbiting Earth until at least 2030 ①_____ a symbol of global scientific cooperation. The representatives from 15 countries signed an ②_____ (agree) last month, ensuring this unique laboratory remains operational despite previous concerns about funding.
Since ③_____ (launch) in 1998, the ISS has hosted over 3,000 experiments ④_____ (range) from medical research to climate studies. Scientists argue that ending the program now would mean losing ⑤_____ (value) data critical for future Mars missions. “What we learn here can’t be found anywhere else,” said astronaut Samantha Carter.
However, maintaining the station requires enormous effort. Each year, about 12 tons of supplies ⑥_____ (send) to the ISS through international transport missions. ⑦_____ (reduce) resupply needs, engineers are also developing new technologies, ⑧_____ can recycle 98% of the station’s water .
Looking ahead, participating nations plan to focus on preparation for commercial space stations. Private companies like SpaceX and Boeing are ⑨_____ (current) designing capsule that may eventually replace the ISS. As the station’s commander remarked, “This isn’t the end, ⑩_____ a new beginning for space exploration.”
2. 【2025年广西柳州模拟】
Beijing declared the launch of Shenzhou 19 “a complete success” — it was one of China’s 100 ①_____ (launch) for space exploration planned in 2024.
The departure ceremony for the astronaut crew ②_____ (hold) at the Jiuquan Satellite launch centre in Gansu on October 30, 2024. That day, hundreds of people lined the streets, ③_____ (cheer) the names of the Taikonauts, China’s word for astronauts, as they were about to set off. Many people gathered in the dark after midnight to wave flags and ④_____ (colour) lights as the Taikonauts made ⑤_____ (they) last few steps on Earth before heading to the launch site. At 4:27 am, the rocket flew up into the sky.
The pilot of this mission, Cai Xuzhe, is an old hand but this time he’s travelling ⑥_____ a new generation of Chinese-trained taikonauts born in the 1990s — including China’s first female space engineer, Wang Haoze. “These two youngsters’ energy ⑦_____ (make) me feel younger and even more confident since we worked together,” he told the gathered media ahead of take-off. Song Lingdong is ⑧_____ youngest of this three-person crew. He recalled watching one of China’s first space station missions as a 13-year-old boy with “excitement and awe”. He made up his mind ⑨_____ (become) a pilot hoping that this was ⑩_____ he could serve his country.
答案以及解析
三、
1.答案:can’t
解析:句意为:玛丽已经去了广州,所以她目前不可能在深圳。根据 at present可知,此处表示对现在情况的推测;根据has gone to Guangzhou可知,她现在不可能在深圳,故填can’t。
2.答案:dare
解析:句意为:你最好把莉萨送回家,因为现在太晚了,她晚上不敢一个人回家。设空处后为动词原形,根据句意可知,此处表示“不敢”,故填dare。
3.答案:need
解析:句意为:你现在不必还书。如果你愿意,可以借到下周。need作情态动词时,其否定形式为need not,意为“不用;不必”,其后接动词原形。故填need。
4.答案: must
解析:句意为:这本杂志一定是露西的。我们能在封面上看到她的名字。根据第二句可知,这本杂志属于露西,用must表示肯定推测。故填 must。
5.答案:would
解析:考查情态动词。句意:据说那位老太太总会坐在大树下,等着儿子从前线回来。结合句意可知,此处表示过去反复进行的动作,应用情态动词would。故填would。
6.答案:shall/will
解析:句意为: 你要是好好干, 就有提升的机会。if 引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替将来时, 主句用一般将来时。此处也可以用情态动词 shall, 用于陈述句, 与第二人称或第三人称连用,表示允诺、命令、警告和告诫。故填 shall/will。
7.答案:needn't/don't have to
解析:句意:你没有必要告诉李明这件事。他已经知道了。根据"He has already known about it"可知,此处表示"不必",故填needn't/don't have to。
8.答案:needn't
解析:句意: 我来新学校之前本没有必要担心, 因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn't have done表示"本没有必要做某事, 而实际上却做了"。故填needn't。
9.答案:could
解析:句意: 窗户是开着的, 他可能回来了。窗户开着表示的是现在的状态, 由此推断他回来的动作发生在过去, 故此处是对过去事情的可能性的推测, 故填could。
10.答案:deal
解析:考查动词。句意:我建议他先处理最紧急的事情,别的事情可以先等一等。suggest 表示“建议”,后跟宾语从句时,从句谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”。故填deal。
四、
1. 答案:as; agreement; launched; ranging; valuable; are sent; To reduce; which; currently; but
解析:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了至少将运行到2030年的国际空间站,以及它的相关情况,包括开展的实验、物资补给等,还提到了未来商业空间站的规划。
①考查介词。句意:国际空间站(ISS)将至少在2030年之前继续绕地球运行,作为全球科学合作的象征。根据语意可知,空处为介词,表示“作为”,as符合语境。故填as。
②考查名词。句意:来自15个国家的代表上个月签署了一项协议,确保这个独特的实验室尽管此前存在资金方面的担忧,但仍能继续运转。an后需接agree的名词形式,signed an agreement表示“签署一项协议”。故填agreement。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:自1998年发射以来,国际空间站已经开展了3000多项实验,范围从医学研究到气候研究。Since引导的时间状语从句中,因与主句的主语一致,可省略主语和be动词,其完整形式为Since the ISS was launched in 1998,所以这里用过去分词形式。故填launched。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:自1998年发射以来,国际空间站已经开展了3000多项实验,范围从医学研究到气候研究。句中已有谓语动词has hosted,因此range需使用非谓语动词形式,range from...to...表示“范围从……到……”,experiments与range之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语。故填ranging。
⑤考查形容词。句意:科学家们认为,现在结束该计划将意味着失去对未来火星任务至关重要的有价值的数据。data是名词,前面应用形容词修饰。表示“有价值的”用valuable。故填valuable。
⑥考查动词时态和语态。句意:每年,大约12吨物资通过国际运输任务被送往国际空间站。根据Each year可知,应用一般现在时,supplies与send之间是被动关系,且supplies是复数,所以被动语态中的be动词用are。故填are sent。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:为了减少补给需求,工程师们也在开发新技术,这些技术可以循环利用空间站98%的水。根据语意可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语,且位于句首,首字母需大写。故填To reduce。
⑧考查定语从句。句意:为了减少补给需求,工程师们也在开发新技术,这些技术可以循环利用空间站98%的水。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为new technologies,指物,在从句中作主语。故填which。
⑨考查副词。句意:像SpaceX和波音这样的私人公司目前正在设计可能最终取代国际空间站的太空舱。designing是动词,应用current的副词形式修饰,currently意为“目前”,符合语境。故填currently。
⑩考查连词。句意:正如空间站站长所说:“这不是结束,而是太空探索的新开始。”固定结构not...but...表示“不是……而是……”,符合语境。故填but。
2. 答案:launches; was held; cheering; coloured/colourful; their; with; has made; the; to become; how
解析:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于神舟十九号发射成功的新闻事件,详细描述了发射前的准备活动、发射时刻以及航天员的相关情况。
①考查名词的数。句意:北京宣布神舟十九号发射“圆满成功”——这是中国2024年计划进行的100次太空探索发射任务之一。固定结构:one of +名词的复数形式,意为“……之一”,符合句意。故填launches。
②考查谓语动词。句意:航天员机组的出征仪式于2024年10月30日在甘肃省酒泉卫星发射中心举行。空处为本句谓语动词;根据时间状语“on October 30, 2024”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语“The departure ceremony”和动词“hold”之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语为单数,be动词用was。故填was held。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:那天,数百人站在街道两旁,欢呼着航天员的名字,这是中国对宇航员的称呼,他们即将出发。句子已有谓语动词lined,空处为非谓语动词作状语,主句主语“hundreds of people”和动词“cheer”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填cheering。
④考查形容词。句意:午夜过后,许多人聚集在黑暗中,挥舞着国旗和五颜六色的灯光,目送航天员在前往发射场前,走完在地球上的最后几步。空处为形容词形式修饰空后的名词“lights”,意为“彩色的”或“多色的”。故填coloured或colourful。
⑤考查代词。句意:午夜过后,许多人聚集在黑暗中,挥舞着国旗和五颜六色的灯光,目送航天员在前往发射场前,走完在地球上的最后几步。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
⑥考查介词。句意:此次任务的飞行员蔡旭哲虽经验丰富,但此次他将与新一代中国培养的、出生于90年代的航天员同行——其中包括中国首位女性航天工程师王浩泽。根据句意及空后“a new generation of Chinese-trained taikonauts”可知,空处意为“和……一起”,应用介词with。故填with。
⑦考查谓语动词。句意:“自从我们合作以来,这两个年轻人的活力让我感到更年轻、更有信心,”他在起飞前告诉聚集的媒体。空处为本句谓语动词;根据“since we worked together”可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语“These two youngsters’ energy”和动词“make”之间为主动关系,且主语为单数,助动词用has。故填has made。
⑧考查冠词。句意:宋令东是这三名航天员中最年轻的一位。修饰形容词最高级用定冠词the。故填the。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意:他下定决心要成为一名飞行员,希望以此报效国家。make up one’s mind to do sth是固定搭配,意为“下定决心做某事”,故空处应填动词不定式to become。故填to become。
⑩考查表语从句。句意:他下定决心要成为一名飞行员,希望以此报效国家。空处为表语从句的引导词,表语从句中缺少方式状语,用how引导。故填how。

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