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阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、复杂信息整合与逻辑梳理
多步骤实验/流程说明：如福建一模试题中卡普雷卡尔常数（6174）的数学实验，需按步骤
推导并验证结果，干扰项常设置步骤顺序错误或计算偏差。
跨学科知识融合：涉及科学（如光合作用）、地理（如南极绿化）、文化（如非遗技艺）等
多领域内容，要求考生具备综合理解能力。
2、长难句与专业术语理解
高密度术语：如“Kaprekar’s constant”“eco-friendly materials”等词汇可能超出课标，需通过上
下文或构词法（如“-ology”表学科）推测词义。
复合句拆解：如定语从句（“which was discovered by...”）、条件状语从句（“if...then...”）的
逻辑关系需精准把握。
3、隐含意图与深层含义
作者观点推断：如环保类说明文可能通过数据对比暗示人类活动对生态的影响，需结合结论
句（如“Therefore, immediate actions are needed”）判断态度。
文化背景差异：如介绍福建木偶戏时，需理解其历史渊源与现代传承的对比关系。
4、图表与数据解析
信息匹配题：如对比不同材料的性能参数（硬度、成本），需快速定位表格关键列并排除干
扰数据。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1、预判文本类型与结构
识别说明对象：通过标题（如“How to Protect Coral Reefs”）判断主题，明确说明目的是科普
知识、操作指南还是现象分析。
结构标记法：
总分式：首段总述，分述段落以“Firstly/Secondly”引导（如福建真题中介绍无人机配送的流
程）。
递进式：按现象→原因→解决方案展开（如环保类文章“污染现状→成因→治理措施”）。
2、精准定位与分层阅读
关键词扫描：时间（e.g., “in 2024”）、数字（e.g., “6174”）、专有名词（e.g., “Kaprekar”）
优先定位。
分层处理：
细节层：直接提取数据、步骤（如实验操作顺序）。
逻辑层：关注因果（because/thus）、对比（however/compared to）等信号词，梳理段落间关
系。
3、长难句拆解与术语处理
语法分析法：拆分复合句主干（如“The study, which was conducted by...”, 主干为“The study
was conducted”）。
术语推测法：
前缀/后缀（e.g., “bio-degradable”中“bio-”表“生物”）。
上下文线索（如“Kaprekar’s constant”后接实验步骤，推测为“数学常数”）。
4、推理与主旨归纳
隐含观点题：通过作者态度词（e.g., “remarkably effective”“controversial”）判断倾向，避免
主观臆断。
主旨题：首尾段高频词+段落核心句整合（如环保文高频词“sustainable”“reduce pollution”）。
三、2025 年命题趋势预测
1、本土文化与科技热点结合
福建元素：可能涉及非遗技艺（如福建土楼建造技艺）、海洋保护（如红树林生态）等主题，
结合科学原理说明（如土楼的抗震结构）。
科技应用：如 AI 农业（智能灌溉系统）、新能源（氢能源汽车）相关说明文，强调技术原
理与社会价值。
2、题型设计创新
多模态文本：图文结合（如流程图+步骤说明）、数据图表（柱状图对比材料性能）占比提
升。
开放式设问：如“Which of the following can be inferred from the passage ”需结合多段落信息综
合推理。
3、高频考点分布
细节理解题（40%）：直接提取实验步骤、数据或定义（如“Kaprekar’s constant”的定义）。
推理判断题（30%）：推断作者意图或现象成因（如“为何某材料适合环保包装”）。
词义猜测题（15%）：结合上下文推测科技术语（如“photovoltaic cells”指“太阳能电池”）。
主旨题（15%）：归纳科技/文化类文章的核心观点。
四、备考建议
1、强化跨学科词汇积累
整 理 科 技 （ renewable energy, nanotechnology） 、 文 化 （ heritage preservation, traditional
craftsmanship）高频词，结合例句记忆。
2、真题模拟与结构分析
精练福建近 3 年说明文（如 2024 年“无人机配送”），标注段落逻辑词（however/therefore），
总结常见结构模板。
3、长难句专项训练
每日拆解 2-3 个复合句（如定语从句嵌套状语从句），标注主干与修饰成分，提升信息处理
速度。
4、关注社会热点与科技动态
阅读英文版福建本地新闻（如《福建日报》科技专栏），积累新兴技术（如区块链在农业溯
源中的应用）相关表达。
【基础试题】
A
Do you know what a team needs most If people on your team are not good at
communication, you may often feel terrible. To create a successful team, good communication is
the most necessary for both the team members and the leader. Here are some helpful suggestions.
Don’t criticize (批评) other people. Listen to other people actively and think about
When someone on your team does
their ideas carefully.
something wrong, don’t criticize them.
When someone tells you about their ideas, you should
You can help them to find the reasons listen to them actively and think about their ideas
and then help them to solve the carefully, no matter how silly they may seem. This
problem. Criticizing your team shows you are interested in their ideas and makes
members too often may make them them feel good. If you are unclear about something,
want to keep away from you. As a you should ask them about it. By doing this you can
result, you may feel lonely. clear up any confusion (困惑) before moving on.
Share your own ideas with other Create an environment where everyone feels
people.
comfortable expressing their thoughts and opinions
When you have a new idea, talk about
without fear.
it with your team members. This helps
This builds trust, leading to a more harmonious (和谐
to make the idea better. Besides, it also
的 ) team. By the way, regular (定 期 的 ) team
helps to make your relationships with
meetings should be held to discuss something
your team members better.
important and necessary.
1．How does the writer start the text
A．By telling a story. B．By showing a saying.
C．By asking a question. D．By explaining an idea.
2．According to the passage, what might happen if a team leader often criticizes team members
A．Team members will work harder to avoid making mistakes.
B．Team members will become more independent and solve problems on their own.
C．Team members will gradually keep themselves away from the leader.
D．Team members will express their opinions more actively to prove themselves.
3．What is the writer’s advice if someone shares their ideas with you
A．To take notes while listening. B．To ask them to move on quickly.
C．To share my interest with them warmly. D．To listen to them actively and think carefully.
4．Which of the following does the writer probably agree to do
A．Show no interest in others’ silly ideas.
B．Keep your new and creative ideas as secrets.
C．Let others find their problems by themselves.
D．Try to create a friendly and comfortable environment.
5．What is the main idea of the text
A．Leaders should communicate with the members.
B．Personal ability is more important than teamwork.
C．Communication is the key to a successful team.
D．Team leaders play a more important role in a team.
B
Giving gifts (礼物) is a way of showing thanks or love, and helps to build friendship. But
you should be careful what you give as gifts. Giving the wrong gifts can make people unhappy.
In China, it’s bad luck to give a clock or an umbrella as a gift. A “red envelope” with
money is the best gift in China. The numbers six and eight are always lucky numbers in China.
In Japan, you should not give a comb (头梳) as a gift. It sounds like the Japanese word
which means the end of life. You can give tea as a gift. Japanese don’t like the number nine.
In Russia, you should not give the yellow things or candles to others. Giving people money
is not polite (礼貌的). People like the numbers one and seven.
In Brazil, knives should not be given as gifts. They mean the end of friendship.
In France, there are a lot of wines, so giving wine (葡萄酒) as a gift isn’t a good idea. You
can give flowers, but not carnations. People often show their love for their mothers by giving them
in some countries. But in the eyes of Frenchmen, carnations can bring bad luck.
In all, it is important for you to know about the rules of giving gifts in different countries.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．People in China like to have ________ as a gift best.
A．a clock B．a book C．an umbrella D．a “red envelope”
2．In ________, you had better not give people a comb.
A．Japan B．Russia C．China D．Brazil
3．The numbers ________ are lucky numbers in Russia.
A．6&8 B．1&7 C．7&9 D．1&8
4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that “carnations” are ________.
A．a kind of wine B．a kind of food C．a kind of flower D．a kind of candle
5．What can we learn from the passage
A．In Brazil, giving a knife as a gift is polite (有礼貌的).
B．In France, people don’t like drinking wine.
C．Giving the wrong gifts is a way of showing love.
D．Different countries have different rules of giving gifts.
C
People already knew that pigs can learn to “sit” and “come” as we order. Research shows
pigs are even cleverer than we thought. They are able to play video games.
Researchers at Purdue University in the USA did the research on pigs’ game skills. The
researchers were surprised that their test pigs were able to play some games. Researchers got four
pigs, named Ebony, Hamlet, Ivory and Omelet, to play a simple game at different levels. They had
to move a handle (把手) with their nose to make a cursor (光标) move to a bright blue wall on the
screen. If they were successful, they got a delicious treat. Dr. Candace Coney, the leader, said, “It’
s very clear that they understood what they were being asked to do.” The research is in a paper in
the magazine Frontiers in Psychology.
It took a lot of efforts to do the research. The pigs spent many days playing the game.
During the last 50 rounds, the pigs played the game at three different levels. If they were
successful at one level, they moved to the next level. The higher the levels, the better the treats. A
scientist said, “The pigs clearly understood the connection between their own behavior, the
handle, and what was happening on the screen. It was not a snap for them.”
Dr. Coney said, “It is important to understand how pigs get information, and what they are
able to learn and remember. This will help us to learn what pigs think of interacting (互动) with
humans and understand what pigs think of different environments..
1．What makes the writer think pigs are even cleverer than we thought
A．Pigs can play video games. B．Pigs can “sit” and “come”.
C．Pigs can follow some orders. D．Pigs can do research work.
2．Where did the researcher show the result of the research
A．Purdue University website. B．A blue wall on the screen.
C．Dr. Coney’s personal website. D．Frontiers in Psychology.
3．How many levels does the game for pigs have
A．4. B．50. C．3. D．1.
4．How could the pigs win better treats in the game
A．By passing the game in higher levels.
B．By making a lot of efforts to research.
C．By reaching a bright blue wall quickly.
D．By spending many days playing the game.
5．What’s the best title for the text
A．Clever pigs B．Video games
C．Pigs and humans D．Pigs and games
【提升试题】
A
Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space mission (任务) It’s called
Shenzhou-19, and it’s another amazing journey to our space station. Three astronauts, Cai Xuzhe,
Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are part of this mission. Cai is the commander (指令长), and he
once flew to space in 2022 with the Shenzhou-14 mission. Both Song and Wang were born in the
1990s. They are new to space travel, but they are very experienced. Song used to be an air force
pilot, and Wang is China’s only woman space fight engineer. She is also the third Chinese woman
to go on a space mission after Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.
The Shenzhou-19 spaceship took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the early
morning on October 30, 2024. They went up into space and met the Shenzhou-18 astronauts at the
space station. They will stay there for months and do many important jobs. During their time in
space, the astronauts will do scientific experiments, go on spacewalks, and even help with
building and fixing things outside the space station. They will also teach us about space through
educational activities. After their work is done, they are expected to come back to the earth in late
April or early May this year.
Let’s keep our eyes on the stars and dream about the exciting things we can learn from this
mission. Maybe one day we’ll be part of China’s space adventures (冒险) too.
1．What can we learn about Wang Haoze
A．She was a pilot before.
B．She was born in the 1990s.
C．She carried out the Shenzhou-14 mission.
D．She is the first Chinese woman to go to space.
2．What will the astronauts do during the mission
a. do some experiments b. go on spacewalks
c. walk on the moon d. teach students about space
A．abc B．bcd C．abd D．abcd
3．What does the underlined word “They” in the second paragraph refer to
A．The Shenzhou-19 astronauts. B．The Shenzhou-18 astronauts.
C．Liu Yang and Wang Yaping. D．Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze.
4．How long will the astronauts stay in space
A．For about a month. B．For less than three months.
C．For around half a year. D．For over a year.
5．What is the article mainly about
A．The history of space exploration. B．Another space mission of China.
C．Astronauts’ personal stories. D．China’s space plan.
B
The opening of the 9th Asian Winter Games took place in Harbin, China, on February 7,
2025.
Joined by children holding ice lanterns, China’s first Winter Olympic champion Yang Yang,
China’s first man Winter Olympic gold medalist Han Xiaopeng, Olympic race walk champion
Wang Zhen, and Sochi Winter Olympic speed skating champion Zhang Hong lit the fire in the
shape of a flower at the Harbin Ice-Snow World, the world’s largest ice-and-snow theme park.
The mascots (吉祥物) of the Games are two cute tigers named “Binbin” and “Nini”. Binbin
stands for ice sports, while Nini is for snow events. Together, their names mean “Harbin welcomes
you”. The tigers are the symbols of strength, courage, and honesty.
The name of the emblem (徽章) for the 2025 Games is “Breakthrough”. The colors are blue
and purple. It looks like the Chinese character nine for the 9th Games. It also looks like the
Chinese character harmony, showing friendship and peace between Asian countries.
The slogan (口号) of the Games is “Dream of Winter, Love among Asia.” This slogan
shows the idea of bringing Asian countries together through winter sports. It encourages players to
dream big, work hard, and respect each other, just as the Olympic spirit teaches.
1．Match the people with their achievements.
①Yang Yang ②Han Xiaopeng ③Wang Zhen ④Zhang Hong
a. China’s first man Winter Olympic gold medalist
b. China’s first Winter Olympic champion
c. Sochi Winter Olympic speed skating champion
d. Olympic race walk champion
A．①→a; ②→b; ③→c; ④→d B．①→a; ②→b; ③→d; ④→c
C．①→b; ②→a; ③→c; ④→d D．①→b; ②→a; ③→d; ④→c
2．What do the names “Binbin” and “Nini” mean
A．“Being strong” and “Being brave”. B．Welcome to Harbin.
C．Being friendly. D．Olympic Spirit.
3．What does the emblem “Breakthrough” look like
A．It looks like the number 9 and the Chinese character for harmony.
B．It is mainly in blue and green.
C．It looks like a flower.
D．It is shaped like the two mascots.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The emblem shows competition rather than friendship.
B．Players from all over the world can take part in this exciting event.
C．Tigers are chosen to be the mascots because they are the symbol of Harbin.
D．The Olympic spirit asks players to dream big, work hard and respect each other.
5．In which part of the website can we read the passage
A．Sports. B．Travel. C．Culture. D．Lifestyle.
C
Although polar bears live in the Arctic, where temperatures hit-40℃, they stay warm
thanks to their fat and thick fur, which can keep heat in and cold out. But scientists have found
that polar bear fur provides something more than that. It also has oil that keeps ice from building
up at all.
At first the researchers thought the structure of polar bear fur was what kept ice from
sticking to it, but when they examined the fur under a microscope, they realized that wasn’t the
case. They noticed something else, however: The fur was very oily. The team guessed that could
be what kept the fur from freezing.
To check their idea, they froze blocks of ice onto washed and unwashed polar bear fur,
human hair, and ski equipment, which is covered with chemicals that reduce friction (摩擦力).
Then they worked out how much force was needed to remove (移开) the ice from each of these
materials.
Ice was easily removed from the unwashed, oily polar bear fur and the ski equipment. It
was harder to remove from the human hair and about four times harder to remove from the
washed fur. After finding out why the ice wasn’t sticking, the team carefully studied the oil itself.
They found that it was full of chemicals that keep ice away.
Hopefully, the findings will lead to the creation of materials that don’t get icy. Now, some
of the chemicals used to keep skis ice-free are harmful to the environment.
1．What do we know about polar bears’ fur
A．It is difficult to wash. B．It stops ice from forming.
C．It is thicker than other furs. D．It produces heat for polar bears.
2．What did scientists believe avoided the buildup of ice on the fur in the beginning
A．The weight of the microscope. B．The oil of the fur.
C．The material of the microscope. D．The structure of the fur.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The test of ice removal force. B．The tips on freezing ice blocks.
C．The chemicals in polar bear fur. D．The comparison among materials.
4．Which product can benefit from the research findings
A．Ice maker. B．Ski shoe. C．Washing machine. D．Air conditioner.
5．In which part of a magazine can you read this passage
A．Culture. B．People. C．Science. D．Environment.
【拔高试题】
A
Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table A new
study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet
healthy.
Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed
food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet
is not good for our pet dogs, either.
The scientists discovered that the foods a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs,
fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having
different kinds of foods leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things,
too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some
are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化)
food.
A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study 4,500 of them were under 6 months
old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what foods
they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported
that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss.
However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to
experience CE symptoms later in life.
Dr. Anna Hielm-Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as
providing a complete diet... But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12
years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different ”
1．What does the underlined part “this diet” in the passage refer to
A．dry processed dog food B．mixed food
C．eggs, fish, meat and vegetables D．varied foods
2．According to the new study, dog owners ________.
A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food”
C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves
3．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________.
A．dogs need different kinds of foods B．little living things stay in human bodies
C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home
4．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable
A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers.
5．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from
A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture.
B
Building a country is never easy. But how about making one disappear A new report said a
long time of climate (气候) change could do that. It also said Tuvalu would be the first country to
be completely lost because of climate change.
Tuvalu, a Pacific island country with many small islands, is near Australia, lying in the
South Hemisphere (南半球) and there are only 12,000 people in this country. Now, 40 percent of
the area in its capital is underwater.
▲ . They don’t want to lose their country, so they plan to build a new one in the metaverse
(元宇宙). It is a digital (数字化) country that only shows online. No matter where Tuvalu people
live in the real world, they will still have their nationality (国籍) and “live” in its online country.
For example, if a Tuvaluan misses the beautiful butterflies and the soft wind in their hometown, he
can enter their digital country online and enjoy them.
This news made people in Tuvalu excited. But Li Zuxi, a director of the metaverse lab, said,
“Though the digital country belongs to Tuvalu, it’s built on a metaverse platform (平台). Now, the
metaverse is not perfect, which may bring some problems. He gave us an example. If someone
from other countries enters the space of the digital country, how can the system tell if the person
truly belongs to that country. In such situations, the safety of this digital country can’t be made
sure of.”
However, many island countries disagree with Li Zuxi. They say that building a digital
country may be new, but this is the only way for people in those island countries to be connected.
Why not have a try
Actually, whether people will build it or not, saving the real world and creating a better
living environment should be paid the most attention to.
1．From the picture, Tuvalu lies in the place of ________.
A．L1 B．L2 C．L3 D．L4
2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲
A．The government of Tuvalu hasn’t done enough to save the country
B．Whether the country will disappear depends on how Tuvalu people protect the
environment
C．People from all over the world are trying to save Tuvalu from disappearing
D．Facing the disappearing of their country, all Tuvalu people are so sad
3．What do we know about Tuvalu in the metaverse
A．The “new” Tuvalu is larger than the real one.
B．It has no records of culture and history.
C．People of the “new” Tuvalu have no identity.
D．People can find the same buildings as they are now.
4．From Li Zuxi’s words, we can infer that ________.
A．the digital country in the metaverse is perfect enough now
B．there is a long way to go if people want to build a country in the metaverse
C．people can’t make sure of the safety of the digital country
D．all the island countries are building a digital country in the metaverse
5．The structure of this passage is ________. (P1: Paragraph 1 P2: Paragraph 2…)
A．
B．．
C．
D．
C
A report has shown that many people look at their mobile phones when crossing the road.
When they focus on their screens, they won’t notice the surrounding environment. That’s why you
often see traffic accidents in many places.
Recently, hundreds of pedestrians (行人) in Tianjin have been punished for looking at their
phones or other devices(设备) while crossing the road. Since Jan. 1, the government has been
setting rules to control such behavior and has punished at least 345 pedestrians. The rules stipulate
that distracted(思想不集中的) pedestrians first receive a warning or possibly a fine of 50 yuan if
they refuse to correct it.
The warning is not a simple reminder, just like verbal persuasion(言语劝说), but it is a
legal(合法的) process with a legal punishment notice. Those who refuse to solve it with the traffic
police or whose behaviors have harmed other people’s traffic safety will be fined 50 yuan.
The new rule is aimed at raising people’s sense in safety when they focus on their screens
while walking.
There is a rising number of people who focus on their screens while crossing roads, which
raises the risk of traffic accidents. And the strict measures in traffic management are improving
pedestrian safety, as the traffic death has dropped by 10 percent year-on-year on average (平均).
More measures are in great need to help protect local people’s lives. Many people have shown
their support for the rules on social media.
1．Why do traffic accidents often happen in many places
A．Because the screens on the road are attractive.
B．Because all people keep looking at their mobile phones.
C．Because many people don’t like to notice the surrounding environment.
D．Because many pedestrians are attracted by their screens when crossing the road.
2．Which of the following may get a fine according to the text
A． B．
C． D．
3．The underlined word “stipulate” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A．规定 B．调查
C．推进 D．推测
4．What’s the aim of the government to set such a rule
A．It’s for verbal persuasion.
B．It’s for the legal process.
C．It’s only for punishing pedestrians who read mobile phones while walking.
D．It’s for reminding the danger when people focus on their screens while walking.
5．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．We must express our support for the rules on social media.
B．We should not be distracted by our mobile phones when crossing the road.
C．The strict measures in traffic management are good for improving pedestrian safety.
D．More and more people prefer focusing on their screens while they walk across the road.阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、复杂信息整合与逻辑梳理
多步骤实验/流程说明：如福建一模试题中卡普雷卡尔常数（6174）的数学实验，需按步骤
推导并验证结果，干扰项常设置步骤顺序错误或计算偏差。
跨学科知识融合：涉及科学（如光合作用）、地理（如南极绿化）、文化（如非遗技艺）等
多领域内容，要求考生具备综合理解能力。
2、长难句与专业术语理解
高密度术语：如“Kaprekar’s constant”“eco-friendly materials”等词汇可能超出课标，需通过上
下文或构词法（如“-ology”表学科）推测词义。
复合句拆解：如定语从句（“which was discovered by...”）、条件状语从句（“if...then...”）的
逻辑关系需精准把握。
3、隐含意图与深层含义
作者观点推断：如环保类说明文可能通过数据对比暗示人类活动对生态的影响，需结合结论
句（如“Therefore, immediate actions are needed”）判断态度。
文化背景差异：如介绍福建木偶戏时，需理解其历史渊源与现代传承的对比关系。
4、图表与数据解析
信息匹配题：如对比不同材料的性能参数（硬度、成本），需快速定位表格关键列并排除干
扰数据。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1、预判文本类型与结构
识别说明对象：通过标题（如“How to Protect Coral Reefs”）判断主题，明确说明目的是科普
知识、操作指南还是现象分析。
结构标记法：
总分式：首段总述，分述段落以“Firstly/Secondly”引导（如福建真题中介绍无人机配送的流
程）。
递进式：按现象→原因→解决方案展开（如环保类文章“污染现状→成因→治理措施”）。
2、精准定位与分层阅读
关键词扫描：时间（e.g., “in 2024”）、数字（e.g., “6174”）、专有名词（e.g., “Kaprekar”）
优先定位。
分层处理：
细节层：直接提取数据、步骤（如实验操作顺序）。
逻辑层：关注因果（because/thus）、对比（however/compared to）等信号词，梳理段落间关
系。
3、长难句拆解与术语处理
语法分析法：拆分复合句主干（如“The study, which was conducted by...”, 主干为“The study
was conducted”）。
术语推测法：
前缀/后缀（e.g., “bio-degradable”中“bio-”表“生物”）。
上下文线索（如“Kaprekar’s constant”后接实验步骤，推测为“数学常数”）。
4、推理与主旨归纳
隐含观点题：通过作者态度词（e.g., “remarkably effective”“controversial”）判断倾向，避免
主观臆断。
主旨题：首尾段高频词+段落核心句整合（如环保文高频词“sustainable”“reduce pollution”）。
三、2025 年命题趋势预测
1、本土文化与科技热点结合
福建元素：可能涉及非遗技艺（如福建土楼建造技艺）、海洋保护（如红树林生态）等主题，
结合科学原理说明（如土楼的抗震结构）。
科技应用：如 AI 农业（智能灌溉系统）、新能源（氢能源汽车）相关说明文，强调技术原
理与社会价值。
2、题型设计创新
多模态文本：图文结合（如流程图+步骤说明）、数据图表（柱状图对比材料性能）占比提
升。
开放式设问：如“Which of the following can be inferred from the passage ”需结合多段落信息综
合推理。
3、高频考点分布
细节理解题（40%）：直接提取实验步骤、数据或定义（如“Kaprekar’s constant”的定义）。
推理判断题（30%）：推断作者意图或现象成因（如“为何某材料适合环保包装”）。
词义猜测题（15%）：结合上下文推测科技术语（如“photovoltaic cells”指“太阳能电池”）。
主旨题（15%）：归纳科技/文化类文章的核心观点。
四、备考建议
1、强化跨学科词汇积累
整 理 科 技 （ renewable energy, nanotechnology） 、 文 化 （ heritage preservation, traditional
craftsmanship）高频词，结合例句记忆。
2、真题模拟与结构分析
精练福建近 3 年说明文（如 2024 年“无人机配送”），标注段落逻辑词（however/therefore），
总结常见结构模板。
3、长难句专项训练
每日拆解 2-3 个复合句（如定语从句嵌套状语从句），标注主干与修饰成分，提升信息处理
速度。
4、关注社会热点与科技动态
阅读英文版福建本地新闻（如《福建日报》科技专栏），积累新兴技术（如区块链在农业溯
源中的应用）相关表达。
【基础试题】
A
Do you know what a team needs most If people on your team are not good at
communication, you may often feel terrible. To create a successful team, good communication is
the most necessary for both the team members and the leader. Here are some helpful suggestions.
Don’t criticize (批评) other people. Listen to other people actively and think about
When someone on your team does
their ideas carefully.
something wrong, don’t criticize them.
When someone tells you about their ideas, you should
You can help them to find the reasons listen to them actively and think about their ideas
and then help them to solve the carefully, no matter how silly they may seem. This
problem. Criticizing your team shows you are interested in their ideas and makes
members too often may make them them feel good. If you are unclear about something,
want to keep away from you. As a you should ask them about it. By doing this you can
result, you may feel lonely. clear up any confusion (困惑) before moving on.
Share your own ideas with other Create an environment where everyone feels
people.
comfortable expressing their thoughts and opinions
When you have a new idea, talk about
without fear.
it with your team members. This helps
This builds trust, leading to a more harmonious (和谐
to make the idea better. Besides, it also
的 ) team. By the way, regular (定 期 的 ) team
helps to make your relationships with
meetings should be held to discuss something
your team members better.
important and necessary.
1．How does the writer start the text
A．By telling a story. B．By showing a saying.
C．By asking a question. D．By explaining an idea.
2．According to the passage, what might happen if a team leader often criticizes team members
A．Team members will work harder to avoid making mistakes.
B．Team members will become more independent and solve problems on their own.
C．Team members will gradually keep themselves away from the leader.
D．Team members will express their opinions more actively to prove themselves.
3．What is the writer’s advice if someone shares their ideas with you
A．To take notes while listening. B．To ask them to move on quickly.
C．To share my interest with them warmly. D．To listen to them actively and think carefully.
4．Which of the following does the writer probably agree to do
A．Show no interest in others’ silly ideas.
B．Keep your new and creative ideas as secrets.
C．Let others find their problems by themselves.
D．Try to create a friendly and comfortable environment.
5．What is the main idea of the text
A．Leaders should communicate with the members.
B．Personal ability is more important than teamwork.
C．Communication is the key to a successful team.
D．Team leaders play a more important role in a team.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】说明文、意见/建议
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了为打造成功团队，团队成员和领导者应具备良好沟
通能力，并给出了一些实用建议。
1．细节理解题。根据“Do you know...needs most ”可知，此处作者以提问的方式开篇。故选
C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Criticizing your team members too often may make them want to keep
away from you.”可知，经常批评团队成员可能会使他们逐渐远离领导者。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“When someone tells you about their ideas, you should listen to them
actively and think about their ideas carefully, no matter how silly they may seem.”可知，当有人分
享想法时，应该积极倾听并认真思考。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据“Create an environment where everyone feels comfortable expressing their
thoughts and opinions without fear.”可知，作者可能会认同努力营造友好舒适的环境这一做
法。故选 D。
5．主旨大意题。根据“To create a successful team, good communication is the most necessary for
both the team members and the leader.”可知，本文主要强调沟通是打造成功团队的关键。故选
C。
B
Giving gifts (礼物) is a way of showing thanks or love, and helps to build friendship. But
you should be careful what you give as gifts. Giving the wrong gifts can make people unhappy.
In China, it’s bad luck to give a clock or an umbrella as a gift. A “red envelope” with
money is the best gift in China. The numbers six and eight are always lucky numbers in China.
In Japan, you should not give a comb (头梳) as a gift. It sounds like the Japanese word
which means the end of life. You can give tea as a gift. Japanese don’t like the number nine.
In Russia, you should not give the yellow things or candles to others. Giving people money
is not polite (礼貌的). People like the numbers one and seven.
In Brazil, knives should not be given as gifts. They mean the end of friendship.
In France, there are a lot of wines, so giving wine (葡萄酒) as a gift isn’t a good idea. You
can give flowers, but not carnations. People often show their love for their mothers by giving them
in some countries. But in the eyes of Frenchmen, carnations can bring bad luck.
In all, it is important for you to know about the rules of giving gifts in different countries.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．People in China like to have ________ as a gift best.
A．a clock B．a book C．an umbrella D．a “red envelope”
2．In ________, you had better not give people a comb.
A．Japan B．Russia C．China D．Brazil
3．The numbers ________ are lucky numbers in Russia.
A．6&8 B．1&7 C．7&9 D．1&8
4．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that “carnations” are ________.
A．a kind of wine B．a kind of food C．a kind of flower D．a kind of candle
5．What can we learn from the passage
A．In Brazil, giving a knife as a gift is polite (有礼貌的).
B．In France, people don’t like drinking wine.
C．Giving the wrong gifts is a way of showing love.
D．Different countries have different rules of giving gifts.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】说明文、文化差异
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家的礼物赠送习俗和禁忌，强调了了解不同国家的礼物赠送
规则的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据“A ‘red envelope’ with money is the best gift in China.”可知，中国人最喜
欢收到的礼物是红包。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“In Japan, you should not give a comb (头梳) as a gift.”可知，你在日本最
好不要送梳子作为礼物。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据“People like the numbers one and seven.”可知，俄罗斯人认为 1 和 7 是
吉利的数字。故选 B。
4．词句猜测题。根据“You can give flowers, but not carnations.”可知，“carnations”是不能作为
礼物的花，所以推断出“carnations”是一种花。故选 C。
5．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了不同国家的礼物赠送习俗和禁忌，强调了了解不同国家的
礼物赠送规则的重要性，所以我们可以从文章中学到不同的国家有不同的送礼规则。故选D。
C
People already knew that pigs can learn to “sit” and “come” as we order. Research shows
pigs are even cleverer than we thought. They are able to play video games.
Researchers at Purdue University in the USA did the research on pigs’ game skills. The
researchers were surprised that their test pigs were able to play some games. Researchers got four
pigs, named Ebony, Hamlet, Ivory and Omelet, to play a simple game at different levels. They had
to move a handle (把手) with their nose to make a cursor (光标) move to a bright blue wall on the
screen. If they were successful, they got a delicious treat. Dr. Candace Coney, the leader, said, “It’
s very clear that they understood what they were being asked to do.” The research is in a paper in
the magazine Frontiers in Psychology.
It took a lot of efforts to do the research. The pigs spent many days playing the game.
During the last 50 rounds, the pigs played the game at three different levels. If they were
successful at one level, they moved to the next level. The higher the levels, the better the treats. A
scientist said, “The pigs clearly understood the connection between their own behavior, the
handle, and what was happening on the screen. It was not a snap for them.”
Dr. Coney said, “It is important to understand how pigs get information, and what they are
able to learn and remember. This will help us to learn what pigs think of interacting (互动) with
humans and understand what pigs think of different environments..
1．What makes the writer think pigs are even cleverer than we thought
A．Pigs can play video games. B．Pigs can “sit” and “come”.
C．Pigs can follow some orders. D．Pigs can do research work.
2．Where did the researcher show the result of the research
A．Purdue University website. B．A blue wall on the screen.
C．Dr. Coney’s personal website. D．Frontiers in Psychology.
3．How many levels does the game for pigs have
A．4. B．50. C．3. D．1.
4．How could the pigs win better treats in the game
A．By passing the game in higher levels.
B．By making a lot of efforts to research.
C．By reaching a bright blue wall quickly.
D．By spending many days playing the game.
5．What’s the best title for the text
A．Clever pigs B．Video games
C．Pigs and humans D．Pigs and games
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】说明文、科普知识、常见动物
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究进一步发现猪比我们认为的更聪明，它们甚至
能玩电子游戏。
1．细节理解题。根据“Research shows pigs are even cleverer than we thought. They are able to
play video games.”可知使作者认为猪比我们认为的更聪明，是因为它们能玩电子游戏，故选
A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The research is in a paper in the magazine Frontiers in Psychology”可知
研究发表在杂志《心理学前沿》上，故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据“During the last 50 rounds, the pigs played the game at three different levels”
可知猪在三个不同的水平上玩了游戏，故选 C。
4．细节理解题。根据“The higher the levels, the better the treats.”可知水平越高，得到的待遇
越好，故选 A。
5．最佳标题题。根据文章可知全文讲述了在研究中发现猪比我们认为的要聪明的多，故选
A。
【提升试题】
A
Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space mission (任务) It’s called
Shenzhou-19, and it’s another amazing journey to our space station. Three astronauts, Cai Xuzhe,
Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, are part of this mission. Cai is the commander (指令长), and he
once flew to space in 2022 with the Shenzhou-14 mission. Both Song and Wang were born in the
1990s. They are new to space travel, but they are very experienced. Song used to be an air force
pilot, and Wang is China’s only woman space fight engineer. She is also the third Chinese woman
to go on a space mission after Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.
The Shenzhou-19 spaceship took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the early
morning on October 30, 2024. They went up into space and met the Shenzhou-18 astronauts at the
space station. They will stay there for months and do many important jobs. During their time in
space, the astronauts will do scientific experiments, go on spacewalks, and even help with
building and fixing things outside the space station. They will also teach us about space through
educational activities. After their work is done, they are expected to come back to the earth in late
April or early May this year.
Let’s keep our eyes on the stars and dream about the exciting things we can learn from this
mission. Maybe one day we’ll be part of China’s space adventures (冒险) too.
1．What can we learn about Wang Haoze
A．She was a pilot before.
B．She was born in the 1990s.
C．She carried out the Shenzhou-14 mission.
D．She is the first Chinese woman to go to space.
2．What will the astronauts do during the mission
a. do some experiments b. go on spacewalks
c. walk on the moon d. teach students about space
A．abc B．bcd C．abd D．abcd
3．What does the underlined word “They” in the second paragraph refer to
A．The Shenzhou-19 astronauts. B．The Shenzhou-18 astronauts.
C．Liu Yang and Wang Yaping. D．Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze.
4．How long will the astronauts stay in space
A．For about a month. B．For less than three months.
C．For around half a year. D．For over a year.
5．What is the article mainly about
A．The history of space exploration. B．Another space mission of China.
C．Astronauts’ personal stories. D．China’s space plan.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、航天与航空
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国神舟十九号载人航天任务，包括宇航员信息、
发射情况、宇航员在太空的任务以及预计返回时间等内容。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第 1 段“Both Song and Wang were born in the 1990s.”可推知，王浩
泽出生于 20 世纪 90 年代 。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第 2 段“During their time in space, the astronauts will do scientific
experiments, go on spacewalks, and even help with building and fixing things outside the space
station. They will also teach us about space through educational activities.”可知，宇航员在任务
期间会做实验、进行太空行走、通过教育活动给大家讲解太空知识，文中未提及在月球行走。
所以 a、b、d 正确。故选 C。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第 2 段“The Shenzhou-19 spaceship took off... They went up into space
and met the Shenzhou-18 astronauts...”以及“They will stay there for months and do many
important jobs.”可知，“They”指的是执行神舟十九号任务的宇航员们。故选 A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第 2 段“They went up into space... in the early morning on October 30,
2024.”以及“they are expected to come back to the earth in late April or early May this year”可
知，神舟十九号于 2024 年 10 月 30 日发射，预计今年 4 月底或 5 月初返回地球，大约在太
空待半年时间 。故选 C。
5．主旨大意题。文章开篇以“Do you know that China has carried out another exciting space
mission ”引出话题，主要围绕中国神舟十九号航天任务展开介绍 ，包括任务相关的宇航员、
任务内容等。故选 B。
B
The opening of the 9th Asian Winter Games took place in Harbin, China, on February 7,
2025.
Joined by children holding ice lanterns, China’s first Winter Olympic champion Yang Yang,
China’s first man Winter Olympic gold medalist Han Xiaopeng, Olympic race walk champion
Wang Zhen, and Sochi Winter Olympic speed skating champion Zhang Hong lit the fire in the
shape of a flower at the Harbin Ice-Snow World, the world’s largest ice-and-snow theme park.
The mascots (吉祥物) of the Games are two cute tigers named “Binbin” and “Nini”. Binbin
stands for ice sports, while Nini is for snow events. Together, their names mean “Harbin welcomes
you”. The tigers are the symbols of strength, courage, and honesty.
The name of the emblem (徽章) for the 2025 Games is “Breakthrough”. The colors are blue
and purple. It looks like the Chinese character nine for the 9th Games. It also looks like the
Chinese character harmony, showing friendship and peace between Asian countries.
The slogan (口号) of the Games is “Dream of Winter, Love among Asia.” This slogan
shows the idea of bringing Asian countries together through winter sports. It encourages players to
dream big, work hard, and respect each other, just as the Olympic spirit teaches.
1．Match the people with their achievements.
①Yang Yang ②Han Xiaopeng ③Wang Zhen ④Zhang Hong
a. China’s first man Winter Olympic gold medalist
b. China’s first Winter Olympic champion
c. Sochi Winter Olympic speed skating champion
d. Olympic race walk champion
A．①→a; ②→b; ③→c; ④→d B．①→a; ②→b; ③→d; ④→c
C．①→b; ②→a; ③→c; ④→d D．①→b; ②→a; ③→d; ④→c
2．What do the names “Binbin” and “Nini” mean
A．“Being strong” and “Being brave”. B．Welcome to Harbin.
C．Being friendly. D．Olympic Spirit.
3．What does the emblem “Breakthrough” look like
A．It looks like the number 9 and the Chinese character for harmony.
B．It is mainly in blue and green.
C．It looks like a flower.
D．It is shaped like the two mascots.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The emblem shows competition rather than friendship.
B．Players from all over the world can take part in this exciting event.
C．Tigers are chosen to be the mascots because they are the symbol of Harbin.
D．The Olympic spirit asks players to dream big, work hard and respect each other.
5．In which part of the website can we read the passage
A．Sports. B．Travel. C．Culture. D．Lifestyle.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】国际赛事、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第九届亚洲冬季运动会的一些相关内容，介绍了在
开幕式上点火的运动员们的身份和荣誉，介绍了两只吉祥物的名字以及他们的寓意，并且介
绍了徽章的名称、外形和寓意，最后还介绍了本届亚冬会口号体现的理念以及传递的精神。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段进行信息对应，由“China’s first Winter Olympic champion Yang
Yang”可知，Yang Yang 对应 b；由“China’s first man Winter Olympic gold medalist Han
Xiaopeng”可知，Han Xiaopeng 对应 a；由“Olympic race walk champion Wang Zhen”可知，
Wang Zhen 对应 d；由“Sochi Winter Olympic speed skating champion Zhang Hong”可知，Zhang
Hong 对应 c。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话“Together, their names mean...”可知，吉祥物的名
字的寓意是“哈尔滨欢迎您”。故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句话“It looks like the Chinese character nine for the
9th Games. It also looks like the Chinese character harmony...”可知，徽章的外形像数字 9，也像
汉字“和”。故选 A。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“It encourages players to dream big, work hard, and respect
each other, just as the Olympic spirit teaches.”可推测，“dream big, work hard, and respect each
other”既是本届亚冬会的口号想传递的精神，也是奥林匹克精神所表达的内容。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。根据文章整体表达的关于第九届亚洲冬季运动会的一些相关内容可推测，
这个文章是关于体育相关的，所以可以在涉及体育的网站看到，体育是 sports。故选 A。
C
Although polar bears live in the Arctic, where temperatures hit-40℃, they stay warm
thanks to their fat and thick fur, which can keep heat in and cold out. But scientists have found
that polar bear fur provides something more than that. It also has oil that keeps ice from building
up at all.
At first the researchers thought the structure of polar bear fur was what kept ice from
sticking to it, but when they examined the fur under a microscope, they realized that wasn’t the
case. They noticed something else, however: The fur was very oily. The team guessed that could
be what kept the fur from freezing.
To check their idea, they froze blocks of ice onto washed and unwashed polar bear fur,
human hair, and ski equipment, which is covered with chemicals that reduce friction (摩擦力).
Then they worked out how much force was needed to remove (移开) the ice from each of these
materials.
Ice was easily removed from the unwashed, oily polar bear fur and the ski equipment. It
was harder to remove from the human hair and about four times harder to remove from the
washed fur. After finding out why the ice wasn’t sticking, the team carefully studied the oil itself.
They found that it was full of chemicals that keep ice away.
Hopefully, the findings will lead to the creation of materials that don’t get icy. Now, some
of the chemicals used to keep skis ice-free are harmful to the environment.
1．What do we know about polar bears’ fur
A．It is difficult to wash. B．It stops ice from forming.
C．It is thicker than other furs. D．It produces heat for polar bears.
2．What did scientists believe avoided the buildup of ice on the fur in the beginning
A．The weight of the microscope. B．The oil of the fur.
C．The material of the microscope. D．The structure of the fur.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The test of ice removal force. B．The tips on freezing ice blocks.
C．The chemicals in polar bear fur. D．The comparison among materials.
4．Which product can benefit from the research findings
A．Ice maker. B．Ski shoe. C．Washing machine. D．Air conditioner.
5．In which part of a magazine can you read this passage
A．Culture. B．People. C．Science. D．Environment.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、科普知识
【导语】本文主要讲述了科学家对北极熊皮毛的研究，发现其不仅能够保暖，还能防止冰的
积累。
1．细节理解题。根据“But scientists have found that polar bear fur provides something more than
that. It also has oil that keeps ice from building up at all.”可知，北极熊的毛发含有油脂，能够防
止冰的形成。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“At first the researchers thought the structure of polar bear fur was what kept
ice from sticking to it, but when they examined the fur under a microscope, they realized that
wasn’t the case.”可知，科学家最初认为北极熊毛发的结构是防止冰附着的原因。故选 D。
3．主旨大意题。第三段主要描述了科学家如何通过实验测试不同材料上冰块的移除力，包
括未清洗的北极熊毛发、清洗后的北极熊毛发、人类头发和滑雪设备。因此，本段主要讨论
的是冰块移除力的测试。故选 A。
4．推理判断题。根据“Hopefully, the findings will lead to the creation of materials that don’t get
icy. Now, some of the chemicals used to keep skis ice-free are harmful to the environment.”可知，
研究结果可能有助于开发不结冰的材料，特别是滑雪设备。故选 B。
5．推理判断题。文章主要讨论了北极熊毛发的特性及其在科学上的应用，属于科学研究的
范畴。因此，这篇文章最可能出现在杂志的“科学”部分。故选 C。
【拔高试题】
A
Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table A new
study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet
healthy.
Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed
food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet
is not good for our pet dogs, either.
The scientists discovered that the foods a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs,
fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having
different kinds of foods leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things,
too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some
are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化)
food.
A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study 4,500 of them were under 6 months
old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what foods
they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported
that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss.
However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to
experience CE symptoms later in life.
Dr. Anna Hielm-Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as
providing a complete diet... But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12
years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different ”
1．What does the underlined part “this diet” in the passage refer to
A．dry processed dog food B．mixed food
C．eggs, fish, meat and vegetables D．varied foods
2．According to the new study, dog owners ________.
A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food”
C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves
3．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________.
A．dogs need different kinds of foods B．little living things stay in human bodies
C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home
4．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable
A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples.
C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers.
5．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from
A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】食物、说明文、宠物
【导语】本文介绍了“人类食物”实际上可能有助于保持宠物健康。
1．词句猜测题。根据“Many dogs are fed dry processed food Science has shown that a diet of
processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland,
say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either.”可知，食用加工食品对人体不健康，这种饮食
对我们的宠物狗也不好。因此 this diet 指的是 dry processed dog food。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The scientists discovered that the foods a dog might find in an owner’s
home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food.”可知，狗
狗在主人家里吃鸡蛋、鱼、肉和蔬菜等食物可能比只吃狗粮更好。故选 B。
3．主旨大意题。根据“This is because having different kinds of foods leads to more variety (多样
性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes.”可知，不同种类
的食物会有助于微生物的多样性，因此宠物需要食用多种类型的食物。故选 A。
4．推理判断题。根据“A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study 4,500 of them were
under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old.”“about 20% of the dogs
showed CE symptoms”和“if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less
possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.”可知，第四段中，作者运用数据来证
明自己的观点。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是针对宠物饮食的科学研究。故选 C。
B
Building a country is never easy. But how about making one disappear A new report said a
long time of climate (气候) change could do that. It also said Tuvalu would be the first country to
be completely lost because of climate change.
Tuvalu, a Pacific island country with many small islands, is near Australia, lying in the
South Hemisphere (南半球) and there are only 12,000 people in this country. Now, 40 percent of
the area in its capital is underwater.
▲ . They don’t want to lose their country, so they plan to build a new one in the metaverse
(元宇宙). It is a digital (数字化) country that only shows online. No matter where Tuvalu people
live in the real world, they will still have their nationality (国籍) and “live” in its online country.
For example, if a Tuvaluan misses the beautiful butterflies and the soft wind in their hometown, he
can enter their digital country online and enjoy them.
This news made people in Tuvalu excited. But Li Zuxi, a director of the metaverse lab, said,
“Though the digital country belongs to Tuvalu, it’s built on a metaverse platform (平台). Now, the
metaverse is not perfect, which may bring some problems. He gave us an example. If someone
from other countries enters the space of the digital country, how can the system tell if the person
truly belongs to that country. In such situations, the safety of this digital country can’t be made
sure of.”
However, many island countries disagree with Li Zuxi. They say that building a digital
country may be new, but this is the only way for people in those island countries to be connected.
Why not have a try
Actually, whether people will build it or not, saving the real world and creating a better
living environment should be paid the most attention to.
1．From the picture, Tuvalu lies in the place of ________.
A．L1 B．L2 C．L3 D．L4
2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲
A．The government of Tuvalu hasn’t done enough to save the country
B．Whether the country will disappear depends on how Tuvalu people protect the
environment
C．People from all over the world are trying to save Tuvalu from disappearing
D．Facing the disappearing of their country, all Tuvalu people are so sad
3．What do we know about Tuvalu in the metaverse
A．The “new” Tuvalu is larger than the real one.
B．It has no records of culture and history.
C．People of the “new” Tuvalu have no identity.
D．People can find the same buildings as they are now.
4．From Li Zuxi’s words, we can infer that ________.
A．the digital country in the metaverse is perfect enough now
B．there is a long way to go if people want to build a country in the metaverse
C．people can’t make sure of the safety of the digital country
D．all the island countries are building a digital country in the metaverse
5．The structure of this passage is ________. (P1: Paragraph 1 P2: Paragraph 2…)
A．
B．．
C．
D．
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】说明文、科学技术、科普知识
【导语】本文讲述了由于气候变化导致海平面上升，图瓦卢将会是第一个被淹没的国家。为
了应对这个问题，图瓦卢决定在虚拟世界建立一个数字国家。
1．细节理解题。根据“Tuvalu, a Pacific island country with many small islands, is near Australia,
lying in the South Hemisphere (南半球)”可知。图瓦卢是一个太平洋岛国，有许多小岛，毗邻
澳大利亚，位于南半球。故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据“They don’t want to lose their country, so they plan to build a new one in the
metaverse (元宇宙).”可知，此段在讲他们不想失去他们的国家，所以他们计划在虚拟世界建
造一个新的国家。可推测出他们对于国家的消失很伤心，故选 D。
3．推理判断题。根据“No matter where Tuvalu people live in the real world, they will still have
their nationality (国籍) and “live” in its online country. For example, if a Tuvaluan misses the
beautiful butterflies and the soft wind in their hometown, he can enter their digital country online
and enjoy them.”无论图瓦卢人生活在现实世界的哪个地方，他们仍然拥有自己的国籍，并“生
活”在这个网络国家。例如，如果一个图瓦卢人想念家乡美丽的蝴蝶和柔和的风，他可以在
线进入他们的数字国家并享受它们。可推断，人们可以找到和现在一样的建筑。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据“Now, the metaverse is not perfect, which may bring some problems. He
gave us an example. If someone from other countries enters the space of the digital country, how
can the system tell if the person truly belongs to that country. In such situations, the safety of this
digital country can’t be made sure of.”现在，虚拟世界并不完美，这可能会带来一些问题。他
给我们举了一个例子。如果来自其他国家的人进入数字国家的空间，系统如何判断该人是否
真正属于那个国家？在这种情况下，这个数字国家的安全无法得到保证。可推断，如果人们
想在虚拟世界中建立一个国家，还有很长的路要走。故选 B。
5．篇章结构题。第一段在提出图瓦卢因为气候变化将消失；第二段介绍图瓦卢目前具体情
况；第三段介绍解决方案；第四段提出了观点；第五段介绍有些人反对这一观点；最后一段
是作者的观点。故选 D。
C
A report has shown that many people look at their mobile phones when crossing the road.
When they focus on their screens, they won’t notice the surrounding environment. That’s why you
often see traffic accidents in many places.
Recently, hundreds of pedestrians (行人) in Tianjin have been punished for looking at their
phones or other devices(设备) while crossing the road. Since Jan. 1, the government has been
setting rules to control such behavior and has punished at least 345 pedestrians. The rules stipulate
that distracted(思想不集中的) pedestrians first receive a warning or possibly a fine of 50 yuan if
they refuse to correct it.
The warning is not a simple reminder, just like verbal persuasion(言语劝说), but it is a
legal(合法的) process with a legal punishment notice. Those who refuse to solve it with the traffic
police or whose behaviors have harmed other people’s traffic safety will be fined 50 yuan.
The new rule is aimed at raising people’s sense in safety when they focus on their screens
while walking.
There is a rising number of people who focus on their screens while crossing roads, which
raises the risk of traffic accidents. And the strict measures in traffic management are improving
pedestrian safety, as the traffic death has dropped by 10 percent year-on-year on average (平均).
More measures are in great need to help protect local people’s lives. Many people have shown
their support for the rules on social media.
1．Why do traffic accidents often happen in many places
A．Because the screens on the road are attractive.
B．Because all people keep looking at their mobile phones.
C．Because many people don’t like to notice the surrounding environment.
D．Because many pedestrians are attracted by their screens when crossing the road.
2．Which of the following may get a fine according to the text
A． B．
C． D．
3．The underlined word “stipulate” in Paragraph 2 means ________ in Chinese.
A．规定 B．调查
C．推进 D．推测
4．What’s the aim of the government to set such a rule
A．It’s for verbal persuasion.
B．It’s for the legal process.
C．It’s only for punishing pedestrians who read mobile phones while walking.
D．It’s for reminding the danger when people focus on their screens while walking.
5．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．We must express our support for the rules on social media.
B．We should not be distracted by our mobile phones when crossing the road.
C．The strict measures in traffic management are good for improving pedestrian safety.
D．More and more people prefer focusing on their screens while they walk across the road.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】交通规则、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了许多人在过马路时会看手机，导致忽略周围环境，从而引发交通事
故。为了提高行人的安全意识，天津政府自 1 月 1 日起开始制定规则来控制这种行为，并对
至少 345 名行人进行了惩罚。
1．细节理解题。根据“A report has shown that many people look at their mobile phones when
crossing the road. When they focus on their screens, they won’t notice the surrounding
environment. That’s why you often see traffic accidents in many places.”可知，因为许多人过马
路时盯着手机屏幕。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Those who refuse to solve it with the traffic police or whose behaviors have
harmed other people’s traffic safety will be fined 50 yuan.”可知，拒绝交警处理或其行为已危害
他人交通安全的，罚款 50 元，图 C 符合题意。故选 C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“distracted(思想不集中的) pedestrians first receive a warning or possibly a
fine of 50 yuan if they refuse to correct it.”可知，that 后面解释的是这个规则的规定是什么，所
以划线单词表示“规定”。故选 A。
4．细节理解题。根据“The new rule is aimed at raising people’s sense in safety when they focus
on their screens while walking.”可知，这项新规定旨在提高人们走路时盯着屏幕的安全意识。
故选 D。
5．段落大意题。根据“And the strict measures in traffic management are improving pedestrian
safety, as the traffic death has dropped by 10 percent year-on-year on average”可知，在严格的措
施下，交通事故死亡率有所下降，由此可推断最后一段想告诉我们严格的交通管理措施有利
于提高行人安全，故选 C。

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