资源简介

Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 学案（含答案）—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master v.-ing
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
动词-ing形式作定语和表语
动词-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类：
动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；
现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。
1. 动词-ing形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别
(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于名词+for +doing sth.
例：No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room (the room for reading).
谁都不准在阅览室里大声说话。
(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词正在进行的动作相当于一个定语从句
例：The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
=The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
(3)过去分词、现在分词以及不定式作定语时的区别
语法 形式 关系
过去分词作定语 done 表示被动、完成
现在分词作定语 doing 表示主动、动作正在进行
being done 表示被动、动作正在进行
不定式作定语 to do 表示主动、动作将要发生
to be done 表示被动、动作将要发生
2. 动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词
(1)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质说明主语的性质、特征等
例：The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
He remained standing beside the table.
他依然站在桌旁。
(2)动名词作表语多说明主语的内容，表示笼统的、抽象的概念。主语和表语可以换位
例：Her job is teaching you English.
=Teaching you English is her job.
她的工作是教你们英语。
(3)与现在事实相反：一般过去时(be动词用were)
(4)与过去事实相反：过去完成时(had done)
(5)与将来事实相反：过去将来时(would/could/might do)
注意：
1. 动词-ing形式作定语和表语是高考语法中的重点，常常出现在阅读理解的长难句中，是语法填空的高频考点，也是打造书面表达中亮点句子的基础。
2. 许多现在分词是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：
moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。这类分词有"令人……的"的含义，常修饰物，可在句中作表语或定语。
例：The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted for television, would be a hit.
导演完全相信，这个感人的故事如果被改编成电视剧，将会大受欢迎。
We all have the opinion that the basketball match was encouraging.
我们都有这个看法，就是这场篮球比赛很鼓舞人心。
3. 不定式和过去分词也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，过去分词则表示被动、完成的含义。
例：Her hobby is painting.
她的爱好是画画。(抽象的、习惯性的动作)
His wish is to become an artist.
他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。(将要发生的动作)
The cup was broken.
茶杯被打碎了。(被动、已完成的动作)
练习：
1. Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses ______ (take) advantage of the celebrations.
2. The Lantern Festival is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, ______ (indicate) harmony, reunion, and the coming back of the spring.
3. The airport ______ (build) at present will help promote tourism in this area.
4. When you provide basic medical care to someone ______ (experience) a sudden injury or illness, it is known as first aid.
5. I sat in the classroom, ______ (wonder) what I could do to get my lost book back.
6. Susan repeated three important points in her speech, ______ (stress) what makes a good speaker.
7. A student will be immediately punished if he is found ______ (cheat) in the exam.
8. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ______ (range) from butterflies to elephants.
9. Successfully ______ (persuade) David not to quit the cross-country race, I smiled with relief.
10. Culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people ______ (belong) to different populations.
答案：
1. taking
2. indicating
3. being built
4. experiencing
5. wondering
6. stressing
7. cheating
8. ranging
9. persuading
10. belonging
四、核心素养对接高考
1. "Melting pot"means a place where people from many different ethnic groups or cultures form a united society. The idea comes from①_____(heat) metals in a container. When they melt, the metals unite and become②_____new and stronger. This term has been used to describe the United States as a nation created from people who came here from many different countries.
A Frenchman who was living in America expressed the idea more than 200 years ago. J. Hector de Crevecoeur③_____(publish) a book called Letters From an American Farmer in 1782. He wrote that America had people from many different countries. He said that they would become a new people④_____work would one day change the world.
For many years, Americans generally accept the idea⑤_____their country is a melting pot. They welcome immigrants from many nations. Yet some of those immigrants criticize the melting pot idea. They feel they are forced to lose their culture and language⑥_____(accept) in America. Other people also criticize the idea. They say the aim of the melting pot is to make different cultures disappear into the one⑦_____(represent) the largest group.
New groups of immigrants from Asia and Latin America are changing the United States today. Some are resisting learning American culture and language. Reports say some Americans fear that the nation is separating into many groups that have no⑧_____(share) purpose. Others say the melting pot is no longer changing the nation's immigrants, but the immigrants are changing America.
Some experts who study immigration say they now compare American society⑨_____a salad bowl. A salad is made of many different foods. They each keep their own taste⑩_____being part of a successful product. In this way, cultural groups keep their customs and language and are still part of American society.
2. Chinese exquisite paper-carving (精致的纸雕) is a flower in Chinese folk art,①_____(have) its origin in the Yu Family living in Xiangyang Temple. Paper-carving artworks used rice paper or Maobian paper, a kind of pale-yellow writing paper②_____(make) from bamboo at that time. In 1998, Leqing exquisite paper-carving works③_____(honor) as the"Only One in China".
The art of exquisite paper carving has a long history in Leqing, and④_____(virtual) it has some connections with the"Dragon-boat lanterns". In the ancient times, during the Spring Festival, nearly every household in Leqing would make⑤_____"Dragon-boat lantern", within which drama figures were often placed. Paper-carving works of various designs and shapes were attached⑥_____both the inner and outer sides of the lanterns.
In paper carving,⑦_____(craft person) usually carve it, thus giving the artwork bright lines and rich expression. The main tool used for paper carving is the graver (雕刻刀) , whose cutting edge is only 0.35millimeter thick. Some⑧_____(skill) artists can cut more than 150 holes a paper per square centimeter.
After 1949, while inheriting the traditions, Chinese exquisite paper carving⑨_____(enter) a new cra with creations in design patterns. Some paper-carving works have been displayed abroad, gaining widespread fame ever since. However,⑩_____fewer people are willing to learn this painstaking folk art these days, it is now close to extinction.
3. Master Xuan Zang is arguably the most famous monk in China today. Born into a family①_____there had been scholars for generations, Xuanzang received a classical Confucian education in his youth, but②_____the influence of his brother, he became interested in Buddhism and wanted to go west to India to learn more about Buddhism.
Being unable to obtain a travel permit, Xuanzang left Chang'an by stealth (秘密行动) in 629. He traveled along③_____we now know as the Silk Road. It took him through countries ruled by powerful leaders who sometimes wanted to keep him in their kingdom rather than allow him to travel on. In the end, however, most kings supported Xuanzang④____(see) his determination to reach India.
In India, Xuanzang spent the main portion of his time at significant Buddhist sites. All⑤_____while, he engaged in scholarly debates. After successfully gathering nearly six hundred manuscripts (手稿), he resolved to return to China after an⑥____(absent) of 16 years.
Xuanzang was still officially a fugitive (逃亡者) in his homeland, China, because he⑦_____(leave) without permission. Xuanzang wrote a letter to the emperor describing what he had learned and asking permission⑧_____(return). The emperor not only welcomed him back, but appointed him a court advisor.
The rest of Xuanzang's life⑨_____(spend) in teaching, advising and translating manuscripts that made the journey home with him. Following his journey, Buddhism became more widely⑩_____(understand) in China.
1.答案：
①heating②something③published④whose⑤of⑥to be accepted⑦representing⑧shared⑨to⑩while/when
解析：
考查动名词。句意：此概念源自把各种金属放到冶炼容器里一起加热这一工序。come from意为"来自于"，from是介词，后接名词或动名词。此处动名词heating作come from的宾语。故填heating。
考查代词。句意：当这些金属熔化时，它们就会混合在一起变成更加坚硬的新物体。此处用不定代词something指代更加坚硬的新物体，作become的宾语，形容词修饰something作定语时应后置，符合题意。故填something。
考查时态。句意：J. Hector de Crevecoeur于1782年出版了一本名为《美国农民来信》的书。由上下文可知，书是过去出版的，该句描述的是过去的事情，故该句应用一般过去时态。故填published。
考查定语从句关系词。句意：他说，他们将成为一个新的民族，他们的工作总有一天会改变世界。分析句子可知，句中先行词为people，"whose+名词"表示谁的，在从句中作主语，意为这个民族的工作。故填whose。
考查介词。句意：多年来，美国人普遍的接受了他们的国家是一个大熔炉的思想。短语the idea of意为……的想法。故填of。
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们觉得为了被美国所接受，他们被迫失去了自己的文化和语言。分析句子结构可知，他们被迫失去自己的文化和语言，是为了被美国接受，此处用动词不定式表目的。主语"they"和"accept"之间是动宾关系，他们被美国接受，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be accepted。
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们说，大熔炉的目的是让不同的文化消失，成为代表最大群体的文化。"represent the largest group"是定语，修饰the one，the one和represent之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填representing。
考查形容词。句意：报道称，一些美国人担心国家正在分裂成许多没有共同目标的群体。purpose为名词，应由share的形容词形式shared来修饰，意为共同的目标。故填shared。
考查介词。句意：一些研究移民的专家说，他们现在把美国社会比作沙拉碗。短语compare…to把……比作……，是固定搭配。故填to。
考查while/when引导的时间状语从句。句意：它们在成为成功产品的一部分的同时，也保持着自己的口味。分析句子可知，此处应为"当成为一部分的同时，保持口味。"应用连词while/when，引导时间状语从句，意为"当……时候，和……同时"，"They each keep their own taste while/when (they are) being part of a successful product."此处从句和主句主语一致，动词为be，可以省略。故填while或者when。
2.答案：
①having②made③were honored④virtually⑤a⑥to⑦craft persons/craft people⑧skillful⑨entered⑩as/because
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国精美的纸雕是中国民间艺术中的一朵花，起源于襄阳寺的余家。此空已经有谓语动词is，而且have和主语是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。故填having。
考查非谓语动词。句意：纸雕刻艺术品使用宣纸或毛边纸，一种淡黄色的书写纸，由竹子制成。此空已经有谓语动词used， 而且make和writing paper是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。故填made。
考查时态和语态。句意：1998年，乐清精美的纸雕作品被评为"全国唯一"。根据时间状语in 1998可知，此处应用一般过去时态，主语Leqing exquisite paper-carving works与honor为被动关系，且主语为复数，所以谓语用复数。故填were honored。
考查副词。句意：精美的纸雕艺术在乐清有着悠久的历史，无形中与"龙舟灯"有着某种联系。修饰后文句子用副词virtually。故填virtually。
考查冠词。句意：在古代，在春节期间，乐清市几乎每家每户都会制作一个"龙舟灯"，里面经常放置戏剧人物。此空前的every和dragon-boat lantern说明这里表示单数，而且lantern是表示泛指，因此用不定冠词，且Dragon-boat lantern是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
考查介词。句意：各种图案和形状的纸雕作品被贴在灯笼的内外。短语be attached to表示"被贴在……"。故填to。
考查名词。句意：在纸雕中，通常由工匠雕刻，从而使艺术品线条明亮，表现力丰富。谓语动词是用的复数形式，而且craft person是可数名词，因此用其复数形式，或用名词people表示"人们"。故填craft persons/craft people。
考查形容词。句意：一些熟练的艺术家可以在每平方厘米的纸上切割150多个洞。修饰名词artists用形容词skillful。故填skillful。
考查时态。句意：1949年后，中国精美的纸雕在继承传统的同时，以图案的创作进入了一个新的阶段。时间状语After 1949说明此空应该用一般过去时。故填entered。
考查状语从句。句意：然而，由于越来越少的人愿意学习这种艰苦的民间艺术，它现在濒临灭绝。此句是因果关系，表示"由于"、"因为"可用as或because，引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
3.答案：
①where②under③what④seeing⑤the⑥absence⑦had left⑧to return⑨was spent⑩understood
解析：
考查定语从句。句意：玄奘出生在一个世代都是读书人的家庭，他年轻时接受的是古典儒家教育，但在他哥哥的影响下，他对佛教产生了兴趣，想要去西方的印度学习更多的佛教知识。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是family，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词 where引导。故填where。
考查介词。句意：玄奘出生在一个世代都是读书人的家庭，他年轻时接受的是古典儒家教育，但在他哥哥的影响下，他对佛教产生了兴趣，想要去西方的印度学习更多的佛教知识。固定搭配under the influence of"在……的影响下"。故填under。
考查宾语从句。句意：他沿着我们现在所知的丝绸之路旅行。此处引导宾语从句，作介词along的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，最终大多数国王看到玄奘到达印度的决心后都支持他。see与主语most kings是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填seeing。
考查冠词。句意：一直以来，他都参与学术辩论。固定搭配all the while"一直，始终"。故填the。
考查名词。句意：在成功收集了近六百份手稿后，离开16年后，他决定返回中国。此处作宾语，应用名词absence，由空前的an可知，应用名词单数形式，an absence of"……的缺席，离开……"。故填absence。
考查动词时态。句意：玄奘在他的祖国中国仍然是一个正式的逃亡者，因为他是未经允许离开的。leave这个动作发生在was之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had left。
考查非谓语动词。句意：玄奘给皇帝写了一封信，描述了他所学的东西，并请求允许返回。固定搭配ask permission to do sth."请求允许做某事"。故填to return。
考查动词语态。句意：玄奘的余生都花在教学、做顾问和翻译与他一同回国的手稿上。句子主语The rest of Xuanzang's life与谓语动词spend之间是动宾关系，且讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词使用was。故填was spent。
考查非谓语动词。句意：在他的旅行之后，佛教在中国被更广泛地理解。Buddhism与understand之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作表语。故填understood。

展开更多......

收起↑